CC BY
3
poem, four types of advice (to be fair, to be happy, to be wise, to enjoy) are encouraged. These exhortations are expressed through the dialogue of four symbolic heroes (Kuntogdy Elik, the governor of the state, Aitogdy vizier, scientist Ogulmysh, the vizier's son, Odgurmysh, the vizier's brother). Список использованной литературы:
1. Rejepov R., Ancient Turkmen literature. Ashgabat, "Ylim", 1991.
2. Esenov B., Babaev N. et al. History of Turkmenistan. Ashgabat, "Magarif", 2009.
© Эсенмадова А., 2024
УДК 9
Эсенмадова A.,
кандидат филологических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры туркменского языка Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули.
Ашхабад, Туркменистан.
ФАКТОРЫ ПОЯВЛЯВШИЕ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ
Аннотация
В древнетюркский период тюркоязычные племена жили в двух отдаленных регионах: восточном и западном.
В Западном регионе (Восточная Европа) в V-IX веках существовало два мощных тюркских племенных союза - Хазарский племенной союз и Булгарский племенной союз. Хазарский язык использовался в объединении хазарских племен, а булгарский язык - в объединении булгарских племен.
Ключевые слова: тюркский, западный, восточный, язык, диалект, история, алфавит.
Esenmadova A.,
Candidate of philological sciences, senior lecturer of the department of Turkmen language of
Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE FORMATION OF TURKIC LANGUAGES
Abstract
During the ancient Turkic period, Turkic-speaking tribes lived in two remote regions: eastern and western.
In the Western region (Eastern Europe) in the 5th-9th centuries there were two powerful Turkic tribal unions - the Khazar tribal union and the Bulgar tribal union. The Khazar language was used to unite the Khazar tribes, and the Bulgar language was used to unite the Bulgar tribes.
Key words:
oguz, language, Turkish, linguist, science, culture. Academician V.W. Bartold noted that the main characters of the book "Gorkut ata" are Turkmen, and
various branches of this work have been spoken in Turkmenistan itself for many centuries (see: 21, 9).
The famous orientalist Y. E. Bertels writes: "In the book (i.e. "Kitab-e dede Gorkut" or "Gorkut ata" -author.) there are many words that are still used in different languages of Turkmen, which means that the book belongs to Turkmen. it clearly shows" (see: 21, 9).
The well-known literary scholar R. Rejebov, referring to various sources, including the works of M. Kashgari, academician W. V. Bartold and some other works, repeatedly emphasizes that the Oguz are Turkmen, and the Turkmen are Oguz (26, 96-97, 137, 147). The linguist Saparmuhy son Ahally also emphasizes that the Oguz are Turkmen. According to him, the author (i.e. M.Kashgarly - author.) considers Oguz to be Turkmen. M. Kashgari himself wrote about the Oguz: "The Oguz are one of the Turkic tribes. They (that is, the Oguz - author) are Turkmen (M.K. vol. 1, 56)", (6, 8).
According to Professor M. Kosaev, well-known historians and writers who lived in early times (Reshideddin, Salyr Baba, Abu-l Ghazi, A. Novayi...) said that Gorkut father was from the Bayat tribe of Turkmens (21, 7).
Most of the people from the Bayat tribe of Turkmen live along the banks of the Amu River. The events described in several branches of the "Gorkut ata" epic also took place in the rivers of Amudra. This work was created on the banks of the Amudayara River. There is also an opinion that it was mechanically transferred to the West - to the Seljuk Empire of the 11th - 12th centuries (4, 32). The epic "Gorkut ata" was published in Istanbul in 1915 under the name "Kitaby dede Gorkut".
In 1900, Academician W.W. Bartold translated the epic "Father Gorkut" into Russian, prepared its Turkmen text, and made notes on it. This work prepared for printing by W.W. Bartold was published in Russian under the title "Kniga moego deda Korkuta" (M. - L, 1962), that is, "The book of my Korkut grandfather (father or father -author.)".
At the same time, the economy, culture, and science of the Samani, Garahan, Ghazna (or Ghaznavi), and Seljuk states, which were formed in Central Asia after becoming free from Arab domination, began to develop at a higher level. Iranian-speaking tribes lived in the mentioned countries along with Oguz, Gypjak, Uighur, Kyrgyz, Garky, Oguz Turkmen and several other ancient Turkic tribes. Artistic works were created in the languages of some of the ancient Turkic tribes that lived at that time, for example, Karahanli and Oguz languages. However, scientific works written about the structure of the Garahanli and Oguz languages used in the Garahanli and Seljuk states do not match. Accordingly, it is impossible to say about the origin of Turkish language education.
In fact, anything, whether material or spiritual, including economy, culture, science, and wisdom, cannot arise in a place where there is nothing, empty, empty. Everything new is built on the basis of the old. This truth derived from reality can be seen in the example of every new thing that has appeared.
However, if there were no higher education madrasahs in Urgench, Kyat, Bukhara, Samarkand, Merv and some other cities, or if only religious teachings were given in them, if the madrasahs did not provide adequate education and training to students in various branches of science, it was mentioned. if there were no rich libraries containing tens of thousands of books and manuscripts written in various branches of science in the cities, if economic development, social structure did not allow us to read, study, get education, and engage in science, in the period before the Mongol conquest, the economy, culture, and science were rapidly developing could not grow with The economy, culture, and science of Central Asian nations developed at a high level as a result of the emergence of conditions that ensured the rapid development of economy, culture, and science in the period before the Mongol invasion.
Список использованной литературы:
1. Rejepov R., Ancient Turkmen literature. Ashgabat, "Ylim", 1991.
2. Zvyagintsov. История языкознания XIX и XX вв. M., 1966.
© Эсенмадова A., 2024
