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726 QUTal and Practice A^ÍCU""^
Journal Bulletin of Stavropol Region
UDK 338.48
Ivolga A. G., Radishauskas T. A.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES IN TOURISM: COMMUNICATION AND DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS «AGRI-» AND «RURAL» TOURISM
Abstract: In the article the specificity of rural tourism and agritourism, the results of the analysis of foreign and domestic scientific and practical approaches to the formation of the conceptual apparatus of tourism in rural areas. Among the myriad of definitions and scientific views on the agricultural tourism has not yet found a final and satis-
Ivolga A. G. -
Ph. D., Associate Professor, Department of Tourism and Service
Stavropol State Agrarian University Stavropol, Russia E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
Tourism currently represents one of the leading directions of socio - economic and cultural life of many countries and regions of the world. Today tourism is one of the most profitable and dynamically developing branches of the economy, which has a strong multiplicative effect on total the activities of the various sectors of the economy. The industry of tourism and hospitality should be considered a complex industry, based on the integrated use of economic, cultural and natural potential of the territory.
Allocate quite a lot of varieties of tourism. Obviously, it is caused by the fact that tourism represents open system with specific social and economic and technical characteristics. Therefore growth of number of types of tourism is promoted both by factors of external environment, and elements of the internal environment of tourism («motive -a resource - transport - accommodation - food -knowledge») [1].Therefore streamlining of the conceptual and categorical framework, including such directions of research as identification, systemati-zation and classification of types of tourism continue to remain actual. First of all differentiation similar on the displayed essence of concepts, but used for determination of different types of tourism, and also determination of communications between them is reasonable. One of such types of tourism are agri-tourism and rural tourism.
Discussion
We agree with Trofimova S. M. who believes that rural tourism constitutes the special complex type of tourism uniting forms of organized and unorganized rest of tourists in the rural zone for the purpose of familiarizing with the rural nature, acquaintance to a rural conduct of life, acquaintance with specifics of local agricultural environmental management (at the professional and nonprofessional level) [4].
factory answer. The authors follow the idea of separation of concepts of rural and agritourism.
Key words: agricultural tourism, rural tourism, tourist activity.
Radishauskas T. A. -
Assistant of the Department of Tourism and Service, Stavropol State Agrarian University Stavropol, Russia E-mail: [email protected]
At the same time rural tourism includes visit by tourists of the rural zone for the purpose of rest and (or) the organizations of entertainments in environmentally friendly (rather residential locations) areas. The main motives for the choice of rest as rural tourism can be considered the following: lack of means for rest in expensive luxurious resort or in hotel; the settled conduct of life in the rural zone; need of improvement for the climatic conditions recommended by the doctor; big time to carry out proximity to the nature and an opportunity in the fresh air, in the wood; an opportunity to eat environmentally friendly products; urgent need for quiet measured life; an opportunity to be acquainted with other culture and customs.
Sharpley R. in his works believes that the agri-tourism is actually only a segment of rural tourism, like cultural tourism, ecotourism, adventure tourism, marine tourism and other tourism activities in rural areas. Generally, rural tourism is seen as a valuable and growing sector of the overall tourism market, representing a significant source of income to rural economies [9].
Christian M. Rogerson, Jayne M. Rogerson consider agritourism as is a subset of rural tourism which encompasses recreational experiences involving visits to rural settings or rural environments for the purpose of participating in or experiencing activities, events or attractions not readily available in urbanized areas. Among a host of activities which can be linked to agritourism in developed world settings are country accommodation or lodging, farm restaurants and wineries, ranch resorts, leisure fishing, the letting of rooms on farms, and the provision of food to travelers [8].
There is a perception, which is difficult not to agree that the concept of rural tourism is considered as a synonym of agri - or rural tourism, is quite traditional but not quite correct. It is, in particular, sub-
A gricultural
Bulletin of Stavropol Region
№ 4(24)/2 Supplement, 2016
stantiates T. A. Volkova, Natalia Goncharova and S. H. Margaryan in their article, specially devoted to the study of the concept of «rural tourism» [3]. This article notes the typicality of the situation, in which the authors discuss these concepts, and often the concepts of agricultural and ecological tourism as related and do not require differentiation. Moreover, this approach is prevalent as theoreticians and practitioners of tourism, including rural.
