CC BY
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новые туристские центры
new tourist centers
UDC 379.85
DOI: 10.24411/1995-0411-2020-10308
Vladimir A. PODSOLONKO
V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University (Simferopol, Republic of Crimea) PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Economics, Professor
Elena A. PODSOLONKO
V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University (Simferopol, Republic of Crimea) PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Economics, Professor; e-mail: eapodsolonko@gmail.com
BASICS FOR ESTABLISHING SPECIALIZED CENTERS OF KIDS' ENTERTAINMENT TOURISM
Abstract. Using the example of the natural potential of the Republic of Crimea, the authors considers modern possibilities of implementing of the Russian Federation President's Orders on the development of children's tourism in the constituent entities of the Federal Districts of the country. Schoolteachers play important educational of in the processes of forming a child's personality in childhood. The author emphasizes the importance of children's tourism based on recreation, games, and entertainment in the physical and intellectual development of children. The article substates the need for a network of specialized centers of the children' physical and intellectual development in the municipal territories of the subjects using the experience of the best schools, with their subsequent transformation into the Centers for Children's Specialized Tourism. For systemic management and purposeful interaction, the authors propose to unite the Centers into the Crimean Children's Tourism Cluster. The conditions for the share participation of enterprises and organizations of the Crimea and other subjects of the Russian Federation in investing in the processes of creating and operating the material base of the Centers for Children's Specialized Tourism are shown. The necessity of motivating the participants in the creation and functioning of the Centers is substantiated. The decisions of the heads of the constituent entities of the Federal Districts on the development of children's tourism in their municipal territories play important role. The article proposes to create a special section on the children's tourism development of in the regional state program Development of tourism on the territory of the subject for the period up to 2035. The protection of the local budget is provided based on considering all the results of the activities of children's tourism organizations. The article shows directions of the necessary training and retraining of personnel serving children's tourism. The composition of technical and economic indicators that characterize the components of the quality of life, affecting the life expectancy of a person is proposed. The most important of them, generated by the development of children's tourism in the municipal territories of the subjects: the number of new jobs; the number of accommodation places for children and adults put into operation at the centers of specialized children's tourism; the number of trainees trained in the system of training and retraining of personnel in the professions of workers and employees who are in demand for serving children's tourism; the amount of monetary income per capita and its increment; the number of educators and school teachers involved in the creation and operation of specialized children's tourism centers; increment of the local budget. The possibility of motivated administration of the work of Children's Tourism Centers according to these indicators was noted.
Keywords: children's tourism, recreation and entertainment, personality, education, interaction, motivation, development, systems approach, management.
Citation: Podsolonko, V. A., & Podsolonko, E. A. (2020). Basics for establishing specialized centers of kids' entertainment tourism. Service and Tourism: Current Challenges, 14(3), 92-103. doi: 10.24411/19950411-2020-10308.
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Accepted 10 September 2020 the author(s).
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УДК 379.85
DOI: 10.24411/1995-0411-2020-10308
ПОДСОЛОНКО Владимир Андреевич
Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского (Симферополь, Респ. Крым, РФ); доктор экономических наук, профессор;
ПОДСОЛОНКО Елена Адольфовна
Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского (Симферополь, Респ. Крым, РФ);
доктор экономических наук, профессор; e-mail: eapodsolonko@gmail.com
ОСНОВЫ СОЗДАНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ ЦЕНТРОВ ДЕТСКОГО РАЗВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОГО ТУРИЗМА
На примере природного потенциала Республики Крым рассмотрены современные возможности реализации Поручений Президента Российской Федерации по развитию детского туризма в субъектах Федеральных округов страны. Показана высокая воспитательная роль школьных преподавателей в процессах формирования личности ребенка в детском возрасте. Подчеркивается большое значение детского туризма на основе отдыха, игр и развлечений в физическом и интеллектуальном развитии детей. Дается обоснование необходимости формирования сети специализированных центров физического и интеллектуального развития детей на муниципальных территориях субъектов с использованием опыта лучших школ, с их последующим преобразованием в Центры детского специализированного туризма. Для системного управления и целенаправленного взаимодействия предлагается объединить Центры в Кластер детского туризма Крыма. Показаны условия паевого участия предприятий и организаций Крыма и других субъектов РФ в инвестировании процессов создания и эксплуатации материальной базы. Обоснована необходимость мотивации участников создания и функционирования Центров физического и интеллектуального развития, Центров детского специализированного туризма и Кластера детского туризма Крыма. Показана важная роль решений руководителей субъектов Федеральных округов о развитии детского туризма на их муниципальных территориях. Предложено создать специальный раздел о развитии детского туризма в региональной государственной программе Развитие туризма на территории субъекта на период до 2035 г. Предусмотрена защита местного бюджета на основе учета всех результатов деятельности организаций детского туризма. Показаны направления необходимой подготовки и переподготовки персонала, обслуживающего детский туризм. Предложен состав технико-экономических показателей, характеризующих составляющие уровня качества жизни, влияющих на продолжительность жизни человека. Важнейшие из них, порождаемые развитием детского туризма на муниципальных территориях субъектов: число новых рабочих мест; число мест размещения для детей и взрослых, введенных в эксплуатацию при центрах специализированного детского туризма; число обученных слушателей по системе подготовки и переподготовки персонала по профессиям рабочих и служащих, востребованных для обслуживания детского туризма; величина денежных доходов на душу населения и ее приращение; количество воспитателей и учителей школ, вовлеченных в процессы создания и функционирования центров специализированного детского туризма; приращение местного бюджета. Отмечена возможность мотивированного управления работой Центров детского туризма по этим показателям.
