CC BY
6WORDS BORROWED FROM ARABIC IN THE POEMS OF MAKHTUMKULI FRAGI Kakadzhikov H.
Kakadzhikov Khalnazar - graduate student, TURKMEN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WORLD LANGUAGES NAMED AFTER. DOVLETMAMMETAZADI, ASHGABAT, TURKMENISTAN
Abstract: the article examines the historical influence of the Arabic language on the development of the modern Turkmen language. The Turkmen language has a long history and its development has been influenced by other languages over time. The article highlights that although Magtymguly used many Arabic-Persian words, most of them were already integrated into the Turkmen language, some served specific purposes such as expressing religious concepts and enhancing artistic expression, and others served specific poetic functions. Keywords: Magtymguly, poetry, Arabic words, borrowings.
Our national language, which is one of the ancient languages, has experienced a very long historical period and events until it acquired the form of the modern Turkmen language. During that period, some languages had a positive effect on the enrichment and development of the Turkmen language. One of the languages that influenced the improvement of the Turkmen language and the enrichment of its scientific and artistic value in the past is the Arabic language. The favourable influence of these two languages on each other is due to long historical circumstances [3].
Turkmen-Arab relations go back to the middle of the 7th century. With the arrival of the Arabs to Central Asia, including Turkmenistan, new concepts, philosophical ideas, and terms appeared [4, p.288]. From those times, Turkmen-Arab literary and scientific relations began to develop. For a while, Arabic was considered the language of science. Then famous Turkmen scientists, writers, historians, poets, and medical doctors began to write their works in Arabic, as Magtymguly Pyragy said, "You gave the cart a good language." This also has a certain influence on the scientific, literary and conversational language of the people. After that, in works written in Turkmen language, many Arabic-Persian words, which have already become Turkmen, begin to be used in accordance with the internal norms of the Turkmen language. This has led to the transfer of several words from Arabic to Turkmen or from Turkmen to Arabic. This is proved by the matching Arabic-Persian words in the poems of our classical poets, including Magtymguly.
Magtymguly, who knew the Turkmen language very well, used Arabic-Persian words in his poems in the following ways:
First, Magtymguly used original Arabic words in his poems, he used Turkmenized Arabic words that had already become Turkmen.
Second, to make Magtymguly's poems more effective, he also used many names of people whose names appear in various legends.
Third, Magtymguly had to use in his poems the names of places other than Turkmenistan that passed through the Arabic language in order to express some legends, events or religious concepts.
Fourth, Magtymguly used in his poems words, concepts and terms that previously had no meaning in the Turkmen language and corresponded in the Arabic language. These are mainly words and expressions that convey religious concepts.
Fifth, the poet made extensive use of Arabic-Persian words, which perform an artistic service, in order to avoid repetition of one word in his poems, and to make his poems more artistic, sweeter, and colourful. These include similes, comparisons, superlatives, etc.
Sixth, the poet also used some Arabic-Persian words that perform the function of rhyme in his poems:
Seventh, there was a time when the poet used some Arabic-Persian words to keep the number of syllables correct in his poems.
As it turns out, the sage used most of the Arabic-Persian words used in his poems because they were already absorbed into the Turkmen language, that is, they were Turkmenized, some of them were used to express religious terms, names of people and places that did not fit in the Turkmen language, and some of them were more artistic in his poems, to make it more juicy, more colourful, and some for rhyme or syllabic matches.
Reference
1. Magtymguly. Go§gular. - A§gabat, 2008.
2. Magtymguly. Saylanan eserler. Iki tomluk. - A§gabat, 1983.
3. Азимов П., Амансарыев Дж., Сарыев К. Туркменский язык // Языки народов СССР, т. II. М., 1966.
4. Грунина Э.А. Туркменский язык. — М.: Восточная литература, 2005. — 288 с.
