CC BY
34HYPERICUM PERFORATUM, FIELD TEA AND ITS USEFUL BENEFITS
FOR HUMAN LIFE
Muqaddas Usmonboy qizi Alimboyeva
Master ToshFarMI 1st year in the field of DST
Nargiza Abbosxanovna Azimova
Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Technology of Medicines, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute
M. I. Madrakhimova
Junior Research Fellow of
the Laboratory of Experimental Technology, Research Institute of Plant Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT
This article is intended to review basic information about properties herba hypericum perforatum for human health and give peculiar features on the origin of this plant. Also, in this paper, the mechanisms of the antitumor effects of Hypericum perforatum and its main active component hyperforin is given. St John's wort- SJW extract is commonly employed as antidepressant due to its ability to inhibit monoamine neurotransmitters re-uptake. Moreover, additional biological properties make this vegetal extract very suitable for both prevention and treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Regular use of SJW reduces colorectal cancer risk, mood depression and other illnesses in humans and prevents genotoxic effects of carcinogens in animal models.Traditional indications for oral use of herbal teas, liquid extracts (extraction solvent ethanol) and dry extracts are useful for nervous system disorders, psychiatric disorders, Traumatic damages of nerves, Migraine, headache and Nervous gastric diseases.
Key words: Herba hypericum perforatum, St. John's Wort (SJW) and Hyperforin (HPF)medicinal products, steppe plants, chemical composition
INTRODUCTION
Herba hyperci is the name of the plant. XI DF for the preparation of products from two types of field allows: hole dalachoy - Hypericum perforatum L. and spotted (quadrangular) dalachoy - Hypericum maculatum Crantz; steppe - Hypericaceae belongs to the family. Perennial herb, up to 30-100 sm tall plant. The rhizome and roots are branched. Stems multiple, erect, smooth, hairless, the upper part is oppositely branched. The leaves are simple, elongated - ovoid, flat-edged, stemless opposite the base. Flowers golden-yellow, clustered in a five-segmented, thyroid gland. Fruits - three
roomy, multi-seeded, opening when cooked. The seeds are small, elongated and concave and painted brown. Flowering in June-August, fruiting ripens in July-September. As we come to the Geographical distribution, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Baltic countries, In the forested, forest-desert regions of the European part of Russia and Western Siberia, occurs in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Kazakhstan are extremely used this kind of plant.
METHODOLOGY
Preparation of the product. When the plant is in bloom, 15-20 cm above the ground cm in length. The shade dries on the ground, crushing leaves and flowers from the stem, is removed. The appearance of the product. The finished product is leaves, flowers, unripe fruit mixtures and a partially leafless stem. Stem cylindrical, high part branched, double-edged and hairless. Leaves elongated - ovoid, flat-edged, hairless, 0.73.5 cm long, 1.4 cm wide, with spot-shaped spots. Guli straight, inflorescence deeply cut into five pieces, crown 5, golden, elongated - elliptical upper part curved and serrated, paternal numerous, maternal The node is three-chambered, located at the top. The fragrant smell of the product, more bitter, has a slightly crunchy taste.
Chemical composition. The product contains 10-12.8% of additives, 0.1-0.4% anthracene derivatives (hypericin, etc.), flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin, quercetrin, quercetin, etc.), 0.1-0.33% essential oil, 55 mg% carotene, 1151.8 mg % vitamin C and up to 10% resin. To be used. Wrinkle, antiseptic and quick-healing effect on wound tissue has in medicine, gastrointestinal (colitis, diarrhea), oral cavity (gingivitis and stomatitis) in the treatment of diseases and burns of II and III degrees, as well as in the mouth used for rinsing. The aboveground part of the plant has a bactericidal effect.
Medicinal products. Infusion, tincture, liquid extract, bactericidal drug novoimanin, peflavit (the amount of catechins in tablet form is produced in Bulgaria, vitamin P effect). Novoima is a dark brown powder that is in water, alcohol and water with water 0.5-1% solution in a mixture of glycerin and powder and grease as simple, purulent wounds, burns, scabs and other pus used to treat processes. Oily extract of sagebrush (beetroot oil) for gastrointestinal ulcers used in the treatment of diseases. Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute at the Department of Pharmacognosy are 3 types of steppe plants found in Uzbekistan: Hypericum perforatum L., Hypericum scabrum L., Hypericum elon-gatum Ldb. (H. hyssopifolium Vill.) studied. The surface area of these plants is 10-12%. additives, 0.9-2% flavones (quercetin, quercetrin, hyperoside, rutin and others), / "5.6% anthocyanins, up to 0.22% essential oil, up to 15 mg% carotene, 240 mg% of vitamin C and other compounds were found. In Uzbekistan These growing plant species can be used in medicine as well as as a product It is recommended to cook in Uzbekistan.
