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Slcía ^iotyjka Stbiríca
Joiu rul (if Umlag}'
Founded in ÎOiS
ISSN 2412-1908
Acta Biologica Sibirica, 2018, 4(2), 53-60
Altai State University
www.asu.ru
RESEARCH ARTICLE
UDC 595.443
Butterfly fauna of Dzhumagal-Too mountain ridge in Kyrgyzstan (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea)
Russian Entomological Society, Nizhny Novgorod Branch, P.O.Box 97 Nizhny Novgorod 603009 Russia.
E-mail: [email protected]
A list of butterflies from Dzhumgal-Too mountain ridge in Kirghizia (Inner Tian-Shan) is presented. It contains 115 species. Key words: butterflies; fauna; species list; Dzhumgal-Too Mts.; Inner Tian-Shan
Introduction
The butterfly fauna of Inner Tian-Shan is rich and unique, but huge regions of this mountainous Middle Asiatic area remain almost unexplored lepidopterologically. It is especially visible when we will start looking at the distribution maps in recently published books about butterflies of Kirghizia (Tshikolovets, 2005; Toropov & Zhdanko, 2007, 2009). But (and this is very strange) Inner Tian-Shanian butterflies are actively collected, many specimens preserved in private and state collections; the sad is that these collections mostly originated from only few places more "famous" for entomologists: Dolon Pass (Baidulu Mts.), Alabel Pass (Suusamyr-Too Mts.), Kara-Keche (Moldo-Too Mts.), Naryn environs (both Naryn-Too and Moldo-Too Mts.). Several seasons I collected butterflies in Dzhumgal-Too mountain ridge (some results of this work published in the paper about butterflies of Suusamyr valley, including 3 locations in Dzhumgal-Too Mts. (Korb, 2010)); this paper is a result of my investigations.
Material and Methods
Dzhumgal-Too mountain ridge located in Inner Tian-Shan, a huge mountain land in Kirghizia (Middle Asia) (Fig. 1). Maximal altitude is 3948 m, length is about 110 km. Its composition is quite various and contains many biotopes, but mostly there are different types of meadows and steppes.
The butterflies collected in three localities (distance between them is about 30 km):
1) Sary-Kayky mountain gorge, western spurs of Dzhumgal-Too Mts. in Suusamyr valley, near West Karakol river and Kozhomkul village. Altitudes: 2200-3400 m. Biotopes: different types of meadows, steppes, screes, rocks, small swamps near the river, stony slopes (Fig. 2).
2) Kekemeren river valley, left shore, near ayil Kekemeren; central part of this mountain ridge. Altitudes: 1700-3600 m. Biotopes: dry stony slopes, different types of meadows, steppes, small forests of Juniperus sp., screes, rocks, bushes, subnival places (Figs. 3-5).
3) Environs of Chaek, eastern spurs of Dzhumgal-Too Mts. Altitudes: 1500-3500 m. Biotopes: dry stony slopes, different types of meadows, steppes, small forests of Juniperus sp., screes, rocks, bushes, subnival places (Figs. 6, 7).
Data collection
Material for this study have been collected by me in 1999-2014 during several collecting trips to the Inner Tian-Shan. Also material from the collections of Zoological Museum of the Moscow University (Moscow, Russia) and Zoological
S.K. Korb
Study site
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St.-Petersburg, Russia) used; type specimens, if needed, have been studied in these institutions and also in the Museum für Naturkunde an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Germany). Totally over 3000 specimens of butterflies from Dzhumgal-Too mountain ridge have been observed, over 200 dissected.
7 CP 72 74 7& 78> 8CP
Fig. 1. Location of study site (encircled by red).
Fig. 2. North-western part of Dzhumgaltoo Mts. near Kozhomkul village (Sary-Kayky mountain gorge), about 2000 m. Typical biotope of Syrichtus antonia, Pyrgus sidae, Parnassius apollonius, Driopa mnemosyne, Colias erate, Pontia daplidice, Disommata nolckeni, Chortobius pamphilus, Melitaea minerva, M. kotschubeji, Phengaris cyanecula, Afarsia sieversi.
Fig. 3. Kekemeren river 3 km N of Sary-Oi, left side - Dzhumgaltoo Mts., right side - Suusamyr-Too Mts.
Fig. 4. Central part of Dzhumgaltoo Mts. near Sary-Oi, almost all vertical zones are visible.
Fig. 5. Central part of Dzhumgaltoo Mts. near Aral, huge screes are biotopes of Paralasa kusnezovi (Avinov, 1910).
Fig. 6. Eastern part of Dzhumgaltoo Mts. near Chaek, dry mountains. Typical biotope of various Hyponephele species, Melitaea sibina and some Lycaenidae (Athamanthia dilutior, Alpherakya sarta).
