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14УДК 371. 72
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИДЕЙ У УЧАЩИХСЯ НАЧАЛЬНОЙ
ШКОЛЫ О ЗДОРОВОМ ОБРАЗЕ ЖИЗНИ
Сёмкин А.В., Морозов О.М. Кокшетауский университет им. Абая Мырзахметова (г. Кокшетау, Республика Казахстан)
Аннотация. В статье рассматривается вопрос о том, как состояние здоровья детей влияет на страну в целом. Рассматривается вопрос о профилактике здоровья, о последствиях, об основных компонентах, которые помогут сохранить здоровье младшего школьника в тонусе.
Ключевые слова: образовательный процесс в начальной школе, культура здорового образа жизни.
FEATURES OF THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE IDEAS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Semkin A.V., Morozov O. M. Abay Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University (Kokshetau, the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Annotation. In this article, we will talk about how the state of children's health affects the country as a whole. Let's talk about the prevention of health, about the consequences, about the main components that will help to keep the health of the younger student in good shape.
Key words: educational process in primary school, culture of a healthy lifestyle.
It is known that the health crisis of children, adolescents and youth in Kazakhstan threatens national security, economic and social development, and the country's defense capability. The scale and consequences of the disruption of the health of new generations of the population are enormous. These problems lie in the sphere of the vital interests of society, the family, and the individual [1, 7].
A healthy lifestyle (hereinafter referred to as HLS) in the context of the renewal of the education system is the basis for the prevention of diseases and strengthening the health of children and adolescents. The modern concept of healthy lifestyle defines it as a conscious need for the constant implementation of hygienic rules for strengthening and preserving individual and public health.
For younger students, the main components of a healthy lifestyle are rational nutrition, physical activity, restorative and anti-stress measures, full rest, and high medical activity. In today's complex socio-economic conditions, the absence of these elements in the behavior of a significant part of schoolchildren is a risk factor for the occurrence of diseases.
Taking into account the state of health of children of primary school age, in recent years, the country has significantly intensified the work on creating a health-saving system of educational institutions aimed at developing children's healthy lifestyle skills.
The training aspect of this system includes [1, 65]:
- mastering of educational programs on healthy lifestyle;
- development of manuals for teachers and students;
- creation of a methodological library for teachers of different categories on the problems of a healthy lifestyle;
- training of teachers of general education schools in active methods of forming healthy lifestyle skills, etc.
The significant deterioration in the health of the population of Kazakhstan, especially children, which has been observed in recent years, has become a national problem. Systematic education of the younger generation in the field of health and healthy lifestyle will help to solve it. Modern views on this problem show that the health of each person, first of all, depends on the efforts that he makes to strengthen his health, and no doctors, no medications will help if the person himself violates the norms of healthy lifestyle.
It is known that healthy habits are formed from the earliest age of the child. Therefore, the role and importance of the family, family education in this process is difficult to overestimate. Parents need to bring up their child every day, day after day, quietly and steadily, so that he understands the need to improve his health and learns this art. To successfully cope with this task, parents must have a certain theoretical and practical training in these issues. Science offers them the following principles on which the education of a healthy lifestyle of children is based:
1. A systematic approach.
- A person is a complex system. It is impossible to keep the body healthy if you do not improve the emotional and volitional sphere, if you do not work with the morality of the child.
- The successful solution of the problems of healthy lifestyle education is possible only if the educational efforts of the school and parents are combined.
2. Activity-based approach.
The culture in the field of health and healthy lifestyle is mastered by children in the process of joint activities with their parents. It is necessary not to direct children to the path of health, but to lead them along this path [2, 43].
3. The principle of "Do no harm"!
It provides for the use of only safe methods of health improvement, scientifically recognized and tested by thousands of years of human experience and officially recognized.
4. The principle of humanism.
In education in the field of health and healthy lifestyle, the self-worth of the child's personality is recognized. The moral guidelines of education are universal values.
The priority direction of education in the field of health should be the formation of the moral qualities of the child, which are the foundation of health. To do this, it is necessary to develop in him kindness, friendliness, self-control, purposefulness, courage, an optimistic attitude to life, a sense of the joy of existence, the ability to feel happy, believe in your own strength and trust the world.
For the formation of these qualities, spiritual harmony, adequate positive self-esteem are necessary, which arise if the child is free from feelings of anxiety and fear, lives with confidence in his security and safety. It is important that as the culture of health savings develops, each child develops feelings of tenderness and love for himself, a mood of special joy from understanding his uniqueness, uniqueness, boundlessness of his creative possibilities, a sense of trust in the world and people.
When organizing health education, you need to remember:
- if the child is often encouraged - he learns self-confidence,
- if a child lives with a sense of security - he learns to believe,
- if a child manages to achieve what he wants , he learns hope,
- if a child lives in an atmosphere of friendship and feels needed , he learns to find love in this world [3, 5].
It is equally important for the preservation of health to develop your child's ability to view themselves and their condition from the outside, to understand their feelings and the reasons for their occurrence. Self-observation and introspection form the desire to improve themselves, allow the child to see and develop their personal capabilities, increase their intellectual potential.
It is necessary to form a child's moral attitude to their health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health is the most important value for a person, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health. In order to motivate them to behave in a healthy way, it is necessary to interest them, create positive emotions during the development of knowledge, give them a
sense of pleasure from the methods of recovery, use positive examples from the surrounding life, the personal example of their parents.
A powerful source of formation of healthy lifestyle of children is physical culture. The strategy of classes proceeds from the fact that the pleasure of motor activity develops into a habit, and from it into a need.