DISCUSSION
SJW is an herbaceous plant containing many bioactive molecules. For longtime SJW has been used in the traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and lenitive properties and recently it has been mostly employed for the treatment of anxiety and depression to replace conventional antidepressant drugs, with which it shares the inhibition of the uptake of monoamine neurotransmitters as a mechanism of action. Several randomized controlled clinical trials have been performed and their results indicate that SJW treatment of mild/moderate depression is effective and well-tolerated with low occurrence of adverse effects. Besides such anti-depressant properties,other biological activities of SJW make this vegetal extract very suitable for both preventionand treatment of a number of diseases in which the inflammatory events play a relevant role. The pharmacological properties of Hypericum perforatum are due to a number of bioactive molecules, among which the most important and characteristic of this species are hyperforin.
(HPF) and hypericin, usually present in the total hydro-alcoholic SJW extract within a range of concentrations of 1-5% and 0.1-0.3%, respectively. Additional active compounds, such as hyperoside, rutin, quercetin, several catechinsand other polyphenols are often contained in the total extract of SJW, although with a large variability of concentrations, mainly depending on seasonal fluctuations and the geographic origin of plant. Among the major SJW components, we will not consider here the antitumor effect of hypericin, whose mechanism of action is based on its phototoxic properties, currently exploited in the so-called photodynamic therapy applied in several tumor types, especially of cutaneous origin. We will actually focus on HPF, that is the primary active principle responsible for both the antidepressant and the antiinflammatory properties of SJW.
RESULT
HPF is a bio-active acylphloroglucinol abundantly present in the apical flowers of Hypericum perforatum plant. Notably, pharmacokinetic data, obtained in healthy volunteers, indicate that oral administration of anti-depressive therapeutic doses of SJW hydro-alcoholic extract (3 _ 300 mg daily, containing 15 mg HPF) results in a maximal HPF circulating concentration of 0.28 _M, at 3.5 h after a single dose, and a steady-state concentration of 0.18 M. Similar results were obtained in a successive study, confirming the bioavailability of HPF and the achievement of suitable blood levels after ingestion of SJW extract. Altogether, the available data show that HPF contained in SJW extract is effectively absorbed and can protect cells against pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced damage. Moreover, it should be stressed that HPF is able to induce long-lasting changes in the cell signaling and transcriptional pathways even after being withdrawn from the
cell culture medium following a pre-incubation period. While HPF is stabilized by the presence of antioxidant compounds in the whole SJW extract, purified HPF is relativelyunstable in presence of light and oxygen. Therefore, various hyperforin salt preparations and stabilized hyperforin analogs, such as DCHA-hyperforin or aristoforin were tested and proved to retain HPF biological activity.
In conclusion, Steppe (Hypericum L.) is a group of grasses or shrubs in the steppe family. There are about 200 species, most of which grow in the Mediterranean. There are 3 types in Uzbekistan. They are called chaykop, dalachay, choyot, kyzylpoycha. The leaves of the D.s are simple, entire, and most are opposite. The flower is a bisexual, yellow, bisexual. The petals are usually up to half full. The pollinators are numerous and interconnected. Seeds are single, 3-5 cells. The fruit is a cup. N. perforatum L. is widespread in the hilly and mountainous regions of Uzbekistan. It flowers and seeds in June-September. Contains nutrients, essential oils & vitamin C. It is used in folk medicine (in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and bloody diarrhea).
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the studies presented in this paper, SJW extract and its component hyperforin, already safely employed in antidepressant therapy, hold considerable promise to exert proper beneficial effects as anti-tumor phytochemicals. These natural compounds have an essential potential for both prophylactic and therapeutic use against several dangerous deceases by mechanisms that involve modulation of ROS production and action along different steps of carcinogenesis as well as regulation of proton dynamics in cancer cells. Although further information is undoubtedly expected for a full clarification of mechanisms and effects, ample experimental evidence in vitro and in vivo already point out that SJW and HPF can have a great importance as nutraceutical supplement or related with chemotherapy in the challenging fight against different illnesses.
REFERENCES
1. Red Book of Uzbekistan. 1996
2. Natural geography of Uzbekistan. Lecture notes. Navoi - 2006
3. Baratov P. Natural geography of Uzbekistan
4. Babushkin A.N., Kogay N.A. Fiziko-geograficheskie rayonirovanie Sredney Azii. Tr. TashGU, - vip.307. T. 1967.
5. Current problems of geography, Samarkand - 2006, Scientific and practical conference materials.
6. Newman, D.J.; Cragg, G.M. Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs from 1981 to 2014. J. Nat. Prod. 2016, 79, 629-661.
7. Choudhari, A.S.; Mandave, P.C.; Deshpande, M.; Ranjekar, P.; Prakash, O. Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Practice. Front. Pharm. 2019, 10, 1614.
8. A Perspective on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Epigenetics. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2016, 29, 2071-2095.
9. Reichling, J.; Weseler, A.; Saller, R. A Current Review of the Antimicrobial Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. Pharmacopsychiatry2001, 34, 116-118.
