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№ 12 (129)_¿Л ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ_декабрь. 2024 г.
TRANSPORT, MINING AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
DOI - 10.32743/UniTech.2024.129.12.18966 WATER PLATFORMS DRIVEN BY THE DRIVE OF A VEHICLE TRANSPORTED AS CARGO
Goshgar Rasulov
PhD in Technical Sciences, Azerbaijan Technical University, Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku E-mail: [email protected]
Sabina Burjaliyeva
Assistant,
Azerbaijan Technical University, Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku E-mail: [email protected]. az
ВОДНЫЕ ПЛАТФОРМЫ ДВИГАЕМЫЕ ОТ ПРИВОДА ТРАНСПОРТНОГО СРЕДСТВА
ТРАНСПОРТИРУЕМОГО КАК ГРУЗ
Расулов Гошгар Нариман
канд. техн. наук, Азербайджанский Технический Университет, Азербайджанская Республика, г. Баку
Бурджалиева Сабина Алимурад
ассистент,
Азербайджанский Технический Университет, Азербайджанская Республика, г. Баку
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new propulsion mechanism for pontoons and floating platforms used to transport land vehicles and houseboats on water. Unlike methods based on towing or pushing or traditional transmission of motion, the proposed system uses the rotational motion of the vehicle wheels to move the pontoon. Cylindrical rollers transmit the vehicle motion to the pontoon, eliminating the need for additional problems associated with the watercraft and engine. The system is based on the friction forces between the rollers and the vehicle wheels. The design reduces operating costs, maintenance, and human labor. Kinematic diagrams for two-stage and multi-stage mechanisms are provided. It is claimed that the proposed theoretical solution will be useful for small-tonnage platforms and floating houses.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной статье представлен новый механизм движения для понтонов и плавучих платформ, используемых для транспортировки наземных транспортных средств и плавучих домов по воде. В отличие от методов, основанных на буксировке или толкании или традиционной передаче движения, предлагаемая система использует вращательное движение колес транспортного средства для перемещения понтона. Цилиндрические ролики передают движение транспортного средства понтону, устраняя необходимость в дополнительных проблемах, связанных с плавсредством и двигателем. Система основана на силах трения между роликами и колесами транспортного средства. Конструкция снижает эксплуатационные расходы, техническое обслуживание и человеческий труд. Приведены кинематические схемы для двухступенчатых и многоступенчатых механизмов. Утверждается, что предлагаемое теоретическое решение будет полезно для малотоннажных платформ и плавучих домов.
Keywords: pontoon, water vehicles, floating house, transporter, drive mechanism, cylindrical roller, friction.
Ключевые слова: понтон, водные транспортные средства, плавучий дом, транспортер, приводной механизм, цилиндрический ролик, трение.
Библиографическое описание: Rasulov G.N., Burjaliyeva S.A. WATER PLATFORMS DRIVEN BY THE DRIVE OF A VEHICLE TRANSPORTED AS CARGO // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2024. 12(129). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/18966
Introduction
People widely use water bodies for various needs. These include necessary or recreational needs such as irrigation of agricultural fields, fishing, hunting, tourism, freight and passenger transportation. Sometimes, depending on the area, there is a need to transport light trucks and cars from one coast to another. In particular, in large lakes and areas with abundant wide-bed rivers, it is necessary for the residents of the surrounding areas to transport their vehicles from one shore to another. Although bridges are built over rivers for these purposes, the distances between the bridges are usually long or there
are no bridges at all in certain areas, the bridges in flood-prone regions are occasionally unusable, etc. At this time, due to the time spent on the road to be covered, as well as fuel consumption and the importance of transportation, there is a need for special water transport vehicles for the population living in the settled areas along the river bed to move from one bank to the other. In such cases, craft-made rafts or pontoons are often used. Pontoons are water vehicles consisting of tanks made of waterproof materials, mainly metal, plastic, composite materials, and sometimes concrete, on which a wooden or metal construction platform is assembled (Fig. 1, a) [6, 8].
