CC BY
75Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
О
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
GEOMETRIK JISMLAR VA ULARNING FAZOVIY HOLATLARINI TARIFLASHDA ULARNING ASOSIY TAYANCH MANBALARINI HISOBGA
OLISH
d https://doi.org/10.24412/2181-1784-2022-5-279-289
Ashirboyev Azim Ozodovich
Nizomiy nomidagi Toshkent Davlat pedagogika universiteti "Muhandislik va kompyuter grafikasi" kafedrasi dotsenti
Ushbu maqolada geometrik jismlarni ularning fazoviy holatini hisobga olgan holda tavsiflash va proyeksion holatini yozma yoki og'zaki tavsiflashda proyeksiya tekisliklariga, ularning asosiy tayanch manbalari va tushunchalaridan foydalanish masalasi ko 'rilgan.
Kalit so'zlar. geometrik jism, yozma tavsif, pozitsion munosabat, metrik
munosabat, proyeksiy tekislikligi,_vertikal prizma._ gorizontal prizma, dekard
koordinatalar sistemasi.
В данной статье рассматривается вопрос об использовании плоскостей проекции, их основных базовых источников и понятий при описании геометрических тел с учетом их пространственного положения и письменной или устной описании проекционного состояния.
Ключевые слова. Геометрическое тело, письменное описание, позиционное отношение, метрическое отношение, плоскость проекции, вертикальная призма. горизонтальная призма, декартова система координат.
This article discusses the use of geometric bodies taking into account their phase state and projection process, their main sources and use in writing or using projection cases.
Keywords. Geometric body, written description, positional relation, metric relation, projection plane, vertical prism. horizontal prism, Cartesian coordinate system.
Har qanday model yoki detalning tuzilishi uning ish bajarish vazifasiga ko'ra o'zaro turli xil vaziyatda joylashgan har xil turdagi geometrik jismlar (sirtlar)dan yoki ularning yig'indisidan iborat bo'ladi. Agar biron buyum yoki detal tarkibi bo'yicha
ANNOTATSIYA
АННОТАЦИЯ
ABSTRACT
KIRISH
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
O
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
ikki geometrik jism yig'indisidan iborat bo'lsa, ular bir biriga nisbatan ma'lum pozitsion va metrik munosabatda bo'ladi. Shu detalni yozma tavsiflash uchun detaldagi ikki geometrik jismning o'zaro egallagan vaziyatini aniq ko'ra bilish va uni aniq qilib yoza olish zarur bo'ladi. Shuning uchun ham ularni yozma tavsiflashda tarkibidagi har bir jismning tutgan holatini alohida va unga nisbatan boshqa jismlarning vaziyatlarini alohida ta'riflashga to'g'ri keladi. Dastlab jismning, albatta, proeksiyalar tekisligiga nisbatan egallagan holati aniqlanadi. Asosiy qiyinchilik ham aslida shu erdan boshlanadi. Chunki birinchi jismga nisbatan ikkinchi jism ma'lum metrik va pozitsion munosabatda joylashtirilsa, uni birinchi jismning qaysi tomoniga, shuningdek, qanday masofada joylashtiriladi va qanday aniqlikda ta'riflanadi, qanday ta'riflansa qulay va aniq tushunarli bo'ladi kabi masalalar kelib chiqadi. Bu jism tarkibini aniq bilish va aniq tasavvur qila olish va ma'lum darajada topqirlikni talab qiladi. Ana shu maqsadda har bir boshlang'ich geometrik jismni alohida-alohida tahlil qilishga to'g'ri keladi. Asosiy geometrik jismlar, masalan: prizma, piramida, silindr, konus, shar, xalqa va hakozalardan iboratdir.
MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR
PRIZMA. Ikki yoqi teng ko'pburchaklar va boshqa yoqlari to'rtburchaklardan iborat bo'lgan ko'pyoqlik.
PIRAMIDA. Yoqlaridan biri tekis ko'pburchak bo'lib, qolgan yoqlari esa umumiy uchga ega bo'lgan uchburchaklardan tuzilgan ko'pyoqlik.
SILINDR. To'g'ri chiziqning unga parallel to'g'ri chiziq atrofida aylanishidan hosil bo'lgan sirt silindr sirti va u o'rab turgan jism silindr deyiladi.
KONUS. To'g'ri chiziqning aylanish o'qini kesib uning atrofida aylanishdan hosil bo'lgan sirt konus sirti, o'rab turgan jism konus deyiladi.
SHAR. Aylananing o'z diametri atrofida aylanishidan hosil bo'lgan sirt sfera deyilib, u o'rab turgan qismi shar deyiladi.