An important task that needs to be solved by providing education in the field of health and healthy lifestyle is to form the basics of personal hygiene: mastering the skills of body care, self-massage techniques, methods of hardening, etc. It is equally important that your child master the skills of psychoprophylaxis, self-regulation and activation of the reserve capabilities of his body. To do this, it is necessary to develop and improve the functions of the analyzer systems (hearing, vision, tactile sense, etc.), to teach the skills of voluntary control of breathing, muscle tone, imagination, to promote the formation of an "inner observer" in the child's mind( inner self), to form the ability to express their feelings using words, facial expressions, gestures, etc. By mastering this knowledge and skills, the child learns to manage their emotions and mental activity. This improves the psychological well-being in school, contributes to more successful learning.
Health education provides for the formation of a child's understanding of masculinity and femininity and the corresponding qualities: in boys-strength, dexterity, endurance, will, respect for girls as future mothers and guardians of the home, the desire to help them, protect them, and in girls - plasticity, lightness, responsiveness, tolerance.
Health education serves to strengthen the whole family. The child should learn the best Russian family traditions, understand the meaning and importance of the family in a person's life, the role of the child in the family, master the norms and ethics of relations with parents and other family members. It is necessary to develop an interest in the professional and everyday activities of family members, to form an understanding of their social significance, to arouse the need to talk with pride about their grandparents, parents, and about the good traditions of their family [4, 406].
The effectiveness of solving health-improving tasks of health-forming education can be determined by the dynamics of the child's physical condition, by reducing the incidence of
diseases, by the formation of his skills to build relationships with peers, parents and other people, by the manifestations of compassion, the desire to help others, by reducing the level of anxiety and aggressiveness, in relation to his own health.
In valeopsychology, i.e., health psychology, which develops at the intersection of valeology and psychology, it is assumed that purposeful consistent work is being done to return a person to himself, to master his body, soul, spirit, mind, and to develop an "inner observer" (the ability to hear, see, and feel). To understand and accept yourself, you need to "touch", pay attention to your inner world.
Knowing ourselves, listening to ourselves, we are already on the path of creating health. This requires an awareness of personal responsibility for life and, in particular, for health. For thousands of years, a person gave his body into the hands of doctors, and gradually it ceased to be the subject of his personal care. Man has ceased to be responsible for the strength and health of his body and soul. As a result " "the soul of man is dark". And the only way to free consciousness from illusions and imposed patterns of life is through our own experience.
But at the same time, the analysis of the structure of the morbidity of students shows convincingly that as they study at school, the number of respiratory diseases, pathologies of the digestive organs, impaired posture, eye diseases, borderline neuropsychiatric disorders increases. Such health conditions are not only the result of long-term adverse effects of socio-economic and environmental factors, but also a number of such pedagogical factors as [5, 145]:
- stress tactics of authoritarian pedagogy;
- intensification of the educational process (constant increase in the pace and volume of the training load);
- early start of preschool systematic education;
- non-compliance of training programs and technologies with the functional and age characteristics of students, non-compliance with basic physiological and hygienic requirements for the organization of the educational process;
- insufficient qualifications of teachers in matters of child development and health protection;
- mass illiteracy of parents in matters of preserving the health of children;
- significant shortcomings in the current system of physical education and in the work of medical services.
In this regard, one of the priorities of the education system should be the creation of conditions for the preservation and promotion of children's health, the formation of their attitude to health as the main human value.
The main directions of protecting and promoting the health of students are:
- formation of the value of health and a healthy lifestyle in the activities of an educational institution;
- normalization of the training load;
- training and professional development of teaching staff;
- development and implementation of innovative programs aimed at protecting and strengthening the health of children, their full development;
- creating an adaptive educational environment for children with limited health opportunities and developmental problems;
- creation of a system and mechanisms of joint activities of the school and the family for the formation of a culture of healthy lifestyle of students, their parents, teachers.
A healthy lifestyle is created both in the family and at school in the context of the renewal of the education system. Under general control should be the educational load, daily routine,
nutrition, physical activity, hardening procedures, nervous stress, the psychological climate at home, at school and in the classroom, the relationship between parents and children, students and teachers, types and forms of leisure, entertainment and interests.
Bibliographic list
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2. Balsevich, V. K. Physical training in the system of education of culture of a healthy lifestyle of a person / V. K. Belsevich // Theory and practice of physical culture. - 1990. - No. 1. - p. 47.
3. Vilensky M. Ya. Socio-psychological determinants of the formation of a healthy lifestyle /M. Ya. Vilensky // Theory and practice of physical culture. -1994. - 9. - p. 9-12.
4. Zaitsev G. K. Pedagogy of health: Educational programs on valeology of St. Petersburg /G. K. Zaitsev, Z. V. Kolbanov, M. G. Kolesnikova. - St. Petersburg: "Aksident", - 1994. -78 p.
5. Tatarnikova L. G. Valeologiya -osnovybezopasnostizhiznirebenka [Valeologiya-osnovybezopasnostizhiznirebenka] / L. G. Tatarnikova, N. B. Zakharevich, T. O. Kalinina. -St. Petersburg: "PETROC", - 1995. - 128 p.
Сёмкин Александр Владимирович, кандидат педагогических наук, Кокшетауский университет им. Абая Мырзахметова (Республика Казахстан, г. Кокшетау).
Морозов Олег Михайлович, магистрант, Кокшетауский университет им. Абая Мырзахметова (Республика Казахстан, г. Кокшетау). e-mail: ivanchenko-v@mail.ru
Дата поступления статьи: 24.03.2021
© Сёмкин А.В., Морозов О.М., 2021