Fig. 7. Eastern spurs of Dzhumgaltoo Mts., Seuok river valley, Seuok village. Typical biotope of various Lycaenids
(Polyommatus icarus, P. icadius, Rueckbeilia fergana etc.).
Results
List of species
Hesperiidae
Carcharodus alceae (Esper, [1780]). 1, 2. Rare. Steppe slopes and dry stations. 1200-2300 m.
Syrichtus antonia (Speyer, 1879). 1, 2. Rare. Steppe slopes, dry stations, stony places. 1200-2800 m.
S. tessellum (Hübner, [1803]). 1, 2, 3. Rare. Meadows, stony places. 1600-3200 m.
S. proteus (Staudinger, 1886). 1. Very common. Meadows (mostly dry), steppe places. 1200-2200 m.
Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]). 2. Common. Dry places and steppes. 1200-3000 m.
Pyrgus sidae (Esper, [1782]). 1. Common. Dry meadows, steppe slopes, stony places. 1500-2400 m.
P. alpinus (Erschoff, 1874). 1. Common, but local. Meadows and stony slopes, rocky places. 2300-3200 m.
Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, [1808]). 1. Rare, local. Meadows. 1200-2500 m.
T. alaicus (Filipjev, 1931). 2. Rare, local. Dry meadows, stony places, steppe slopes. 1600-2500 m.
Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 3. Rare, local. Meadows. 1200-3600 m.
Papilionidae
Papilio machaon (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2, 3. Common. Almost everywhere. 1200-4000 m.
Parnassius apollonius (Eversmann, 1847). 1, 2, 3. Very common, but local. Dry meadows, steppe slopes. 1200-3000 m. P. actius (Eversmann, 1843). 1, 2, 3. Common, but local. Alpine meadows, rocky and stony places. 2300-4000 m. P. tianschanicus (Oberthür, 1879). 1, 2, 3. Common, but local. Alpine and subalpine meadows. 2000-3500 m. Driopa mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 3. Common, but local. Alpine and subalpine meadows. 1500-3000 m. Koramius delphius (Eversmann, 1843). 1, 2, 3. Common, but local. Alpine meadows, stony slopes. 2700-3600 m.
Pieridae
Leptidea juvernica Williams, 1946. 1. Rare, local. Meadows. 1200-2300 m.
Colias cocandica Erschoff, 1874. 1. Common, local. Meadows. 2500-3600 m.
C. erate (Esper, [1801]). 1, 2, 3. Very common, everywhere. 1200-4000 m.
C. romanovi Grum-Grshimailo, 1885. 1. Common, but very local. Meadows. 2200-2700 m.
C. staudingeri Alpheraky, 1881. 1. Rare, local. Dry meadows, steppes. 2200-3000 m. Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus, 1758). 1. Common. Meadows, river valleys. 1200-2400 m. Euchloe daphalis (Moore, 1865). 2, 3. Rare, local. Stony and dry slopes. 1200-2300 m.
Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Various open places: steppes, slopes, meadows. 1200-3000 m.
Metaporia leucodice (Eversmann, 1843). 1, 2, 3. Common. River valleys and bushy places. 1200-3000 m.
Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758). 1. Very local, but common. Meadows. 1200-2000 m.
P. napi (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Meadows, dry slopes, steppes. 1200-2500 m.
P. rapae (Linnaeus, 1758). 1. Common. Meadows. 1200-3500 m.
P. ochsenheimeri Staudinger, 1886. 1, 2. Very local. Meadows. 2000-3500 m.
P. krueperi Staudinger, 1860. 2. Very local, very rare. Dry meadows and dry stony slopes. 1200-2200 m.
Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Everywhere. 1200-4000 m.
P. callidice (Hubner, [1800]). 3. Common, but local. Dry stony slopes, meadows, rocky places. 1200-3800 m.
Nymphalidae
Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763). 1. Local. Bushy areas. 1200-2500 m.
Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Everywhere. 1200-3500 m. A. niobe (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2. Common. Meadows and steppes. 1200-2800 m.
A. aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758). 1. Local. Meadows. 1700-2700 m.
Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Everywhere. 1200-3200 m.
Brenthis hecate ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775). 2, 3. Common. Steppes, dry meadows. 1700-2700 m.
Boloria erubescens (Staudinger, 1901). 1, 3. Common, but local. Meadows and steppes. 2500-3500 m.
B. generator (Staudinger, 1886). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Meadows, stony slopes, small mountainous swamps. 2500-4000
m.
Nymphalis vau-album ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775). 1, 2. Local. Bushy areas, river valleys. 1500-2500 m.
N. xanthomelas ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775). 1. Local. Bushy areas and river valleys. 1200-3000 m.
Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Everywhere. 1200-4000 m.
Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Everywhere. 1200-4000 m.
Melitaea didyma (Esper, [1779]). 1. Local. Dry meadows and steppes. 1200-2000 m.
M. ala Staudinger, 1881. 1, 2, 3. Common. Meadows and steppes. 1500-2500 m.
M. kotshubeji Sheljuzhko, 1929. 1. Local. Dry meadows and steppes. 1700-2400 m.
M. fergana Staudinger, 1882. 1. Very local. Dry steppes, dry meadows, stony slopes. 1700-2700 m.
M. minerva Staudinger, 1881. 1, 2. Common. Meadows and steppes. 2000-3500 m.
M. pallas Staudinger, 1886. 1, 3. Local. Meadows and steppes. 2300-3700 m.
M. palamedes Grum-Grshimailo, 1890. 1. Very local. Dry meadows. 2000-2700 m.
M. sibina Alpheraky, 1881. 1, 2, 3. Very common. Meadows and steppes. 1200-2500 m.
M. cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758). 1. Local. Meadows. 1700-2500 m.
Satyridae
Marginarge eversmanni (Eversmann, 1847). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Mostly bushy places. 1200-2500 m. Melanargia parce Staudinger, 1882. 1, 2, 3. Very common. Steppes, dry meadows. 1200-2500 m. Disommata nolckeni (Erschoff, 1874). 1, 2. Local. Meadows, steppes. 2000-3000 m.
Chortobius sunbecca (Eversmann, 1843). 1, 2, 3. Common. Various open areas: meadows, steppes, dry slopes. 15003000 m.
C. pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2, 3. Common. Steppes, meadows, open areas. 1200-1800 m. Paralasa kusnezovi (Avinov, 1910). 2. Very local, rare. Dry stony slopes, rocks. 1500-3000 m. Erebia mopsos Staudinger, 1886. 1, 2. Common. Meadows. 2500-4000 m.
E. sokolovi Lukhtanov, 1990. 3. Local. Alpine meadows. 2700-3400 m.
Karanasa wilkinsi (Erschoff, 1881). 3. Local and rare. Dry stony areas. 2500-3500 m.
K. decolorata (Staudinger, 1901). 3. Very local. Stony steppes and dry meadows. 2500-3000 m.
K. praestans Avinov & Sweadner, 1951. 1. Very local and rare. Dry stony steppes. 2000-3000 m.
K. abramovi (Erschoff, 1884). 3. Local. Steppes, dry stony meadows. 2000-3000 m.
Hipparchia autonoe (Esper, [1793]). 2. Common, but local. Dry meadows, steppes. 1300-2000 m.
Chazara briseis (Linnaeus, 1764). 2, 3. Common. Dry meadows, steppes. 1200-2500 m.
C. enervata (Staudinger, 1881). 1. Common. Everywhere. 1200-2500 m.
C. kauffmanni (Erschoff, 1874). 2, 3. Local. Dry meadows, steppes. 1200-2200 m.
Pseudochazara turkestana (Grum-Grshimailo, 1893). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Dry meadows, steppes. 1200-2500 m. Satyrus ferula (Fabricius, 1793). 2, 3. Local. Steppes. 1500-2700 m.
Hyponephele lycaon (Rottemburg, 1775). 2. Very local. Dry meadows and steppes. 1200-1800 m. H. lupina(Costa, [1836]). 3. Local. Dry meadows and steppes. 1200-2500 m.
H. dysdora (Lederer, [1869]). 2, 3. Very common. Dry meadows and steppes. 1200-2500 m. H. latistigma (Moore, 1893). 2. Local. Dry meadows. 1600-2000 m.
H. hilaris (Staudinger, 1886). 1, 2, 3. Local. Various open places (meadows, steppes, dry stony slopes etc.). 2000-3300 m.
H. glasunovi (Grum-Grshimailo, 1893). 2, 3. Very local. Steppes. 1500-2500 m.
H. haberhaueri (Staudinger, 1886). 2. Local. Dry meadows and steppes. 1200-2300 m.
H. naubidensis (Erschoff, 1874). 1, 2, 3. Common. Meadows, steppes, other open dry places. 1200-2500 m.
Lycaenidae
Fixsenia acaudata (Staudinger, 1901). 2, 3. Very local, common. Dry slopes and steppe stations. 1200-2300 m.
Neolycaena baidula Zhdanko, 2000. 2, 3. Very local. Dry stony slopes, steppes. 1500-2500 m.
N. suusamyra Korb, 2010. 1. Very local. Dry stony slopes, steppes. 2000-2700 m.
N. sinensis (Alpheraky, 1881). 1, 2. Very local. Dry stony slopes, steppes. 1200-2200 m.
Lycaenaphlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Various meadows and steppes. 1200-3600 m.