Model yoki detallar tarkibida ishtirok etayotgan geometrik jismlar ko'pincha xususiy holda uchraydi. Masalan, ular umumiy o'qqa ega bo'ladi yoki H va V ga nisbatan xususiy vaziyatlarda joylashadi. Shuning uchun ham har bir geometrik jismning fazodagi har xil holatlarini tekshirayotganimizda asosiy e'tibor ularning xususiy vaziyatlariga qaratiladi. Jismga tavsif berilganda uning shakli va holati qo'shib aytiladi. Masalan, prizma haqida aytilganda u vertikal, gorizontal so'zlari qo'shib aytilishi mumkin. Bunda uning yon qirralari asosiy aniqlovchi rolni o'ynaydi, ya'ni aytilgan iboralar yon qirralarining proeksiyalar tekisligiga nisbatan tutgan vaziyatiga
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
nisbatan aytiladi. Agar yon qirralari H ga perpendikulyar joylashgan bo'lsa, prizma vertikal prizma, H ga parallel joylashgan bo'lsa gorizontal prizma deyiladi.
Prizma gorizontal holatda V ga yoki W ga parallel joylashgan bo'lishi ham mumkin. Bu aytilganlar silindr sirtiga ham to'la taaluqlidir.
Piramida konus bilan o'xshash bo'lib ularning holatiga uchlari va o'qlari aniqlik kiritadi. Endi ana shu geometrik jismlarni alohida-alohida ko'rib, ularning ta'rifiga e'tibor beraylik.
Bir yon yoqi bilan V ga parallel joylashgan uchburchakli vertikal prizma
Z\
Yon qirralari V ga perpendikulyar va bir yoqi H ga parallel joylashgan to'g'ri uchburchakli prizma
_
Asosi kvadrat bo'lib, uning ikki uchi gorizontal o'qda joylashgan to'g'r: to'rtburchakli vertikal prizma
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
о
Asosi muntazam oltiburchak bo'lib, uning ikki uchi gorizontal o'qda
joylashgan oltiburchakli vertikal prizma
Uchi yuqoriga qaragan muntazam oltiburchakli to'g'ri piramida
Uchi yuqoriga qaragan oltiburchakli kesik piramida
Uchi yuqoriga qaragan to'g'ri doiraviy konus
О_
To'g'ri doiraviy vertikal silindr. O'qi H ga perpendikulyar to'g'ri doiraviy
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
silindr
O
O'qi V ga perpendikulyar to'g'ri doiraviy silindr
I I
Aylanish o'qi W ga perpendikulyar doiraviy silindr
Yon qirralari W ga perpendikulyar va bir yoni H ga parallel joylashgar uchburchak prizma
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Tavsif avvaldan kelishib, shartlashib olingan qonun-qoidalarga va shartli yo'nalishlarga asoslangan holda amalga oshiriladi. Masalan, biron shaharning joylashgan o'rni geografik kartasida shimoldan janubga tortilgan meridian va ularga perpendikulyar o'tkazilgan parallellarga nisbatan aniqlanadi. Xuddi shunday, biron jismni tavsiflash uchun oldi va orqasi, chap va o'ng yonlari, usti va osti kabi tushunchalari qaysi yo'nalishga nisbatan aytilishi lozimligini avvaldan bilishi va kelishib olinishi shart. Ana shu maqsadda, biror geometrik sirtni, masalan parallelepiped (to'g'ri burchakli prizma)ni Dekard koordinatalar sistemasida qabul qilingan proyeksiy tekisliklariga nisbatan mos holda (chizmada berilgan holatda) joylashtirib, unga nisbatan o'ng, chap, orqa, oldi, usti va osti termin-ifodalari bilan bog'liq korinishlarni qabul qilamiz va ularga oid tayanch Tyushunchalarga ega bo'lamiz. Yozma tavsif jarayonida ham ana shu shartlarga rioya qilish va ko'rinishlarni rasmiylashtirish amal qilinadi.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Buyumningproyeksiy tekisliklariga nisbatan joylashuvi
Buyumning proyeksiya tekisliklaridagi tasvir joylari
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
о
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Bundan tashqari jism tarkibidagi elementlarni, ya'ni qismlar joylarini aniqlashda simmetriya o'qlari katta ahamiyatga ega. Quyidagi shaklda proeksiyalardagi simmetriya o'qlari va ularning nomlanishi keltirilgan. Bu shartliliklar yaqqol tasvirlar va unga mos ravishda ortogonal proeksiyalarda ham tasvirlangan. Bu qabul qilingan shartli tushunchalar o'quvchining ko'z oldida hamma vaqt turishi kerak. Ana shunday qilganda o'quvchining fazoviy tasavvuri shakllanib boradi va rivojlanadi.
