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Биотехнология Biotechnology
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USE OF CHLORELLA AND SPIRULLUNA SUSPENSION IN QUAIL AND
ITS EFFECT ON SURVIVAL
I.V.Safarov
Department of Natural Sciences, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik, Uzbekistan Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abctract. Quails are distinguished from other types of poultry by their significant economic advantages, including high growth rates, high quality eggs and meat, and as a valuable branch of poultry farming. Today, the development of a relatively young branch of poultry farming - quail breeding - is very relevant. The object of the study was 150 Japanese quails aged up to 15 days. In this experimental trial, a suspension of Chlorella sp 22 strain and a suspension of Spirulina platensis were added to traditional feed in a ratio of HI per day, the duration of the experiment was 45 days. It should be noted that the introduction of a suspension of Chlorella sp 22 and Spirulina platensis strains (Xelper Med) into quail feed during the first six weeks of life of hatched quails increases the survival rate of the young and their weight under the experimental period conditions. The 225-227g variant compared to the 172-180g control resulted in an increase of -33g in 45 days. Therefore, the inclusion ofmicroalgae in feed is very promising in the production of feed for the development of a new direction, such as quail breeding.
With such feeding of quails at home, the bird will always be full. It has been noted that feeding with a suspension ofmicroalgae at room temperature is more effective.
Key words: Chlorella sp 22 strain, Spirulina platensis, quail breeding, live weight, microalgae suspension, safet, live weight of quails.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ СУСПЕНЗИИ ХЛОРЕЛЛЫ И SPIRULLUNA В ПЕРЕПЕЛОВОМ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТЬ
И.В.Сафаров
Чирчикский государственный педагогический университет факультет
Естественных наук,
Соответствующий автор email: [email protected]
Аннотация. Перепела отличаются от других видов домашней птицы значительными экономическими преимуществами, в том числе высокими темпами роста, высоким качеством яиц и мяса, а также как ценная отрасль птицеводства. Сегодня развитие сравнительно молодой отрасли птицеводства - перепеловодства -весьма актуально. Объектом исследования стали 150 японских перепелов в возрасте до
15 дней. В данном опыте в традиционный корм добавляли суспензию штамма Chlorella sp 22 и суспензию Spirulina platensis в соотношении 1/1 в сутки, продолжительность эксперимента составила 45 дней. Следует отметить, что введение в корм перепелам суспензии штаммов Chlorella sp 22 и Spirulina platensis (Xelper Med) в течение первых шести недель жизни вылупившихся перепелов повышает выживаемость молодняка и его живую массу в условиях экспериментального периода. Вариант 225-227 г по сравнению с контролем 172-180 г дал прирост -53 г за 45 дней. Поэтому включение микроводорослей в корма весьма перспективно при производстве кормов для развития нового направления, такого как перепеловодство.
При таком кормлении перепелов в домашних условиях птица всегда будет сыта. Замечено, что более эффективна подкормка суспензией микроводорослей комнатной температуры.
Ключевые слова: штамм, Chlorella sp 22, Spirulina platensis, перепеловодство, живая масса, суспензия микроводорослей, сейфет, живая масса перепелов.
Introduction. Today, when specialization occurs in all areas, it is not surprising that quail breeding also specializes in short periods of time. Nowadays, quail care is developing as an aesthetically and financially profitable industry.
Quail eggs contain active substances that stimulate the body's vital functions, so they are very useful, especially for children. Quail eggs are superior to chicken eggs in many respects. Eg: Quails mature five times faster than hens, and egg production begins at 35-45 days of age. Quail eggs contain several times more vitamins, ferrum, cobalt, biologically active substances, and enzymes than chicken eggs. Quail farming has been practiced in Japan for over 200 years [3], while in European countries and Russia, in particular, this direction of poultry farming has developed relatively recently. On average, the live weight of a female at the age of 40 days reaches 550-570 g. They start laying eggs at the age of 38-40 days. With proper care of the bird, egg production in the first 3 months reaches up to 95-98%, and on average, over 8 months of keeping 100 females, you can get 70-75 eggs per day [7].
The main advantages of quail breeding include: high growth rate, early egg production (at 35-45 days of age), a stable immune system, and the ability to obtain five generations of birds per year. The rate of increase in live weight of quails is influenced to a certain extent by gender (weight gain in the first 30 days of life in males is 9.2% less than in females), conditions of keeping and feeding. Since one of the characteristics of quails is an elevated body temperature, 2 °C higher than that of other farm birds, a constant air flow is required for keeping them, which is ensured by good exhaust and ventilation. Quails are suitable for cage and floor housing, on an area of 115 cm2 per bird. The feeding front for adults is 4 cm, for chicks - 1.5 cm; drinking area for adult birds is 0.7 cm, for chicks - 2 cm. The content requirements include: compliance with the
microclimate, nutritional standards and stocking density, illumination, implementation of medical and preventive measures [5]. Thus, it is necessary to improve their nutrition in order to grow quail meat and eggs on an industrial scale and obtain greater economic benefits from it. Currently, researchers use various nutrient media to breed quails. One of these media is microalgae.