Ключевые слова: детский туризм, отдых и развлечения, личность человека, воспитание, взаимодействие, мотивация, развитие, системный подход, управление.
Для цитирования: Подсолонко В.А., Подсолонко Е.А. Основы создания специализированных центров детского развлекательного туризма // Современные проблемы сервиса и туризма. 2020. Т.14. №3. С. 92-103. DOI: 10.24411/1995-0411-2020-10308.
Дата поступления в редакцию: 21 августа 2020 г. Дата утверждения в печать: 10 сентября 2020 г.
Introduction. Children and youth tourism are a popular destination in the economy of recreation and health improvement in the world. In the last decade in the Russian Federation, this direction has played an important role in the state policy of the country. On October 11, 2012, an Instruction of the President of the Russian Federation was issued on a set of measures for organizing excursion and tourist trips for students of all levels of educational institutions. On March 2, 2016, Federal Decree No. 49 defines the concept of children's tourism: "tourism of an organized group of underage tourists accompanied by a leader who is responsible for their legal representative." At the disposal of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 20, 2019 No. 2129 "Strategy for the development of tourism in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035" the concept of "youth tourism" has been formulated as tourism of persons aged 18 - 35 years.
The preferences of the children's and youth level can differ significantly both in the types of recreation and entertainment, and in the organization of their implementation, and in many cases, in the technical means of their implementation. Therefore, even before the official demarcation of the contingent in children's and youth tourism, its actual implementation was mainly separate, as evidenced by numerous publications in this direction.
The objective of the article is to systematize the foundations of the development of children's tourism on the example of specialized entertainment centers. To achieve the goal, it is necessary: to identify natural and human resources for children's tourism in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, to show the principles of involving the potential of children's tourism in its real functioning. Forms and methods of organizing children's tourism in the constituent entities: creation of specialized children's tourism centers in the municipal territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; the formation of clusters of children's tourism in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; ensuring motivated management of the processes of creation and functioning of children's tourism organizations in the municipal territories of the constituent entities
of the Russian Federation. The applied forms and methods are based on a systematic approach to ensuring the advanced development of children's tourism in the Russian Federation [1 - 6].
Analysis of the structure of children's tourism in Russia
The classification of children's tourism has more applied than scientific significance [7]. On its basis, it is possible to structure the development of children's tourism in all subjects of the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation, in their municipal territories.
Analysis of domestic publications on children's tourism using the example of 100 publications mostly over the last 5 - 10 years, showed that 31% of them concern specific territories of the Russian Federation, mainly the level of subjects of Federal Districts (region, republic, territory), with the exception of one example for the village of Dergachi in the Saratov region [8] and in three cities with a special status - Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sevastopol. The prevailing type of children's tourism is given for individual territories. In total, the types of children's tourism occupy 37% of the 100 analyzed indicators, making up 13 groups that overlap in the names of species and territories of their implementation.
The most representative group is health tourism - 15, educational - 6, physical education and sports - 4, environmental and social - 3, and another 8 positions - historical, patriotic, excursion, educational, cultural, hiking, industrial and international. If in youth tourism, as a separate type, "entertainment tourism" according to the international typology is presented [9], then it is not found among the analyzed materials on children's tourism. This does not mean that there is no real entertainment tourism for children.
