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13УДК: 636.28:636.22/28.082.454.2
Садыков Р. С.
Западно-Казахстанский аграрно-технический университет имени Жангир хана
Абдрахманова Ж. М.
Западно-Казахстанский аграрно-технический университет имени Жангир хана
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НОВЫХ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫХ СПОСОБНОСТЕЙ КОРОВ КАЗАХСКОЙ БЕЛОГОЛОВОЙ ПОРОДЫ
Исследование проводилось в Западном регионе Казахстана, в крестьянском хозяйстве "Бахыт" Теректинскогорайона с коровами казахской белоголовой породы скота. В статье приводятся результаты применения гормональных препаратов эстрофан и магэстрофан с целью синхронизации полового цикла маточного поголовья. А так же представлены важные возможности применения одного из современных биотехнологических методов — трансректальной ультрасонографии. С помощью ультразвукового аппарата можно определить срок стельности животного, гинекологические заболевания половых путей.
Ключевые слова: синхронизация, ректальная пальпация, ультразвуковой сканер, эстрофан, магэстрофан.
Agris subject categories: L10
Sadykov, R. S.
Candidate of agricultural Sciences
Abdrakhmanova, Zh. M.
master student
West Kazakhstan Agricultural and Technical University named after Zhangir Khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
USING OF NEW BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS TO INCREASE REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF COWS OF THE KAZAKH WHITE-HEADED BREED OF CATTLE
The study was conducted in the western region or Kazakhstan, in the farm "Bakhyt" of Terekty area with Kazakh white-headed cows. The article presents the results of the application of hormonal preparations estrofan and magestrofan to synchronize the sexual cycle of breeding stock. Paper also presents important opportunities of application of one of the modern biotechnological methods — transrectal ultrasonography. With the help of ultrasonic device it can be determined the duration of the pregnancy of the animal, gynecological diseases of the genital tract.
Key words: synchronization, rectal palpation, ultrasonic scanner, estrofan, magestrofan.
Livestock is one of the most important branches of agriculture. In Kazakhstan, from this sector is about 45% of gross agricultural output. General rise in living standards of the population, improve the environment and nutrition of people is largely determined by the state and the development of animal husbandry. Due to President Nursultan Nazarbayev and large scale Government support measures, cattle sector of Kazakhstan is beginning to experience stronger growth.
Present time, Kazakhstan's cattle and beef production is continuing to recover from the
collapse of the Soviet Union, and is being supported by very large-scale government financing. The Ministry of Agriculture has laid out a plan for "The development of beef export potential for Kazakhstan". This plan is separated into two phases, with the first phase covering 2011-2015, and calling for the rapid expansion of the number of high-yielding breeding cattle in Kazakhstan. The second phase covers 2016-2020, and calls for the development of beef exports, with goals of 60,000 metric tons of exports by 2016 and 180,000 metric tons by 2020. In order to meet these goals, the proposal envisions large-volume importation of breeding stock to improve the genetics of the cattle in Kazakhstan. It also envisions the establishment and expansion of commercial cattle farms and ranches (including large-scale feed lots), the developing of more meat processing facilities and improved management of pastures and feed production. Improved performance or product quality at farm level and assurance that feedlots will remain a viable and sustainable pathway to market for producers [1].
According to the Kazakhstan Statistics Agency in 2010, Kazakhstan produced 916 thousand tons of meat, of which 406 thousand tons — beef, 125 tons — lamb, 205 tons — pork, 102 tons — poultry meat, 73 tons — horse meat. However, global demand even higher interest in Kazakhstan's meat comes from such countries as Saudi Arabia, Japan, Russia, France, Britain, Iran. World leaders — Argentina and Brazil — are working at maximum capacity. Kazakhstan has the opportunity to occupy a niche in the world meat market [1].
Estrous synchronization is the manipulation of the reproductive process so that females can be bred with normal fertility during a short, predefined interval. This control facilitates breeding in two important ways: it reduces, and in some cases eliminates, the labor of detecting estrus (heat), and it allows the producer to schedule the breeding. If the majority of a herd can be induced to exhibit estrus at about the same time, the producer can arrange for a few days of intensive insemination. Although the total amount of labor involved with insemination may not be reduced, it is concentrated into a shorter period. Other advantages of estrous synchronization include creating a more uniform calf crop, enabling more cows to be artificially inseminated (AI) to a genetically superior bull and reducing the length of the breeding season [2, 3].
Estrous synchronization may not be for every producer. Use of this technology generally requires skilled management and adequate facilities. Cows will respond poorly if not fed properly or if body condition is less than adequate. Level of herd health is also a factor, as many diseases cause reproductive failure. The Estrous Cycle A successful estrous synchronization program requires an understanding of the estrous cycle. Day 0 is the first day of behavioral estrus. This is when a female will stand to be mounted by another female or bull. At this time, natural breeding would occur. The hormone estrogen peaked the day before (day -1) and then declined. Progesterone levels are low because a corpus luteum is not present. Ovulation, the release of the ova, or egg, from a follicle on the ovary occurs 12 to 18 hours after the end of "standing heat." A corpus luteum, which produces progesterone, develops at the site of ovulation Figure 1. Relative Hormone Level 3 and undergoes rapid growth from day 4 to 7. This growth is concurrent with an increase in progesterone. From day 7 through day 16, a fully mature corpus luteum is present and producing high levels of progesterone. During this time, one or two follicles may become large, maintain their size for a short time and then regress. On approximately day 16, prostaglandin F2a is released from the uterus if pregnancy has not occurred, which causes regression of the corpus luteum and a subsequent drop in progesterone levels. When progesterone levels become low, estrogen levels rise as a new follicle begins rapid growth. Estrogen levels will peak on day 20, followed by behavioral estrus on day 21. At this point, the cycle repeats itself [4, 5].