Figure 1. Pontoons: a) structure of a simple pontoon; b) cargo pontoon; c) floating pump platform; d) coastal platform
The choice of material to be made is taken into account based on the weight of the load, characteristics of the water body and design features. The structural design of the pontoon must be durable to ensure safe transportation of loads. They are exposed to various natural and environmental factors. Factors such as wave height, water body flow rate, wind speed can affect the safe and efficient operation of these vehicles. Therefore, safety standards and procedures must be strictly
implemented during operation, and environmental protection measures must be taken into account and special attention must be paid to the protection of the aquatic environment. Pantons can be used for platforms for work in water basins (Fig. 3), floating pumping platform (Fig. 1, c), cargo transportation (Fig. 1, b), coastal side receiving platforms (Fig. 1, d), mobile floating bridges, etc. [1, 5].
Figure 2. Floating houses
Pontoons are also used as "floating houses" on water bodies for tourism-entertainment purposes. Floating houses on pontoons are designed with the provision of all necessary conditions for recreation, and their area usually reaches several hundred square meters (Figure 2) [10, 12].
The main types of houseboats are adapted for rivers, lakes or harbors and are divided into two main categories: 1. cruising houseboats; 2. non-cruising houseboats. In order to move in floating houses, sails or different types of engines are installed, that is, internal combustion, electric, hybrid engines, each of which has its own positive and negative characteristics [3, 4].
Figure 3. Towable andpushablepontoons
In contrast to floating houses, pontoons are moved mainly by towing or pushing by water vehicles, which keeps the pontoon dependent on another vehicle (Figure 3) [1, 11]. On some short-distance shores, the pontoon can
be moved using a special rope stretched from shore to shore with the help of traction gears installed on it, but in this case, the rope restricts the longitudinal passage of the water basin (Figure 4) [7, 15].
Figure 4. A pontoon driven by a special rope
i
Materials and methods
Statement of the
Thus, the need for additional watercraft to move pontoons carrying land vehicles, as well as the need for extra engines and supporting equipment (fuel, electric, charging systems, etc.) to move floating homes intended for travel, results in financial and time losses, along with an increased demand for human labor.
The first thought solution - installation of the engine on the panton has partially found its application area, but depending on the conditions and needs, many problems need to be solved at this time:
1. Failure of the engine as a result of stops without operation in humid conditions;
2. It is necessary to maintain (protect) the engine after use;
3. Special control to ensure common use - human labor requirement;
4. Failure to use full resources;
5. Engine maintenance;
6. Fuel supply issue - additional time and human labor requirement, etc.
The article is devoted to the transmission mechanisms of the water basin platforms, which are moved with the help of the driver of the vehicle they will carry on their platforms. These platforms include small-sized pontoons with a maximum load capacity of 15 tons and cruise houseboats that call at different ports on each trip. In the article, the kinematic scheme of the proposed motion mechanism is presented and the working principle is explained theoretically.
Research was conducted on the topic, observation results, collected data, alternative mechanisms and devices were analyzed. Comparisons and syntheses were also carried out, theoretical proposals were made using the experience of foreign countries, technical solutions for a new mechanism were proposed, and kinematic diagrams were developed.
To ensure the transportation of a land vehicle on a pontoon, it is proposed to symmetrically load one or more vehicles onto the pontoon platform through their own movement, while the movement of the pontoon is achieved by the rotational motion obtained from the wheel of a vehicle standing in a central position. The working element of the device is identical to the blades of marine engines. Applying this mechanism to the mentioned pontoons will give us a number of advantages:
1. No need for additional watercraft for the loaded movement of the pontoon;
2. No costs associated with the acquisition, maintenance, technical servicing, etc., of the engine;
3. Elimination of elements related to the engine (tank, battery, charging system, etc.);
4. Provision by land transport after docking at the shore (for floating homes).
The operating principle of the proposed mechanism is based on the transmission of rotational motion through friction: two cylindrical rollers, whose axes are parallel and each of which can rotate freely around its own axis, receive motion from the rotating wheel pressing against them due to the weight of the vehicle. An example of this is the working principle of roller training devices, which cyclists train mainly in winter months (Figure 5) [9, 13].