In Moscow, St. Petersburg and in many regional, republican, regional and district centers, children's entertainment centers have been created with a wide range of options for active recreation and entertainment. It is to these centers that children flock not only from the cities in which they are located, but also from other nearby settlements. Whole school classes come by buses and trains. Often such centers are created at large
trade organizations and are called shopping and entertainment centers. Two types of tourism intersect here - adult shopping tourism and children's entertainment. Optimizing their ratio is a difficult management task for the heads of such centers, as well as identifying a place for tourism here.
Perhaps it is no coincidence that 50% of the analyzed publications refer to various aspects of the management of children's tourism. At the same time, only 1% of them touched upon the issues of safety in the organization of children's tourism [10] and 3% - its legal support. These last 2 figures almost indirectly answered the question of what led to the deaths of dozens of schoolchildren who specially arrived from the nearby town in whole classes on ordered buses to the Zim-nyaya Vishnya shopping and entertainment center in the regional center of Kemerovo and burned alive in it 25 - 26.03.20181.
Almost half of the noted 50% of publications cover general problems of the formation and functioning of the system and socio-economic mechanism for managing the development of children's tourism. On the one hand, their number (24) demonstrations of the great importance of these problems for the development of children's tourism, and on the other hand, the need to improve and improve its management.
In many ways, it is precisely these tasks for tourism in the Russian Federation, including children's tourism, that the previously mentioned Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 20, 2019 No. 21-29 is devoted to. "On the strategy of tourism development in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025". It should be especially noted that in the Strategy, among the individual types of tourism requiring special measures of state support, children's tourism is assigned to the first position. Only after it are listed and considered cultural, educational, ski, cruise, ecological and business types of tourism. Naturally, these and other types of tourism are in a certain relationship and interpenetration. For example, back in the early 70s of the last century, a children's
1 Sud po delu o pojare v TC „Zimnyaya visgnya" v Kemerove. Rossiyskaya gazeta. URL: rg.ru/su-jet/5993/. (In Russ.).
ski school existed in the ski center of Georgia in Bakuriani. Modern ski centers in Europe, USA, Australia offer the services of children's ski schools. Qualified trainers teach children, individually or in groups, the basics, or professional skills of skiing. The training takes place in specially designated areas for debutants and on all resort tracks, considering the level of the child's training. This specific example clearly shows the relationship between the types of tourism.
Personal development as the main task of children's tourism
The Strategy defines 3 main functions of children's tourism: personality development (education and upbringing, recreation, and health improvement. At the same time, it emphasizes the great importance of the development and implementation of the classification of types of children's tourism, the implementation in this direction of a complex of research works.
The main thing in the content of the Strategy is the section containing tools for tourism development. Among them is the support by the state of territories capable of creating a competitive tourist product. Our task is to show the possibilities of creating such a product in one of the types of children's tourism - entertainment, using the example of the recreational macro-region of the Republic of Crimea.
An analysis of the types of entertainment in stationary amusement parks in the countries of the world and in the largest cities of Russia shows their high saturation with various attractions, on the one hand, the very high cost of all means of implementing these entertainment, on the other hand, and, accordingly, their rather expensive visit. A significant drawback of such centers can be considered the lack of focus on fulfilling the function of children's tourism mentioned in the Strategy - personal development, both from the standpoint of training and education, and even more so - health improvement. Small-scale, but often specialized entertainment centers generally do not have the noted disadvantages. In them, children, youth, and adults can learn skills in rock climbing, gymnastics, fencing, archery, swimming, etc. Despite the lower cost of a one-time visit to such
centers, their target orientation has more value for users and can influence the formation of the personality of both future athletes and active vacationers.
Shopping and entertainment complexes do not follow the path of creating Disney Lands. They try to combine individual and collective forms of entertainment, create ice arenas for skating and figure skating, hockey. This type of recreation and entertainment is in demand among the local population.
In some shopping centers, swimming pools, go-kart tracks are being created, which carry a large load to attract visitors. It is appropriate here to cite an advertisement for a large shopping center in Huntsville, Alabama, USA, inviting visitors to use convenient car parks, clean and long corridors and balconies, with escalators for slow and fast walking in a comfortable environment. It is important to attract visitors regardless of place of residence, the main task is to sell goods and services.
In a few entertainment centers, it is difficult to classify visitors into the local population and visiting tourists and vacationers. For example, the Skazka zoo in Yalta is mainly visited by visitors who have a rest in numerous sanatoriums, boarding houses, and hotels on the southern coast of Crimea. However, it is very controversial to say that the entire revenue of the zoo from its visitors is the volume of the tourist product. Similarly, the other zoo of the same entrepreneur Oleg Zubk-ov "Taigan Lions Park", located near the city Belogorsk on the territory of the former military unit. There are hotels here, the cost of living in which, of course, can be attributed to tourism. But most of the park's visitors do not use the hotel, they live in Crimea or in health resorts, while on vacation. Naturally, the question arises here: is it important and is it necessary to clearly distinguish tourism from recreation and entertainment? Does it not work out here, as in Ilchenko and Kartsev's interlude on the theory of relativity: relative to a seat in a car, we sit and relax, and relative to a road, we move and travel?