Bakhyt farm was founded in 1934, they get 82 calves per 100 heads each year. The farm has all opportunities to improve productivity and increase the number of cattle, besides, we have determined the cause of barrenness and set the goal to synchronize estrus using hormonal preparations.
In June 2015, we performed a rectal and ultrasound research for 208 cows, and it was revealed 32 barren cows (figure 1).
Figure 1 — The uterus of barren cow
The cause of barrenness may be different. In our situation there were cows with abnormalities in the genital tract. In July, we have created two similar groups of cows, and used hormone drugs — estrofan and magestrofan. There were 13 barren cows in each group. Injection was carried out according to the following schemes. To determine pregnancy or barrenness of cows, we used ultrasound machine «Kaixin» (figure 2).
Figure 2 — KX 5200 digital diagnostic (veterinary) device
We used an estrofan for one experimental group and for the second group — magestrofan.
Magestrofan® is a medicine, which represents the transparent colourless liquid containing in quality of active ingredient — cloprostenol. 1 ml of solution contains 0,25 mg of a cloprostenol. Cloprostenol is a synthetic analogue of the natural prostaglandin F2a. Luteolytic has a specific effect on the ovarian yellow body. The animal body is rapidly metabolized and excreted within 24 hours after application. Application Magestrofan® drug in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle causes the regression of the corpus luteum, which contributes to the development of folliculogenesis, the maturation of follicles, the synthesis of estrogen and as a consequence of the offensive estrus and ovulation. We injected the Magestrofan® to barren cows to synchronize estrus. Drug is used at 2 ml per head. Inseminated 72-76 h after animals not come to hunt, treated again with the same dose after 11 days, and after 72-96 hours after the second administration of the drug are inseminated twice without taking into account the emergence of hunting [6].
Tabl e 1 — Synchronizing estrus scheme of the first experimental group
Days Name of preparation and method of fertilization Dose and mode of injection
1st Estrofan 2 ml., intramuscularly
11th Estrofan 2 ml., intramuscularly
14th Natural fertilization
15th Repeated natural fertilization
Table 2 — Synchronizing estrus scheme of the second experimental group
Days Name of preparation and method of fertilization Dose and mode of injection
1st Magestrofan 2 ml., intramuscularly
11th Magestrofan 2 ml., intramuscularly
14th Natural fertilization
15th Repeated natural fertilization
To determine pregnancy cows we again performed a rectal examination and used ultrasound machine. According to a study in september pregnancy period of cows were 2 months, which is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 — Two month fetus
Results. According to a study in the first experimental group there were eight pregnant cows, i.e. 5 cows were not fertilized. And in the second test group 11 cows were pregnant. Comparative results of using of hormonal preparations — estrofan and magestrofan are shown in 4th figure.
Figure 4 — Results of processing with hormones
Conclusion. We performed a rectal and ultrasound research for 208 cows in farm "Bakhyt". As a result it was revealed 32 barren cows. From that 26 cows were divided into two similar groups on 13, and the first experimental group (13 cows) was injected with estrofan, the second group (13 cows) was injected with magestrofan.
As a result of rectal and ultrasound research in September it was identified 8 pregnant cows (62%) in first testing group, i.e. 5 cows were not fertilized. And it was 11 pregnant cows in second experimental group (85%). Knowing that the farm "Bakhyt" gets 82 calves per 100 heads each year, in first testing group, i.e. processing cows with estrofan, we can get 90 calves per 100 haeds, and in second group, i.e. processing cows with magestrofan, we can get 93 calves per 100 heads and to increase the reproductive ability of cows.
A method of ultrasound device which new used by us in the farm "Bakhyt" is the latest
89
achievement in the agricultural biotechnology.
References
1. Esbolova A.E. Innovative development of meat cattle breeding of kazakhstan in conditions of new economic policy of president n. Nazarbayev. G-Global. 2013, no. 7.
2. Thatcher, W.W., Moreira, F., Pancarci, S.M., Bartolone, J.A. and Santos, J.E. (2002) Strategies to optimize reproductive efficiency by regulation of ovarian function. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 23, 243-254.
3. Johnson S., Stevenson. J. Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle Reproduction. Reproduction Task Force. Beefrepro.unl.edu. 2003. Tips for a Successful Synchronization Program. Kansas State University Agriculture Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.
4. Cairoli, F., Mollo, A., Veronesi, M.C., Renaville, B., Faustini, M. and Battocchio, M. (2006) Comparison between cloprostenol induced and spontaneous estrus fertility in dairy cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 41, 175-179.
5. Holm, D.E., Thompson, P.N. and Irons, P.C. (2008) The economic effects of an estrus synchronization protocol using prostaglandin in beef heifers. Theriogenology, 70, 1507-1515.
6. Zare Shahneh, A., Mohammadi, Z., Fazeli, H., Moradi Shahre, M. and Dirandeh, E. (2008) The effect of GnRH injection on plasma concentrations, conception rate and ovulation rate in Iranian cows. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5, 1137-1141.