According to extensive literature (e.g. Hall et al., 2005; Sidali, 2011), rural tourism destination is based on a complementary tourist product, consisting of several partial products (e.g. accommodation, transport, food, trade, attractions etc.) integrated in final experience which is offered to visitors. These individual tourism businesses are strongly interdependent and interrelated, so their collaboration is condition sine qua non for their further development [7,10].
A. D. Chudnovsky in his writings, associating rural tourism with tourism in rural areas, with the allocation of ethnic, religious, cultural, educational, health, professional, business, sport, adventure tourism and leisure tourism [6]. Note, however, that A. D. Chudnovskii is not explained until the end of the separation of work and business of tourism and their implementation in rural areas seems to us, though possible, but, in General, unlikely, at least in any significant scale. And finally, what is fundamentally important, agritourism is not distinguished as an independent type of tourism activity. Similar approach to determination of this type of tourist activities occurs at M. B. Birzhakov[1], but he calls it rural tourism and like A. D. Chudnovsky does not allocate in its structure of agrarian tourism in any way.
At the same time, for agrarian tourism which in a number of the countries with a level of development of rural tourism high today the distinctive features inherent are characteristic it is exclusive to it and absent at other types of tourism. Typical such feature is an opportunity to reduce round cost (to receive a discount rate and food up to absolute) in exchange for participation of the tourist in agricultural production of the host party.
In this regard, it seems only logical that agricultural tourism (i.e. associated with the production of agricultural products and processing agricultural land) is a component of rural tourism. It is believed that agritourism organically combines the features of special recreation and tourism, including ecological and green. But it is fair to say that these types of tourism can be combined in one trip, and to exist separately. Agricultural tourism may not have the features of eco-tourism, and they cannot be identified.
Among modern approaches to the interpretation of the concept of agritourism should highlight the approach N. E. Cudly who understands agritourism as «an organized stay of tourists in a rural family that deals with agriculture and other activities» [5]. This interpretation appears to be somewhat superficial, because not emphasized the characteristic features of agritourism - participation experience in agricul-
tural production and does not show the farmhouse beyond the family vacation, the definition makes basic reference to living in a peasant family, thereby excluding other means of accommodation, even within rural areas. However, in the definition refers to "the farm business", what separates agritourism from rural tourism.
Thus, it is possible to allocate passive and active approaches of activities of the tourist in the rural zone. The first of them (more traditional), includes stay of tourists in the rural zone, for the purpose of supervision over daily work of the owner, residents of the rural village without any essential participation in their activities. Such concept can be determined as «Life-seeing». On the other hand, the concept better known as "life-participation" or in our opinion, agritourism, represents a new, modern method of pastime of visitors in the rural zone in case of which tourists accept active participation in the most part of the agricultural and other works organized by the owner.
In this regard, Sedali, K. L., Spiller, A., & Schulze, B. are three main characteristics of agritourism in the countryside:
1. An opportunity to satisfy needs of the tourist by practical participation in real life in a country family, that is active participation in a production process of foodstuff, drinks, participation in daily work on a farm, and also in events in local community (religious, economic, cultural, gastronomic, etc.);
2. An opportunity for some groups of people who look for non-standard methods of carrying out free time and who want to gain new knowledge and skills in the field of agricultural industry;
3. Chance for the tourists to take care of domestic animals, participate in cultivation of vegetables, fruits and farming culture in an authentic rural environment, which is different from those where most of the visitors come from [7].
Conclusions
Summing up the results of our research of origin and essence of the concept «agrarian tourism» we draw the following conclusions.
Distinctions of phenomena of rural and agrarian tourism are essential. Rural tourism is the type of tourism realized in administrative-territorial borders of the village (i.e. classification by a type by the tourist of activities for the place of its implementation). Agritourism represents the tourism type realized with compulsory use of agricultural production for the purpose of a recreation, education and active attraction to traditional forms of managing.
Between rural and agrarian tourism there can be an interrelation, but it is not a sign of this or that type, also it is not obligatory. Agrarian tourism is not always part of rural tourism and can be implemented on urban areas.
The exceptional characteristics of rural tourism are:
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Journal Bulletin of Stavropol Region
- the presence of agricultural (agricultural) production;
- elements of involving tourists in the process of agrarian (agricultural) production.
In the framework of agricultural tourism, the consumer can be presented with a comprehensive tourism product. A key role in the tourism product is the satisfaction with the educational purposes of the tourists.
Agritourism as a form of tourism plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the
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