Considering the high social significance of the influence of children's tourism on the development of society based on the implementation of its main function - personal
development, it is important to identify the contribution of education, upbringing, recreation and health improvement to it. The importance of solving this problem should not be underestimated, so as not to get the degradation of the personality instead of its development. Therefore, considering specific types of entertainment and recreation involved in children's tourism, one should constantly analyze their influence not only on the growth of the volume of the tourist product, but also on their possible manifestation in the formation or degradation of the personality. Here, normative restrictions are permissible in quantitative or qualitative parameters of specific entertainments, the possibility of their combination with other types, their optimal ratios and sequence of application.
The potential of the Republic of Crimea for the development of children's tourism
The review of the Strategy emphasizes that "the Government sees potential for tourism development in the Republic of Crimea". Of course, this applies to all types of tourism, including children. Therefore, it is necessary to substantively identify the content of this potential, its possibilities for all municipal territories of Crimea.
In the first positions of the potential available in Crimea is the climatic resource, characterized by the number of sunny days per year, average air temperature by months of the year, air humidity, direction and strength of wind, healing properties of coastal and mountain-steppe air, sea and lake water. Of course, all these characteristics individually and collectively differ significantly from most territories of the Russian Federation for the better, which attracts the population of the country's regions to rest in Crimea. However, historically, the position of using for recreation only the best part of this potential, mainly on the southern coast and only partially on the west. The entire coastal zone of northern Crimea is almost never used for recreation and health improvement, or for tourism.
Upon completion of the construction of the modern Tavrida highway crossing the entire Crimea from Kerch to Sevastopol, in August 2020, Russian President V.V. Putin announced his support for its further development. In this regard, one can hope to
accelerate the solution of the problem of tourism development on the northern coast of Crimea. At the same time, if you wait for centralized decisions and specific initiatives of the first leader of the country to implement all tasks and achieve all the goals of the Strategy, you may not have time to implement them at the level of municipal territories for today's generation of children.
Therefore, at the level of local self-government bodies in the territories of existing recreational resources, primarily coastal ones, it is necessary to begin work on their development within the framework of the objectives of the Strategy. Oddly enough, but it is children's tourism that can play the role of a catalyst for the development of domestic and inbound tourism, and, as a result, a multiplier for the development of the local economy. This is explained, first of all, by the presence in most of the centers of local self-government of schools and preschool children's institutions, teams of teachers and educators, who also perform the most important functions of personality development, training and education in tourism.
In our case, considering, as a key, the direction of development of children's tourism, its educational opportunities in the development of personality, it is possible to set the priorities and sequence of connecting academic disciplines and their teachers to the solution of the main task. Obviously, the first such discipline should be physical education, which permeates all years of schooling in various forms of manifestation. There is no doubt that the physical condition of a student often serves as the basis for his mental performance in all academic disciplines, and even after graduation. To solve this problem, all schools have gyms, playgrounds, and stadiums. Are children interested in physical education lessons? Is it a joy for them or a burden? Do they attract or repel? How do children feel psychologically, having different physical training, different natural data, different inclinations, and abilities in mastering physical and sports skills? Why are some children and their parents looking for reasons not to attend physical education classes? Perhaps because teachers do not really know the art of physically forming a personality. They cannot approach dif-
ferentiated to the possibilities and their manifestation in every student. One size fit all! It is no coincidence that sprinters differ from stayers, long jumpers differ from high jumpers or pole vaulters, gymnasts, and acrobats from weightlifters. Identifying such differences in the physical capabilities of children is a difficult and important task for teachers at all stages of working with children.
It cannot be argued that physical education teachers are prepared to solve such problems while still in university. To eliminate this gap at the Faculty of Physical Education, for example, at the KFU V. I. Vernadsky in Simferopol, it is necessary to introduce special sections in all sports disciplines on methods of identifying and further developing the natural abilities of each student in a specific type of active recreation and sports. These methods should consider the psychological characteristics of the reaction of each student to the test results. To maintain confidence in their abilities to develop physically and intellectually, any test taker should have a differentiated assessment of each test, in which at least five positions on a 100-point system can be shown the currently available levels of capabilities.
