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18activities. Therefore, it is a valuable resource, as a result of processing of which fresh nuclear fuel and isotopic sources are obtained.
Radioactive elements contained in nuclear waste emit ionizing radiation. Ionization means that as a result of radiation, the redistribution of electric charge in cells occurs. This redistribution causes a number of chemical reactions in organic tissues, which can lead to both mass cell death and mutagenesis. Certain doses of ionizing radiation have an intense adverse effect on the human body, which after a while is not able to cope with it.
Список литературы
1. Милютин В.В., Гелис В.М. Современные методы очистки жидких радиоактивных отходов и радиоактивно-за-грязнённых природных вод. М., 2011.
2. Онищенко Г.Г. Роспотребнадзор. СП 2.6.1.1292-2003. Гигиенические требования по ограничению облучения населения за счёт природных источников ионизирующего излучения. Санитарные правила. Эко-Технология, (18 апреля 2003). Проверено 28 августа 2010. Архивировано из первоисточника 12 февраля 2012.
DISEASES RESULTED BY WASTE Atadjanova M.K.
Atadjanova Muhayyo Komilovna - Student, NATURAL SCIENCES FACULTY, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND SAFETY OF LIFE, URGANCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGANCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the most dangerous consequences are carcinogenic and mutagenic diseases that negatively affect the future generation. Also, a radioactive effect can lead to a metabolic disorder in the body and a weakening of the immune system. Modern waste-disposal and waste-processing plants with their entire arsenal is a kind of an entire industry for recycling and recycling solid household waste from the urban population. Utilization of solid household waste as of today is the most acute problem of modernity that requires the use of new methods and technologies.
Keywords: plastics, pyrolysis products, synthesis gas, raw materials, sanitary earthfilling.
The probability of occurrence of the disease depends on the level of radioactivity and the duration of the radiation exposure to humans. Thus, all types of radioactive waste - from low radioactive to highly radioactive - can harm human health. However, the risk increases in the situation with high level waste. There are three situations when radiation will be dangerous for the human body:
—The direct proximity of a person to nuclear waste leads to direct irradiation (particle radiation or neutron radiation);
—Being inside or near structures where radioactive waste is stored, leads to the fact that a person directly inhales radionuclides with air or indirectly absorbs them with food (for example, after they are released into water);
—Contact of a person with radioactive waste or with containers, where they are contained, may have a pouting effect on the skin.
Recycling of solid waste is the real need for the inhabitants of the earth.
This is explained by the fact that previously used methods of waste disposal - incineration and burial at landfills - have shown their non-viability and, moreover, managed to bring a number of countries to the verge of the real ecological disaster.
This is explained by the fact that such components of garbage components like plastic and rubber decompose naturally for quite some time, and burning them creates a lot of harmful substances that enter the atmosphere, thereby causing a serious danger to human health.
Plastics are dangerous in their own way. They are not destroyed during an extended period of time. Plastics can lie in the earth for dozens and some types for hundreds of years. More than a million tons of polyethylene is spent on disposable packaging. Every year in Europe, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in garbage. There are innovative methods of obtaining from waste plastic products and materials to obtain diesel fuel and gasoline. This method was developed by Japanese scientists. This technology allows receiving from 10 kg of plastic waste up to 5 liters of
diesel fuel or gasoline. Such methods can be obtained not only economic benefits, but to reduce the anthropogenic burden on the environment.
Today, a waste recycling plant, the price of which is quite low, is capable of producing the following main types of valuable raw materials: non-ferrous and ferrous metals, glass, paper, polymeric waste, suitable to processing, fuel, heat and electricity, substances used in the chemical industry.
Each plant for the processing of solid household wastes operates according to a specific scheme, which allows the most efficient production of synthesis gas and solid raw materials from municipal solid waste. Consider the data stages.
Before the garbage will be recycled, it must be sorted out, since the yield of useful pyrolysis products from unsorted garbage is much lower. To do this, all large-scale objects are taken from the garbage and non-ferrous and ferrous metals are removed. Glass and plastic are also removed from the trash. Today, the sorting process is quite simple, thanks to the fact that new sorting lines have been introduced at modern plants:
—The processing of prepared solid household wastes in a gasifier to obtain synthesis gas, pyrolysis oil and secondary chemical compounds from them;
— Purification of synthesis gas and other pyrolysis products from chlorine, fluorine and sulfur compounds;
— Burning synthesis gas previously purified from impurities in special waste-heat boilers for steam, hot water or electricity;
—The sale of pyrolysis products to end users.
As a rule, the sorting of MSW precedes the further disposal of garbage, and since this procedure is of really great importance, today there is a waste recycling plant (MSW) at almost every landfill. Such a plant deals directly with the separation of various useful substances from the garbage: metals, glass, plastics, paper, and other materials with the aim of their further separate recycling.
Among the disadvantages of this method is the fact that in the process of burning into the atmosphere harmful substances are released, and the destruction of valuable organic components that are contained in household garbage occurs.
Composting garbage is a method of disposal of solid waste, based on the natural reactions of the transformation of mu-sora. In the process of recycling, MSW is converted into a shed. However, to implement such a technological scheme, the original garbage must be cleaned.
However, even in spite of this, modern composting technologies do not make it possible to completely get rid of heavy metal salts, and therefore compost from MSW is of little use in practice for use in agriculture, but it can be used to produce biogas.
Sanitary earthfilling is such an approach to the disposal of solid waste, which is uninterruptedly associated with the production of biogas and its further use as an environmentally friendly fuel. With this method, household garbage is filled with a layer of soil with a thickness of about 0.6-0.8 meters. Polygons for the disposal of this type of garbage are equipped with ventilation pipes, gas blowers and tanks intended for the collection of biogas.
References
1. Principles of Radioactive Waste Management: A Safety Fundamental (Series 111-F).
2. Ryoji Noyori. Pursuing practical elegance in chemical synthesis. Chemical Communications, 2005,
(14), 1807-1811.
3. Scanlan, John A. On garbage. London: Reaktion Books, 2005. P. 196. ISBN 1-86189-222-5.