Figure 5. Cylindrical roller devices for cycling: a) controlled by the handlebars; b) with a fixed support
The device shown in Figure 5a consists of three parallel cylindrical rollers (1, 2, 3) that can rotate freely around their axes, and a common frame 5 that holds the rollers. Rollers 2 and 3 are designed to be close enough so that the rear wheel of the bicycle can rotate on them, and roller 1 is designed to be centered relative to the axis of the front wheel of the bicycle (the positions of rollers 1 and 3 can be adjusted depending on the size of the bicycle and wheel). Rollers 2 and 1 are connected with the belt transmission 4 from the outer parts. That is,
when the rear wheel rotates, rollers 2 and 3 rotate under the action of compression and friction forces due to gravity, and thanks to the belt transmission mechanism, belt 4 transmits the movement of roller 2 to roller 1, and under the action of the same forces, roller 1 begins to rotate the front wheel. As a result, the cyclist continues to ride his bicycle on the device in balance, adjusting his position on the rollers with the handlebars, due to the rotation of the bike wheels in one direction, without any support.
Figure 6. Vehicle suspension vibration diagnostics device
The device shown in Fig. 5, b, is attached to the axle of the rear wheels 1 on the right and 2 on the left and holds the bicycle in balance as a support at a certain height from the ground, i.e. does not allow it to tip over. The cylindrical roller 4, equipped with a device 3 that allows you to select different power modes, can approach and move away from the wheel using a special regulator 5. After the roller touches the bike wheel enough to ensure normal compression force, the bicycle is ready for training.
The operating principle of the proposed Panton drive mechanism using a car transmission also resembles the reverse operating principle of the vibration diagnostics device used in car suspension (Fig. 6). In the diagnostic device, roller 1 is driven into rotation by means of an electric transmission to rotate the car wheel, while vibrations are created in the wheel with a non-cylindrical surface of roller 2, which rotates due to the compressive force of the wheel, which ensures the measurement of the technical condition of the wheel suspension during vibrations using sensors [14].
Figure 7. Kinematic diagrams of mechanisms moving pontoons using a motor vehicle drive;
a) two-stage; b) three-stage
As already mentioned above, the principle of operation of the proposed mechanism is based on the passed of motion from a rotating wheel under the action of gravity and friction to a pair of parallel cylindrical rollers (for each moving wheel), each of which can freely
rotate around its axis. Figure 7 shows the kinematic diagrams of the mechanism. Depending on the shape of the platform used, the mechanism can be made as two-stage or multi-stage.
Figure 8. a) Small pontoon; b) Kinematic diagram of the mechanism ensuring pontoon movement driven by the propulsion of two-wheeled vehicles
In a simple two-stage drive mechanism, the rotational motion is received from the vehicle wheel and transmitted to the first conical stage 3, then to the second conical stage 4 thanks to its cylindrical roller 1 and clutch 2, as a result of which the pontoon drive propeller 5 rotates (Fig. 7, a). "In these mechanisms, the conical gears are positioned at a 90-degree angle, as in engines designed for water transport, and the motion is transmitted in reverse. In general, the mechanism is rigidly fixed from the body to the platform, and the rotation of the pontoon can be achieved through an additional keel-steering mechanism (this may be in two-stage mechanisms shown in Figure 7a and Figure 8b) or a compensating coupling capable of operating at an angle (This may be in the mechanism shown in Figure 7b)".
To transport a motorcycle (or bicycle) on small pontoons (Fig. 8, a), it is proposed to design a mechanism with a cylindrical roller that ensures stability of equilibrium, and to provide height-adjustable supports, as shown in Fig. 5, b (Fig. 8, b). However, for the mechanisms shown in Fig. 7, it is possible to move not very large pontoons with a two-wheeled vehicle, using an additional balancing and height-adjusting device.
Results and discussion
1. The proposed simple design movement mechanism ensures that the loaded pontoon does not depend on additional water transport for the moving. In this case, towing is only necessary when returning the pontoon unloaded. In this case, movement at low speed can be partially ensured using a pedal device that can be connected and disconnected from the mechanism.
2. The proposed movement mechanism allows using a land vehicle each time the floating house is docked.
Conclusion
The proposed mechanism eliminates the need for additional floating craft: the pontoon is driven by the vehicle itself, which reduces the need for separate floating craft and the operating costs associated with them - there is no need for fuel-powered engines and their maintenance, which reduces both financial and time costs.
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