Approximately this approach existed in our country back in the 50-60s of the last century. At children's and youth sports schools, such functions were performed by a medical and physical dispensary. For each participant of any sports section, information was accumulated on the main characteristics of his physical condition, on the dynamics of their change over time. They included weight, height, lung capacity, blood pressure, pulse, hand strength, and body strength. In addition to them, during general physical training, many coaches kept records of the athletic level of students in the sections, measuring for each participant the number of pull-ups on the bar, the number of leg lifts to an angle when hanging on the bar, the number of push-ups, the number of leg lifts in a right angle while lying on the back. the number of squats in the "pistol" on each leg, the length of the jump with two legs from a standstill, the length of the running jump into a pit with sand, the height of the jump by leaping over and in other ways, the time to overcome sprint distances in running at 60, 100 and 200
m, longer distances and crosses. Comparing the characteristics of the physical state with the results of the sports level in dynamics, it was possible to regulate the volumes of achieving the desired sports level without risking health indicators.
In the context of a general education school, the task is not to achieve high sports results by students, but to develop them as comprehensively as possible, which makes it possible to form and develop personal potential at all stages of the life path without its distortions.
For each age group, even from preschool institutions, for each type of physical exercise, its own parameters should be established for their implementation and for the expected results. The number of exercises should increase gradually, starting, for example, from 3 for children 3 - 5 years old, rising to 4 at 6 years old, up to 5 at 7 - 8 years old, up to 6 at 9 years old, 7 at 10 years old, 8 at 11 years old , 9 at 12 and 10 at 13 and more years. However, for each age group in one institution, the results should be reported separately. The highest result of the year is estimated at 100 points, and the rest - In proportion to it.
In addition to attempts to assess the physical potential and the level of its use, it is important for each student to see its other opportunities associated with various games - basketball, badminton, tennis, football, rounders, towns, as well as with intellectual activities - chess, checkers. In this case, not the games, but their elements may be subject to assessment. For example, the number of hits of the ball in a basketball hoop from 10 times, a shuttlecock and a tennis ball in the squares in the corners of the opposite part of the court, similar to a volleyball, and at the upper and lower corners of the goal - a soccer ball, the number of towns knocked out with ten bats, the total distance of the ball landing after ten strokes with rounders.
In games of chess and checkers, the number of wins in a circular system can also be considered. For educational institutions with a good floor covering in gyms and on sports grounds, it is possible and necessary to cultivate specialized sports equipment popular in recent decades among children, adolescents and youth - skateboards, scooters, roller skates and skis, bicycles, etc.
Opportunities for specialized children's recreation and tourism in Crimea
The experience of the two Baltic countries in the past as Soviet republics has shown the possibility of creating specialized centers for active recreation. In Lithuania it is a year-round ski center, while in Estonia it is a year-round swimming pool with a transparent roof. Similar structures were built on the territory of the Republic of Crimea, considering the relief and climatic capabilities and features. For example, ski resorts can be built on natural slopes in sufficient proximity to the new Tavrida highway. In the eastern part of Crimea - near the village of Bagerovo and Lipknekhtovka near Mount Pikhtopai, further to the west - north of the city of Stary Krym, in the Belogorsk region - near the Ploskaya and Kruglaya mountains, or near the village of Rusakovka, in the Simferopol region - near the village of Perevalnoye or near the village of Skvortsovo, in the Bakhchisarai region near the village of Glubokiy Yar or near the abandoned settlement of Gorka.
If mountainous terrain is preferable for ski centers, then indoor water complexes need proximity to the sea, bay, lake to take advantage of the healing properties of their water. Such opportunities exist along the Tavrida motorway for the first 40% of its length, and even more along the railway. It is assumed that such centers for water recreation, entertainment and sports should be created not in cities and towns, but near some of them, allowing the population of all ages in nearby settlements to use their opportunities. There can be 10 or more such centers, at 20 - 30 km from each other, so that the most distant settlements are at a maximum of 15 - 20 km from them. This will make it possible to bring students in an organized manner, even on school buses, for specialized classes.
Such centers should be focused not only on the local population. With them, it is advisable to create a complex of accommodation and catering facilities for visitors with all SPA procedures. Since the pool will have a transparent roof, allowing sunbathing even in winter and getting the necessary portion of tanning, a beach recreation area can be created around it, allowing its fans not to travel to the Maldives during the winter months. The pro-
jects of such centers can consider all modern possibilities of both passive and active recreation and entertainment on the water, regardless of the season.