REFERENCES
1. Sh.K.Murodov, L.Hakimov, P.Adilov, A.Shomurodov, M.Jumaev. "Chizma geometriya kursi". -T,: "O'qituvchi", 1988.
2. Sh.K. Murodov L.Hakimov, A.Xolmurzayev. "Chizma geometriya". -T,: "Iqtisod-moliya". 2006.
3. Murodov Sh.K., Ashirboyev A,O, "Chizma geometriya va chizmachilikdan ruscha-o'zbekcha lug'at". -T.: "Fan", 2008.
4. Ro'ziyev E.I., Ashirboyev A.O. "Muhandislik grafikasini o'qitish metodikasi". -T.;Yangi asr avlodi". 2010.
5. Михайлов Н.Г. Пособия УМК по школьному курсу "Черчение" двух авторских групп: А.Д. Ботвинникова и В.В. Степаковой и их соавторов // Достижения вузовской науки. - 2014. - № 13. - С. 59-66.
6. Валиев Аъзамжон Нематович. (2021). Об Особенностях Перспективы Простых Геометрических Фигур И Проблемах В Ее Обучении. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & APPLIED SCIENCES, 2(4), 54-61. Retrieved from https: //caj otas .centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJOTAS/article/view/116
7. Азим Аширбаев (2021). Типичные ошибки, которые могут изменить размеры чертежей и их предупреждающие факторы. Общество и инновации, 2 (3), 7-15. doi: 10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss3-pp7-15
8. A. N. Valiev. (2021). ABOUT THE FEATURES OF THE PERSPECTIVE OF SIMPLE GEOMETRIC SHAPES AND PROBLEMS IN ITS TRAINING. International Engineering Journal For Research & Development, 6(2), 7. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5MT2R
9. Ugli, D. S. D., & Ugli, A. B. I. (2022). MODULAR TECHNOLOGY OF TEACHING ENGINEERING COMPUTER GRAPHICS TO FUTURE TEACHERS DRAWING. CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2767-3758), 3(01), 101-107.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
о
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
10. Shoxboz Dilshodbek O'G'Li Dilshodbekov, & Aldiyar Alisher O'G'Li Abdulxatov (2022). MUHANDISLIK GRAFIKASI FANLARINI O'QITISHDA ZAMONAVIY GRAFIK DASTURLARDAN FOYDALANISH METODIKASI. Scientific progress, 3 (3), 7-14.
11. P.Adilov, N. Tashimov, S. Seytimbetov (2019). Computer-Test Control o f Knowledge o f Students in Engineering Graphics. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT). Vol. 17 No. 2 November 2019, pp. 193-195
12. Muslimov, Sherzod Nazrullayevich (2019) "THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY-ORIENTED EDUCATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONALLY-GRAPHIC COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES," Scientific Bulletin of Namangan State University: Vol. 1 : Iss. 6, Article
13. Muslimov Narzulla Alikhanovich, Urazova Marina Batyrovna, Muslimov Sherzod Narzulla ugli. (2020). DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN TECHNOLOGY FOR FUTURE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TEACHERS, MODEL OF TRAINING AND BASIC INDICATORS OF DISSERTATION. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/ Egyptology, 17(7), 10534-10551. Retrieved from https://www. arch ives.palarch.nl/indexphp/jae/articl e/view/4088
14. Tashimov, N. (2019). Ways of Development of Cognitive and Graphic Activity of Students. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 17(1),
15. Shoxboz, D. (2019). THE ESSENCE OF TEACHING ENGINEERING COMPUTER GRAPHICS AS A GENERAL TECHNICAL DISCIPLINE. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences Vol, 7(12).
16. Rustam Ravshanovich, J. (2021). Formation of Creative Abilities of Students by Teaching the Genre "Landscape" of Fine Arts. Spanish Journal of Society and Sustainability, 1, 1-8. Retrieved from http://siss.indexedresearch.org/index.php/siss/article/view/1
17. Jabbarov, R. (2021). Уникальное направление, вдохновленное творчеством Камолиддина Бехзода, великого миниатюриста Восточного Возрождения. Общество и инновации, 2(5/S), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss5/S-pp59-67
18. Аширбаев, А. (2021). ЧИЗМАЧИЛИК ТАЪЛИМИНИНГ УЗВИЙЛИГИНИ ТАЪМИНЛАШ ВА УНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ
80.
