CC BY
0
5. Healthcare
Patients with speech impairments use TTS devices to communicate, enhancing their quality of life. Challenges in Text-to-Speech Technology
1. Naturalness and Emotional Expression
Synthesizing speech that conveys emotions or captures the nuances of human intonation remains a challenge. Current research focuses on emotional TTS systems that can adapt to the context of the text.
2. Linguistic Diversity
Supporting multiple languages, dialects, and accents requires extensive training data and linguistic resources.
3. Real-Time Processing
Developing systems that process and generate speech in real time, while maintaining high quality, is computationally intensive. Future Directions
Advancements in AI and NLP are expected to address existing challenges and expand the scope of TTS. Potential areas of research include:
• Multilingual TTS systems capable of seamless language switching.
• Emotionally adaptive TTS for more engaging interactions.
• Lightweight models for real-time processing on mobile devices.
Text-to-Speech technology has emerged as a cornerstone of modern communication, bridging gaps in accessibility and enabling innovative applications across industries. As AI and NLP technologies advance, TTS systems will continue to evolve, offering increasingly natural and versatile solutions. References:
1. Taylor, P. (2009). Text-to-Speech Synthesis. Cambridge University Press.
2. van den Oord, A., et al. (2016). WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audio. DeepMind.
3. Shen, J., et al. (2018). Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictions. Google AI.
4. Dutoit, T. (1997). An Introduction to Text-to-Speech Synthesis. Springer.
5. Henter, G. E., et al. (2017). Deep Learning for Text-to-Speech Synthesis: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing.
© Orunov B., Atayeva B., 2024
УДК 62
Ovezov A.,
student.
Scientific supervisor: Otuzova B.,
teacher.
Oguz han Engineering and Technology university of Turkmenistan.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
ATTACKS ON SOCIAL MEDIA PROGRAMS AND THEIR PROTECTION
Annotation
Social media platforms have transformed how people connect and share information. However, their widespread use has made them prime targets for cyberattacks. This paper examines the common types of attacks
on social media programs, including phishing, malware distribution, and data breaches, while discussing effective protective measures. It also highlights the importance of user education and regulatory frameworks in mitigating risks. Finally, the paper proposes future directions to enhance the security of social media ecosystems.
Key words:
social media security, cyberattacks, phishing, malware, data breaches, privacy protection, cybersecurity strategies.
Social media platforms play a pivotal role in modern communication, with billions of users relying on them for personal, professional, and recreational purposes. However, the very features that make these platforms popular—easy sharing, connectivity, and accessibility—also expose them to cyber threats. Understanding the types of attacks and implementing robust protection strategies is essential to safeguarding user data and platform integrity.
Common Types of Attacks on Social Media Programs
1. Phishing Attacks:
o Cybercriminals send deceptive messages or links to steal login credentials. o Often disguised as messages from trusted contacts or official accounts.
2. Malware Distribution:
o Attackers use links or attachments in posts, messages, or advertisements to spread malicious software. o Malware can compromise personal devices and steal sensitive data.
3. Data Breaches:
o Hackers exploit vulnerabilities in social media systems to access user data, including passwords, personal details, and financial information.
4. Social Engineering Attacks:
o Manipulating users into divulging confidential information by exploiting trust. o Examples include fake profiles and impersonation schemes.
5. Bot Attacks:
o Automated accounts perform malicious activities, such as spreading disinformation or amplifying spam.
6. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks:
o Overloading social media servers to disrupt services. o Often used to damage reputations or demand ransom. Protective Measures for Social Media Programs
1. Advanced Authentication Mechanisms:
o Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security. o Biometric and token-based systems enhance protection.
2. End-to-End Encryption:
o Ensures that messages and shared content remain private. o Prevents interception by unauthorized parties.
3. Behavioral Analytics:
o Machine learning models monitor unusual activity patterns to detect and block potential attacks.
4. Regular Software Updates:
o Frequent updates patch vulnerabilities in the platform's codebase. o Encourages the use of the latest encryption standards.
5. User Education and Awareness:
o Educating users on recognizing phishing attempts, fake accounts, and suspicious links. o Providing clear guidelines on account recovery and reporting abuse.
6. Content Moderation:
o Automated systems and human moderators work together to filter harmful content and detect spam. 7. Legal and Regulatory Compliance:
o Adhering to global data protection laws, such as GDPR and CCPA, ensures better handling of user data. Case Studies of Social Media Security Breaches
1. Facebook-Cambridge Analytica Scandal (2018):
o Highlights the risks of third-party data access and the need for stringent API controls.
2. Twitter Bitcoin Scam (2020):
o A coordinated social engineering attack compromised high-profile accounts, emphasizing the need for secure account management practices.
3. LinkedIn Data Leak (2021):
o Exposed millions of user records, demonstrating the importance of encrypting stored data. As social media programs continue to evolve, so do the threats they face. By integrating advanced technologies, fostering user awareness, and adhering to ethical practices, social media platforms can effectively mitigate cyber risks. A collaborative approach among stakeholders is crucial to building secure and trustworthy social ecosystems. References:
1. Schneier, B. (2015). Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World. W.W. Norton & Company.
2. Conti, M., & Lal, C. (2021). Social Media Security: Understanding the Threats and Mitigation Strategies. Springer.
3. Kshetri, N. (2018). The Economics of Cybersecurity: Understanding Emerging Threats in the Digital Era. MIT Press.
© Ovezov A., 2024
УДК 62
Polatova Sh.,
student.
Almazova O.,
teacher.
Oguz han Engineering and Technology university of Turkmenistan.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY OF LIMONENE FROM ORANGE PEEL
Annotation
Limonene, a versatile natural compound found in citrus peel, particularly orange peel, is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and aromatic properties. This study explores various extraction methods for isolating limonene from orange peel, including steam distillation, cold pressing, and solvent extraction. Emphasis is placed on the efficiency, environmental sustainability, and purity of the extracted product. The analysis discusses challenges in scaling up production and optimizing yield while maintaining eco-friendly practices. Advances in green chemistry and novel techniques such as microwave-assisted and supercritical CO2 extraction are also evaluated for their potential to revolutionize limonene production.