Only on the Kerch Peninsula there can be at least 3 such centers: in the area of Lake Chokrak in the Marine Corps Bay of the Azov Sea near the village of Kurortny and 15 km from the outskirts of Kerch; on the shores of the Kazantip Bay of the Azov Sea between the villages of Nizhnezamorskoye and Novootrad-noye, 3 km from the center of Kerch by rail and 22 km from the regional center of Lenino; in the Arabat Gulf of the Azov Sea near the village. Kamenskoye, 25 km west of the regional center of Lenino and 25 km north of Feodosia. On the Tarkhankut Peninsula, in its southern part, between the villages of Okunevka and Maryino, a large sea recreation center can be created.
Historically, in the development of the southwestern Crimea in the region of Evpa-toria, the predominance of children's recreation. At present, the excessive saturation of various children's institutions for recreation and recreation in it can be reduced by the creation of year-round centers for water recreation and entertainment outside Evpatoria. The Black Sea coast west of Evpatoria up to the shores of Lake Donuzlav and the village. Mirny in the Saki region allows creating 2 - 3 such centers with a constant workload of their children, both from the schools of Yevpatoria itself and their dozens of schools in the surrounding settlements.
The western coast of the Black Sea from Simferopol and Bakhchisarai almost to the vicinity of Sevastopol for more than 30 km can also be very promising for the creation of such centers from Nikolaevka to Kacha. And here the loading of centers by children of only schools in the Saki, Simferopol and Bakhchisarai districts will always be full. Therefore, for children of schools, the cities of Saki, Simferopol, Bakhchisarai and Sevastopol, several additional such centers will be required.
The North coast of the Black Sea in the Crimea and the Sivash Bay deserves special consideration. In the bays of the Black Sea, centers can be located for children of the Razdolnensky and Krasnoperekopsky districts,
and Sivash for the Dzhankoy, Nizhnegorsky, Sovetsky and Kirovsky districts.
Apparently, the composition of such water recreation and entertainment centers should include pools for the youngest visitors
- children 3 - 6 years old, for primary school students 7 - 10 years old and ordinary swimming pools 15: 25 m. In addition, there should be separate pools with a water carousel for water skiing, surfing. Pools with waveforms for surfing and inflatables are also required. Jacuzzis, Finnish and Russian steam rooms, salt rooms and chilled water pools, etc. are created separately. In addition, additional pools with aqua park entertainment are possible.
What entertainments can be of interest to children mastering water recreation? Somersault in water forward and backward, handstand in water up to the waist, float in a tuck, lying on the chest and on the back, sliding from the push from the bottom on the chest and on the back, the same with the push from the side, scuba diving from the push from the bottom to a distance and for a while. Other types of entertainment may appear, the imagination of children is not limited.
For children who have mastered swimming, competitions in the types of swimming are already available - a crawl on the chest and on the back, a breaststroke on the chest and on the back, butterfly - a dolphin, respectively, without fins and with fins. Mastering water skiing and surfing gives a completely new color to active recreation on the water. If pools with water park entertainment such as funnels, slides with a loop, with a springboard, etc. are also created, then they are very specialized in themselves, but for each of them you can take into account the length of the slide after them in the pool on the water.
For the organization of summer children's inbound tourism for Crimea with water entertainment, the considered year-round water complexes will not be enough. We need outdoor pools, beaches, water slides, water carousels, piers, etc., and most importantly
- accommodation and catering facilities for visiting children with all the necessary amenities and infrastructure. Here, labor training of schoolchildren, led by labor teachers from all schools that use the facilities of water recre-
ation and entertainment centers, can play a significant role.
Directions of organizational support for the
development of children's tourism
If you expect centralized solutions and investments in the creation of such complexes for year-round and seasonal use, then today's children may not wait for their construction. Only the initiative of local self-government bodies to organize the employment of entrepreneurs of all ages in using the available recreational resources will solve the problem.
Schools here can act as catalysts in solving this problem, since the children studying in them are the main consumers of the services of such complexes, and in the future they are also the main executors in the provision of these services. Labor teachers can act, on the one hand, as organizers of entrepreneurs for the creation of small enterprises specializing in individual components of the formation of such complexes and their infrastructure, and on the other hand, as a grassroots link in teaching construction skills in individual elements of the formation of recreation complexes and their functioning. Moreover, together with entrepreneurs, they can organize an interschool vocational school for senior pupils of these schools, allowing them to officially acquire the professions of workers and employees in all specialties in demand here. This is a significant role of labor teachers in the formation of the personality of high school students, focused on participating in the creation of a modern industry of recreation, entertainment, and children's tourism.
