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MEDICAL SCIENCES
FEATURES OF HYGIENIC CONDITIONS OF WORKERS ON POULTRY-FARMING COMPLEXES (UZBEKISTAN)
1 2 3
Samigova N.R.\ Mirsagatova M.R.2, Barakayev F.I.3 (Republic of Uzbekistan) Email: [email protected]
1Samigova Nargiz Raimovna - associate professor;
2Mirsagatova Mavluda Rikhsillayevna - assistant;
3Barakayev Farrukhzhon Ilkhomzhon ugli - student, DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: working conditions at the poultry-farming enterprises have the expressed specifics that defines feature of sanitary inspection at each stage of technological process and complex studying of factors of the production circle of employees of modern poultry farms demands improvement of working conditions by further mechanization and automation of productions, maintenance of a sanitary condition of the air environment in working rooms, neutralization and intelligent use of solid and liquid waste of poultry-farming complexes.
Keywords: occupational health, the animal husbandry, poultry farm, workers, harmful working conditions, preventive actions.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ ТРУДА РАБОТНИКОВ НА ПТИЦЕВОДЧЕСКИХ
КОМПЛЕКСАХ (УЗБЕКИСТАН)
1 2 3 Самигова Н.Р. , Мирсагатова М.Р. , Баракаев Ф.И.
(Республика Узбекистан)
1Самигова Наргиз Раимовна - доцент;
2Мирсагатова Мавлуда Рихсиллаевна - ассистент;
3Баракаев Фаррухжон Илхомжон угли - студент,
кафедра коммунальной гигиены и гигиены труда, Ташкентская медицинская академия, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: условия труда на птицефабриках имеют специфические особенности, которые определяются проведением санитарного надзора на каждом этапе технологического процесса, и комплексное изучение факторов производственной среды работников современных птицефабрик требует оздоровления условий труда путем дальнейшей механизации и автоматизации производственных процессов, поддержания санитарного состояния воздушной среды в рабочих помещениях, обезвреживания, рационального использования твердых и жидких отходов птицеводческих комплексов. Ключевые слова: гигиена труда, животноводство, птицефабрика, работающие, вредные условия труда, профилактические мероприятия.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the wide program of development of production and agriculture, creation of the favorable situation for highly effective work, improvement of welfare of the working and sanitary and hygienic working conditions, increases in the culture of production directed to preservation of health of working is carried out [1, p. 251; 2, p. 83]. The made resolutions are aimed at the development of one of the most important branches of agriculture -animal husbandry [3, p. 5; 4, p. 64].
We have studied working conditions on "Toshkent-Parranda" poultry farm of the Tashkent region. The main profession of the worker of a modern poultry-farming complex - the operator is that he has to keep within strictly the schedule of work and be constantly in contact with animals.
Productions of poultry-farming complexes are mechanized. Technological process includes operations of feeding of birds, veterinary processing, removal of manure of birds and sorting of eggs. On poultry farm cattlefeeders and conveyors are applied to assembly of eggs and cleaning of the room. The major harmful production factors during the work with birds are the adverse microclimate, dust content and the gas contamination of air ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbonic acid, high noise level on some technological sites and also bacterial impurity of air of the working zone.
The leading professional harm on the poultry-farming complexes is the dust differing in high degree of dispersion. As have shown researches, the dust which is formed at cultivation of a bird contains motes less than 2 microns in size - 41,1%, from 2 to 5 microns - 35%, from 5 to 10 microns - 16,6%, from 10 and more - 7,3%. On the course of technological process we have made sampling on dust content of air of a working zone. The obtained data have shown that the greatest concentration of dust is noted in the fodder shop. High concentration of dust is formed also at preparation and distribution of forages which exceeded maximum allowable concentration (6 mg/m3) during the warm period of year by 8 times according to Health regulations and norms of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 0294-11 "Hygienic standards.
When studying the gas contamination of air of the working zone it was revealed that from chemicals in the zone of breath of hen houses vapors of ammonia which concentration exceeded maximum allowable concentration by 1,43 time, hydrogen sulfide in - 2,13 times and carbonic acids by 1,5 times which are formed in the course of activity of a bird and result of decomposition of an organic substratum (forage, laying, dung, down, feathers) are revealed.
Microclimatic conditions in production rooms have to conform to requirements Health regulations and norms of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 0324-16 "Sanitary and hygienic norms of a microclimate of production rooms". However, in the main workplaces of the lethal shop during the cold and warm periods of year air temperature increase, respectively, to 17,5-18,3 degrees Celsius is quite often noted at relative humidity of 86-88,4% in cold and to 29-32,6 degrees Celsius at relative humidity of 80,9-82,3% during the warm period of year. At the same time the speed of the movement of air during the warm period made 0,9 m/s, during the cold period of year - 1,5 m/s.
With an intensification of poultry farming and increase in level of mechanization noise level as a result of operation of cattlefeeders, electromotors, ventilating constructions, etc. considerably increased. The allowed level of intensity of noise for the person (near hens), equal 75-85 dB is set with a frequency of sound over 1000 Hz.
The analysis of bacterial flora of aerosols in the tests of air which are selected on poultry farm is submitted by generally opportunistic microorganisms, saprophyte. At the same time, in the microbe aerosol bulk bacteria - 82-89% have made, mushrooms - 11-17,5% and actinomycetes - 0,5%. Complex studying of factors of the production circle of employees of poultry farms demands improvement of working conditions by further automation of productions, maintenance of a sanitary condition of the air environment in working rooms, neutralization and a intelligent use of solid and liquid waste of poultry-farming complexes.
References
1. Boytsova N.V. Working conditions working in poultry farming // Risk factors and health of the population in regions of Russia. Lipetsk, 2004. № 13. P. 250-252.
2. Kiryushin V.A. Sanitary and hygienic characteristic of operating conditions of industrial poultry farming // Agroecology, 2004. № 1. P. 81-84.
3. Sashengko E. Situation in the Russian poultry farming // Time of news, 2003. № 4. P. 5-7.
4. Hamitova R.Ya. About certification of jobs in agricultural production // The Kazan medical magazine, 2000. № 1. P. 61-64.