212-214.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
МАСАЛАЛАРИ. ГРААЛЬ НАУКИ, (6), 434-439. https://doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.25.06.2021.082
19. Xalimov М., & Farxodova, Z. (2021). DEVELOPING STUDENTS' CREATIVE ABILITIES BY MAKING PROBLEM SOLUTION SITUATION IN DRAWING SUBJECT. Збгрник наукових працъ AOrOZ. https://doi.org/10.36074/logos-30.04.2021.v2.62
20. Malikov, K. G. (2020). Theory and practice of construction of axonomertic projects. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences Vol, 8(9).
21. Jabbarov, R., & Rasulov, M. (2021). FURTHER FORMATION OF STUDENTS' CREATIVE ABILITIES BY DRAWING LANDSCAPES IN PAINTING. Збгрник наукових працъ AOrOZ. https://doi.org/10.36074/logos-30.04.2021.v2.09
22. Khalimov M., Soliddinova S. The knowledge gained by students in engineering graphics and its transformation to experience and skill. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR), Year: 2021, Volume: 10, Issue: 1, First page: (260) Lastpage: (264) Online ISSN: 2278-4853. Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2021.00040.9
23. Mirzaliev Zafar Eralievich, Khalimov Mohir Karimovich, Malikov Kozim Gofurovich, Abdukhonov Botir Husniddinovich. Method of using a new mechanism for the construction of axonometric projections. Young scientist, ISSN: 2072-0297 International scientific journal, No.8 (142) / 2017 part II, -pp. 1-6 Kazan. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28395835
24. Kozim, M., Zilola, F., & Sanjarbek, S. (2019). DETERMINATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE DEFAULT ISOMETRIC VIEW USING METHOD OF RECTANGULAR AUXILIARY PROJECTION. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences Vol, 7(12).
25. Халимов, М. К. Сравнение продуктивности учебной доски и проектора в преподавании предметов, входящих в цикл инженерной графики / М. К. Халимов, Р. Р. Жабборов, Б. Х. Абдуханов, А. А. Мансуров. — Текст : непосредственный // Молодой ученый. — 2018. — № 6 (192). — С. 203-205. — URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/192/48066/
26. Xalimov, M. K., Mirzaliyev, Z. E., & Mashrabbayev, X. N. (2022, January). CHIZMACHILIK FANINI O'QITISH JARAYONIDA O'QUVCHILAR IJODKORLIK FAOLIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASI (MAKTAB
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
о
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
CHIZMACHILIGI MISOLIDA). In International journal of conference series on education and social sciences (Online) (Vol. 2, No. 1).
27. Khalimov Mokhir Karimovich. (2022). ELEMENTS OF STUDENT SPACE IMAGINATION IN THE TEACHING OF GRAPHIC SCIENCES AND METHODS OF USING IT. CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS, 3(02), 103116. https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crip-03-02-19
28. Seytimbetov, S. M. (2022). TALABALARNING IJODKORLIK OBILIYATINI GEOMETRIK SHAKLLARNI PARAMETRLASH MASALALARI ORQALI RIVOJLANTIRISH. Бошкдрув ва Этика Коидалари онлайн илмий журнали, 2(3), 27-32. http://www.sciencebox.uz/index.php/sieg/article/view/1446
29. Zaitov, S. R. (2022). CHIZMA GEOMETRIYA FANIDAN MUSTAQIL ISHLARINI BAJARISHDA AXBOROT TA'LIM TEXNOLOGIYASINING O'RNI. БАРКАРОРЛИК ВА ЕТАКЧИ ТАДКЩОТЛАР ОНЛАЙН ИЛМИЙ ЖУРНАЛИ, 219-223. http://sciencebox.uz/index.php/i ars/article/view/1336
30. Maratovich, S. S. (2022). TALABALARNING IJODKORLIK QOBILIYATINI KONSTRUKSIYALASH MASALALARI ORQALI RIVOJLANTIRISH. ZAMONAVIY TA'LIM: MUAMMO VA YECHIMLARI, 1, 114119. http://conf.iscience.uz/index.php/mahalliykonf/article/view/195
31. Zaitov, S. R. (2022). DIDAKTIK O'YINLAR VOSITASIDA TALABALARNING GRAFIK TAYYORGARLIGINI OSHIRISH. ZAMONAVIY TA'LIM: MUAMMO VA YECHIMLARI, 1, 120-124. https: //conf.iscience.uz/index.php/mahalliykonf/article/view/196
32. Ozodovich, A. A. (2021). The Use Of Tasks That Create A Tendency To The Problems Of Making Typical Mistakes In The Possession Of Graphic Literacy. The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations, 3(06), 99-103. https://doi.org/10.37547/taissei/Volume03Issue06-16