The above examples of creating a physical and professional base for the development of the personality of children on the basis of recreation and entertainment and the formation of material conditions for children's tourism in this direction are of high social importance and solve an important problem voiced by the President of the Russian Federation - increasing the life expectancy of the population based on improving its quality. The task is super-global, and it is difficult to single out a clear place in it for the considered issues, and at the same time they cannot be implemented without investment. As a rule, any construction in municipal territories concerning children - the construction of schools and
preschool institutions - is carried out at the expense of budgetary funding. In this case, these are interschool and intermunicipal units of physical and labor education, mainly of regional subordination, and in the aggregate -of the Republic of Crimea. Therefore, at the level of the republic, investment issues can be raised at the expense of the construction budget of all the considered structures.
The issues discussed affect the interests of at least two departments in Crimea - the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Resorts and Tourism. Without combining their efforts, the problem cannot be comprehensively solved. The initial link -education and physical education of children - is, of course, educational activities in specific conditions that must be created in specific municipal territories. The formation of such conditions, considering the climatic features of the Crimea, allows them to be used more efficiently only by children of these territories, but also by children who come from the regions of Russia. In this regard, it becomes necessary to build accommodation and catering facilities with their infrastructure for visiting children, and this is already the function of the Ministry of Resorts and Tourism together with the Ministry of Construction and Architecture.
In this regard, it becomes necessary to create a cluster of municipal centers for children's tourism, recreation and entertainment, which will take on the functions of solving the problems of the formation and functioning of such centers in the municipal territories of Crimea. One of the first tasks of this cluster is the development and implementation of a long-term financing program for the development of children's recreational recreation and tourism in Crimea. This program should provide for the possibility of partnership between enterprises and organizations in supporting the development of a material base for recreation and entertainment for the children of their employees, for the professional and physical development of their personalities. It should provide for contacts with both organizations of the Crimean regions and mainland Russia. Interaction can include not only a financial contribution to a joint business, but also rotational work with their own
equipment in the creation and development of the noted material base. Such members will have priority in placing the children of their employees on vacation.
The main problem requiring a well-grounded solution is the creation of a mechanism for real motivation of the leaders of municipal territories in the implementation of all the processes considered. For them, it will be empty chores if there is no corresponding increase in the local budget. A well-known example of the village of Teri-berka in the Murmansk region, where tourist flows pass by the local budget, and the head of local government does not see a way out of this situation.
Since these processes on the northern coast of Crimea have not yet been taken over by more active businessmen from the mainland, an appropriate resolution should be adopted at the level of the Government of the Republic of Crimea. In it, for each municipal territory, there must be permission to create their own enterprises for the construction and operation of marked centers for children's tourism, recreation, and entertainment. Their development for the next 10 - 15 years should be carried out using mutual investments of third parties and their investors interested in this. It is from such enterprises that the previously mentioned cluster of the level of the Republic of Crimea can be formed. As part of the cluster, an enterprise should be created that provides, on the basis of leasing, all municipal divisions for the period of construction of all components of individual complexes of the centers they create with hotel modules, construction equipment, vehicles, equipment and inventory for recreation and entertainment.
The ultimate goal of all this great work for each municipal territory, for the Republic of Crimea and for the Russian Federation, voiced by the President of the country - increasing the life expectancy of the country's population - will not appear soon. However, all components of improving the quality of life of the population as a result, affecting its life expectancy, can be monitored annually. These include: an increase in the number of jobs in municipal territories, an increase in the level of monetary income per capita, the number
of children who visited the subdivisions of the municipal recreation and entertainment center by months of the year and per year, incl. from institutions of their own region, from other regions of the RK, from other regions of the Russian Federation, from other countries.
Conclusions
1. Children's tourism is of great importance for the formation of a person's personality, his physical and intellectual potential, has a significant impact on the upbringing and educational components of this process.
2. Each subject of the federal districts of the Russian Federation has natural and cultural resources specific to them, used for children's tourism.
3. The primary role in the use of the resources accumulated by nature and mankind for the modern formation of a person's personality from childhood is played by preschool educators, schoolteachers and teachers, teachers of secondary specialized and professional institutions. Their talent for transforming natural and cultural resources into educational material creates a solid foundation for the formation of a personality during its development.
4. The ability to turn educational materials into a playful and entertaining form facilitates the processes of their assimilation, the acquisition of skills and abilities in their implementation in everyday life, and most importantly, they neutralize the differences (differences) in the natural data of children in both physical and intellectual and psychological parameters.