Microalgae are ubiquitous photosynthetic microorganisms that inhabit aquatic environments and are crucial as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. In aquaculture, microalgae play several roles, ranging from their effects on the water environment to their role as a food source. Microalgae serve as direct or indirect food sources for wild-captured fish, which are vital for fishmeal and fish oil production. For larval aquatic animals, microalgae are primarily used as live prey due to their appropriate size and nutritional value. They are also important food sources and nutrient supplements for other live prey, including rotifers, Artemia, and copepods [2] The contents of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates in microalgae are 12%-65%, 2%-23%, and 5%-26% of dry cell weight (DCW), respectively[1]. Moreover, microalgae are rich in biologically active chemicals such as omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (co-3 LC-PUFAs), pigments, polysaccharides, and vitamins, making them suitable as sustainable aquafeed additives [8]. In terms of the quality of aquatic animal products, diets containing microalgae have been found to enhance skin coloration and increase levels of EFAs and astaxanthin [6]. Therefore, microalgae are important food sources for farmed aquatic animals and can also be used as potential protein/lipid sources and additives for aquafeeds. In addition, microalgae in fish culture systems can reproduce by utilizing excess nutrients and converting CO2 into O2, which is essential for aquatic animal life. In brief, accelerating the utilization of microalgae as aquafeed is crucial if sustainable aquaculture is to be achieved [12].
Materials and methods. 2.1. Growing microalgae. The following nutrient media were used to microalgae in and cultivate them: «Chu-13» nutrient medium (g/1): KN03 - 0.2, K2HP04 - O.4., MgS04x7H20 - 0.1., CaC12x6H20 - 0.08., iron citrate - 0.01, citric acid - 0.1., boron - 0.5 ppm., MnS04xH20 - 0.5 ppm., Na2Mo04x2H20 - 0.02 ppm, pH 7.5 [9,10,11].
2.2. The object of the study. The object of the study was Chlorella sp 22 from the collection of the Department of Biotechnology of Chirchik State University, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The algae were grown by the method of accumulative culture in identical 0.5 1 flasks on a luminostat with continuous illumination from below. The illumination intensity was 1500 1. The microalgae were bubbled with air at a rate of 75.5 1/h using an aquarium
2.3. The second object: of the study was dry biomass of Chlorella sp 22 and Spirulluna Platensis powder from «Helper Med» (Federal Republic of Russia), mixed in a 1:1 ratio.
2.4. Feeding quails, feed quails in the control variant: contains corn, sunflower, soybean meal, wheat, fish meal and animal fat. Mineral additives include salt, phosphates and chalk. The composition should include lysine. The protein content should be at least 35 percent, minerals - 5 percent, grain - 60 percent. With this composition, about 20 grams per quail will be enough for the daily requirement for quail feed.
Results and discussion. In our experiment, water samples brought from Chlorella sp 22 from the collection of the Department of Biotechnology of Chirchik State University, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation of the Republic of Uzbekistan were added to 500 ml "Chu-13" liquid nutrient medium at a temperature of 26°-28°C and light. 1500 Lk (Lux) was blown by air (figure 1). The samples became in 14-20 days, allowing them to be seen under a light microscope. A stock culture of microalgae was grown to a titer of 112 h/ml. after that, they were diluted to 3><107-3.5*107, planted on 2% agar medium and grown at 26 °C-28 °C and 1500 Lk of light. The resulting microalgae cultivation in liquid mineral nutrient medium.
In order to feed young quails from the first day, quail chicks were crushed together with boiled egg shells. On the second day, two grams of cottage cheese was added to each bird. On the third day, quails of the experimental variant were given a solution of chlorella sp 22 strain biomass and spirulina powder mixed in a ratio of 1:1 to feed in a ratio of 10:1. On the fourth day, the amount of eggs in the feed was reduced by 10% and the amount of cottage cheese was increased by 10%. At this time, young quails were fed at least five times a day. Drinking bowls should always be filled with microalgae suspension at room temperature (Fig 1.).
In the second week of development, the chickens are transferred to quail feed, a mixture of microalgae is added to the quail feed in a ratio of 10:1. Feeding was continued for 30 days, the weight of the experimental quails was weighed every 24 hours.
Based on the results obtained, it was established that the average weight of quails in the control variant was 172-180 g. It was established that the average weight of quails in the experimental variant was 225-227 g.
With this trend, the period of sexual maturity of quail chicks in the control variant was 42-45 days, and in quails in the kissing experiment, the reproductive process was completed on the 38-42 day of the experiment.
To eliminate the risk of contamination of drinking water, it is necessary to choose the most suitable design, and also regularly change the water at least twice a day. Not only their well-being, but also the taste characteristics of future products depend on
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how well and fully quails drink. The constant availability of well-prepared water is the basis for the health of quails, as well as proper nutrition.
Fig 1. Feeding Japanese quails with chlorella suspension A) experimental variant B)
control.
Conclusions. In this experimental trial, a suspension of Chlorella sp 22 strain and a suspension of Spirulina platensis were added to traditional feed in a ratio of 1/1 per day, the duration of the experiment was 45 days. It should be noted that the introduction of a suspension of Chlorella sp 22 and Spirulina platensis strains (Xelper Med) into quail feed during the first six weeks of life of hatched quails increases the survival rate of the young and their weight under the experimental period conditions. The 225-227g variant compared to the 172-180g control resulted in an increase of -33g in 45 days. Therefore, the inclusion of microalgae in feed is very promising in the production of feed for the development of a new direction, such as quail breeding.
Adult quails should be given most of their food at the last feeding. It is better if it is food with a high grain content, which is slowly digested. With such feeding of quails at home, the bird will always be full. It has been noted that additional feeding with a suspension of microalgae at room temperature is more effective.
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