L. thersamon (Esper, [1784]). 3. Very local. Dry meadows and steppes. 1200-2300 m.
L. solskyi (Erschoff, 1874). 2, 3. Very local. Dry meadows and steppes, stony slopes. 1200-2500 m.
L. splendens (Staudinger, 1881). 3. Local, common. Dry meadows and steppes. 1500-2700 m.
L. margelanica (Staudinger, 1881). 1, 2, 3. Common. Steppes and dry meadows. 1200-2500 m.
Athamanthia dilutior (Staudinger, 1881). 2. Local, but very common. Dry stony slopes, steppes, dry meadows. 12002000 m.
Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775). 1. Very local, very common. Meadows and steppes. 1200-2500 m. Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758). 1, 2, 3. Local. Woodlands. 1200-2500 m.
Pseudophilotes vicrama (Moore, 1865). 1, 2, 3. Very common, but sometimes local. Dry meadows, steppes. 1200-3000 m. Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761). 2. Local. Grassy biotopes. 1200-2200 m. G. aeruginosa (Staudinger, 1881). 2. Local. Meadows (mostly dry). 1700-3000 m.
Phengaris alcon ([Denis & Schiffermüller], [1775]). 1. Local, but common. Dry stony slopes, dry meadows and steppes. 1200-2500 m.
P. cyanecula (Eversmann, 1848). 1, 2. Very local. Dry meadows, steppes. 1200-2300 m.
Turanana panaegides (Staudinger, 1886). 3. Very local and rare. Various dry biotopes: steppes, open stony slopes, meadows. 1200-2500 m.
Plebeius idas (Linnaeus, 1761). 1, 2, 3. Common. Meadows, steppes. 1200-2500 m.
P. maracandica (Erschoff, 1874). 3. Very rare and local. Dry open biotopes. 1200-1500 m.
Afarsia sieversi (Christoph, 1873). 1, 2, 3. Common. Dry open places like meadows and steppes. 1200-2500 m.
Rueckbeilia fergana (Staudinger, 1881). 1, 2, 3. Common. Stony open places: meadows, steppes. 1200-2300 m.
Agriades pheretiades (Eversmann, 1843). 3. Local. Meadows. 2500-3500 m.
Aricia agestis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], [1775]). 1, 2, 3. Very common. Meadows, steppes. 1200-3000 m. A. artaxerxes (Fabricius, 1793). 1. Local. Dry meadows. 1700-2700 m.
Alpherakya sartus (Alpheraky, 1881). 1, 2, 3. Local, but common. Dry meadows and steppes. 1200-2500 m.
Eumedonia eumedon (Esper, [1780]). 1, 2, 3. Common. Meadows, steppes, semideserts. 1200-4000 m.
E. persephatta (Alpheraky, 1881). 1. Very local. Meadows. 2000-3000 m.
Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775). 1. Local. Meadows and steppes. 1200-3400 m.
P. icadius (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890). 1, 2, 3. Common. Meadows and steppes. 1200-3000 m.
P. ripartii(Freyer, 1830). 2, 3. Local. Steppes and dry meadows. 1200-2500 m.
P. iphigenides (Staudinger, 1886). 2. Local, rare. Meadows, stony slopes, steppes. 1200-2500 m.
P. amandus (Schneider, 1792). 2, 3. Local. Open places. 1200-2500 m.
Acknowledgments
I am greatly indebted to Dr. A.V. Sviridov, Dr. W. Mey, Dr. A.L. Lvovsky, Prof. Dr S.Y. Sinev to organize access to curated collections. I am also very thankful to my friends A.Shaposhnikov and J.Packalen who accompanied me in some of my trips.
References
Korb, S.K. (2010). Butterflies of Suusamyr valley with descriptions of two new species of blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Alaisky zoologichesky zhurnal, 2010, 31 -40.
Tshikolovets, V.V. (2005). Butterflies of Kyrgyzstan. Kyiv-Brno: Tshikolovets Publications.
Toropov, S.A., & Zhdanko, A.B. (2007). The butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Dzhungar, Tien Shan, Alai and Eastern Pamirs. Vol. 1. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae. Bishkek: Al Salam.
Toropov, S.A., & Zhdanko, A.B. (2009). The butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Dzhungar, Tien Shan, Alai and Eastern Pamirs. Vol. 1. Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Lybitheidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae. Bishkek: Al Salam.
Citation:
Korb, S.K. (2018). Butterfly fauna of Dzhumagal-Too mountain ridge in Kyrgyzstan (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea). Acta Biologica Sibirica, 4(2), 53—60. Submitted: 28.07.2016. Accepted: 27.11.2017 irossre^ittp://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v4i2.4124
© 2017 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