5. The variety of opportunities to ensure the impact of physical and intellectual education on the formation of a person's personality in childhood makes it impossible to solve this problem comprehensively and in full within the same school in one municipal territory, taking into account the specifics of this diversity and differences of territories, even just in landscape context. Some settlements have direct proximity to the sea, lake, and their bays, while others are in the steppes, in the foothills, next to the forest.
6. Creation of interschool and intermunicipal specialized centers of physical and intellectual development of children of pre-
school institutions, schools and secondary specialized and professional institutions will allow solving the problem of complex formation of a full-fledged personality of a modern person in the subjects of federal districts.
7. Construction of accommodation and catering facilities for children at the created specialized centers will increase their format to centers for children's tourism, recreation, and entertainment, creating conditions, at least, for a weekend getaway.
8. The importance of physical education and labor teachers will go beyond the schools of their main work to the regional and interregional level, to interact with entrepreneurs directly involved in the creation of these centers, as well as their subsequent operation.
9. In local self-government in the territories where the Centers are located, there will be a motivation to increase the local budget due to the activities of such centers, an increase in the employment of the local population in them due to the additional budget that has appeared.
10. Combining the efforts of entrepreneurs who create municipal-level centers in the constituent entities of federal districts, into a cluster of children's tourism, recreation and entertainment, will create a network of infrastructure enterprises of these centers, providing professional and high-quality service.
11. Ensuring the interaction of preschool institutions and schools of federal districts with specialized centers for active recreation, entertainment and tourism and their accommodation and catering facilities allows to strengthen the integration of recreation, entertainment and tourism into the educational and upbringing processes of children of all ages.
12. The systematic approach cultivated here in solving the problem of the formation of a person's personality from childhood creates conditions for fulfilling the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation on the integrated development of children's tourism and requires mandatory initiatives of the heads of the federal districts, their real solutions in this direction.
Recommendations
1. The Government of the Republic of Crimea issues an order in pursuance of the
instructions of the President of the Russian Federation on the development of children's tourism in the constituent entities of Russia and the order of the Government of the Russian Federation "Strategy for the Development of Tourism in the Russian Federation until 2035".
1.1. To develop a special section "Development of children's tourism" as part of the regional state program for the development of tourism in the Republic of Crimea for the period up to 2035.
1.2. Provide for the creation of specialized centers for active recreation, entertainment and tourism in all regions and cities of Crimea based on advanced schools in this area, including accommodation facilities in them.
1.3. To motivate the direct participants and organizers of the creation and operation of such centers with incentive salary increments.
1.4. To support the processes of uniting these centers into a cluster of children's tourism, recreation, and entertainment in Crimea.
1.5. Instruct to a cluster of children's tourism, recreation, and entertainment to involve enterprises and organizations of Crimea and other regions of the Russian Federation in a share participation in investing in the construction of clusters of children's tourism, recreation, and entertainment centers on the condition of providing children of their employees with opportunities for recreation and entertainment after the commissioning of these facilities.
1.6. To ensure the protection of the interests of the budget of local self-government by the appropriate registration of the results of the activities of centers in the municipal territories of their implementation.
2. The heads of the centers, together with the profiling teachers of schools, to form interschool courses for the training and retraining of personnel from among local residents and interested high school students in the professions of workers and employees, in demand in the centers at the current moment and in the future.
3. Introduce the number of children who worked with them daily, weekly, and monthly in man-hours in the number of indicators for
the remuneration of teachers in physical education and labor.
4. Determine the dependence of the remuneration of a specialist responsible in local
self-government for the development of children's tourism in the municipal territory, for the increase in the number of jobs engaged in activities in this direction.
References
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tourdigest
В МОСКВЕ СОЗДАН ПРОЕКТНЫЙ ОФИС ПО РАЗВИТИЮ ДЕТСКОГО ТУРИЗМА
Представители турбизнеса, общественных организаций, российских министерств и ведомств объединились в рабочую группу для решения назревших проблем в сфере детского туризма. Объединение будет работать в формате проектного офиса на базе Российской государственной библиотеки. Помещение предоставило Министерство культуры.
Цели офиса - взаимодействие различных организаций, которые так или иначе имеют отношение к детскому туризму. Туроператоры, министерства - просвещения, транспорта, культуры, внутренних дел и, конечно, Ростуризм, Роспотреб-надзор, Роскачество. В этой сфере накопилось слишком много вопросов, и, чтобы детских туризм в нашей стране существовал, их надо решать. Проектный офис станет площадкой для дискуссий и должен помочь в выработке таких решений, которые обеспечат баланс между работой турбизнеса ибезопасностью детей.
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