CC BY
1
УДК 7
Балтаева Дж.,
преподаватель Мухаммедова Х.,
студентка
Государственная академия художеств Туркменистана,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
WORKS OF TURKMENISTAN'S FOLK ARTIST MARAL ATAYEVA
Keywords:
Turkmen ceramics, artist, creativity, pattern, heritage.
Maral Ataeva, the first female potter who received professional education in Turkmen practical art, folk artist of Turkmenistan Maral Ataeva, a master artist and teacher, reveals the secrets of ancient art to young people, educates high-level specialists [2, p. 173]. Maral Ataeva made a great contribution to reflecting and spreading the cultural heritage of the Turkmen people in the art of ceramics.
On January 5, 1949, Maral Atayeva was born in the family of a military serviceman in the city of Ashgabat, our beautiful country. M. Ataeva's passion for this subtle form of our fine art arose in her childhood. He received his primary education in the 7th secondary school of Ashgabat city. Even in her school years, M. Ataeva loved drawing and painting. In order to achieve his dream, he graduated from high school in 1964 and entered Sh. Turkmen state art school named after Rustaveli He is enrolled in the decoration department of a public art school.
The potter woman devoted most of her life not only to creativity, but also to her teaching career. Thus, after receiving higher education, he tried to give his experience to young artists. From 1974 to 1985, he was a teacher of the ceramics department of the Turkmen State School of Art and trained several students.
Maral Atayeva uses different forms of slavery. He creates fine-grained pots, patterned vases, and beautiful sculptures from materials such as clay, fireclay, porcelain, and faience. Most of M. Atayeva's works are made of fireclay. In Maral Ataeva's work, the influence of other forms of national practical art is great, because the delicate pictures of hand-made paintings of brides and grooms, and the image of carpet lakes are reflected on the surface of the statues and pots. The potter's works combine the artistic traditions of the East and the aesthetic philosophies of Western art. Painter, potter M. Ataeva flexibly adjusts the traditional forms of the artistic volumes of the Turkmen ceramics and the geometric curves [4, p. 255]. His works are characterized by aggressiveness and loftiness [3, p. 15].
On the surface of M. Atayeva's "Merv Tones" vases created between 1986 and 2003, strange imaginary birds circling and entwining each other create unique patterns. Their veins fill the main volume of the pot. From the neck to the bottom of the pot, it is richly decorated. She designs patterns such as dots, lines drawn on black
mats, flora and fauna motifs, and national motifs.
Over the years, Maral Ataeva creates works dedicated to the art of Ancient Egypt. A woman who has seen the country with her own eyes, is amazed at the height and wonder of the ancient culture's incredible influence on the mind. Maral Atayeva creates her dreams on the theme of Egypt [1, p. 36]. A master potter, she created her work "Egyptian Tones" (1992) using lines taken from Egyptian patterns. He enriches his creations with the help of patterns created in the art of Ancient Egypt.
The animalistic genre always finds its rightful place in M. Atayeva's creative works. Halypana's trilogy "Turkmen horses" (2002-2003) depicts the image of Akhalteke horses. The first of these vases is dominated by white, black, and red colors, with horses depicted in black. The neck and the base of this vase are decorated with geometrical Turkmen national patterns in black, and these patterns are made in white, red and blue colors. In the center of the vase, a group of galloping horses is depicted on a yellow background with black stripes.
When we look at the second vase, it reminds us of the ancient Greek vase. In the project solution of this vase, as in the first model, the Turkmen national patterns were made by means of geometric shapes on the throat and the base. But while the patterns on the throat of the vase are black, the patterns on the bottom are orange. Here it is done in blue and light yellow colors. In the center of the project in Guldan, a man on a chariot and a horse can be seen depicted in black colors. The influence of ancient Greek masters can be seen in this work by a master ceramicist. This shows that the teacher takes samples from ancient culture in his creation.
Maral Atayeva has participated in international symposiums on ceramics, as well as art exhibitions in France, Greece, the Baltic States, Turkey and other countries of the world. He is the winner of many competitions. Halypa's works are not only placed in museum expositions, but also decorate the interiors of various hotels, cinemas, schools, cultural centers. His works are not only part of the rich treasury of Turkmen art, but are kept in private collections of Yugoslavia, Turkey, America, England, China, France. His unforgettable creative path is a model school for future generations. Literature:
1. Revelation... Yarly Bayramov, Maral Ataeva. Painting. Graphics. Ceramics. Album / Intro. Article I. Kistovich. -A., 2003.
2. Jumaniyazova M. The history of the practical art of Turkmenistan. A: Turkmen State Publishing Service, 2019.
3. Fine and practical art of Turkmenistan / N. Yagshamyradov prepared for printing. A.: Turkmen State Publishing Service, 2011.
4. Yagshamyradov N. History of visual art of Turkmenistan. - A.: Science, 2013.
© Ba^TaeBa fl^., MyxaMMegoBa X., 2024
