CC BY
34THE USE OF GRAY SYSTEM THEORY «ANALYSIS OF THE ADVANTAGES» OF UKRAINE AND THE WORLD MEN'S DECATHLON RESULTS COMPARATIVE STUDY Wang Xinna Hebei institute of Physical Education Kharkiv State Akademy of Physical Culture
Annotation. Decathlon in track and field is a complex project, by the specific individual components, but does not mean that all of the simple sum of the individual, it is by the specific combination of a single indivisible integrity of the competition. All-around track and field project to some extent a reflection of a country’s overall level of athletics. Ukraine through the world’s best all-around athlete with the differences in test scores to prove that Ukraine and the world there is a big gap compared to the athletes. In order to find differences between the subjective and objective factors and to explore ways to narrow the gap, this article attempts to the application of the theory of gray “advantage analysis” of Ukraine and the world all-around athletes compared.
Key words: decathlon, a gray system theory, analysis of advantages, comparison ,research
Анотація. Ван Синьна. Порівняльні результати дослідження спортсменів України й світу в чоловічому десятиборстві з використанням теорії сірих систем “Аналіз переваг”. По кон -
кретних окремих компонентах десятиборство в легкій атлетиці є складним видом спорту. Однак, його специфічні індивідуальні компоненти це не проста сума, а певна комбінація видів у неподільній цілісності змагання. Десятиборство до деякої міри є відбиттям загального рівня розвитку легкої атлетики в країні. Українські кращі спортсмени беруть участь у різних представницьких змаганнях і їхні результати мають великий розрив із кращими атлетами миру. Для того, щоб знайти розходження між суб’єктивними й об’єктивними факторами, а також вивчи© Wang Xinna, 2009
ти шляхи скорочення цього розриву почата спроба застосування теорію сірих систем “Аналіз переваг” у порівнянні десятиборців України й світу.
Ключові слова: десятиборство, теорія сірих систем, аналіз переваг, порівняння, дослідження.
Аннотация. Ван Синьна. Сравнительные результаты исследования спортсменов Украины и мира в мужском десятиборье с использованием теории серых систем «Анализ преимуществ». По конкретным отдельным компонентам десятиборье в легкой атлетике является сложным видом спорта. Однако, его специфические индивидуальные компоненты это не простая сумма, а определенная комбинация видов в неделимой целостности соревнования. Десятиборье в некоторой степени является отражением общего уровня развития легкой атлетики в стране. Украинские лучшие спортсмены участвуют в различных представительных соревнованиях и их результаты имеют большой разрыв с лучшими атлетами мира. Для того, чтобы найти различия между субъективными и объективными факторами, а также изучить пути сокращения этого разрыва предпринята попытка применения теории серых систем «Анализ преимуществ» в сравнении десятиборцев Украины и мира.
Ключевые слова: десятиборье, теория серых систем, анализ преимуществ, сравнение, исследование.
Introduction
Decathlon is a technical track and field complex. Subkey is a game, and operation of technology, and competition in a long time running, jumping, voted to change rapidly, and the rules of strict high-skill, high-intensity comprehensive sports track and field. Athletes not only need to have a good basis for the special training and a comprehensive physical fitness level and multi-purpose, all the technical and tactical proficiency, but also have the courage to struggle and indomitable will of good quality to compete with the ability to respond rapidly moving. Although the campaign
has been by all the individual specific component, but it will not mean a simple sum of all individual, it is by the specific combination of a single indivisible integrity of the competition. In the competition, determine the outcome of the principle of athletes to participate in the competition is the purpose of accrued points, that is, to decide the winning score. With the level of all sports, athletes overall strength, the lack of competition in any one of them scored, all-around game to lose its meaning. All-around track and field project to some extent a reflection of a country’s overall level of athletics. At present, most of all-round study of movement for allround sports training, the all-powerful selection of athletes, as well as technical analysis of elite athletes. Lack of all movement between the sub-item total score of the relationship between the research and analysis
Research purposes
Application of gray system theory “advantage analysis” of Ukraine’s best player and the world decathlon best-owned projects, respectively, for comparison, to identify their respective advantages and disadvantages related to the project and its relationship with total score of the objective laws. In order to identify differences in the subjective and objective factors, and seek to narrow the gap.
Research results
all-around athlete performance comparison
Yalta, Ukraine in 2008 through the National Championship men’s decathlon (formerly 8) of the total score and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games men’s
Table 1
Ukraine and the world menS decathlon results (before 8)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Average X S p
2008 Ukraine Championship (Yalta) 8086 7258 7112 7002 6155 5870 5782 5165 6553.75 964.15 <0.01
2008 Beijing Olympic Games 8551 8527 8328 8253 8241 8238 8220 8551 8393.63 207.78
Table 2
Championship in 2008 in Ukraine (Yalta) men ’s decathlon results prior to the original eight
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1-8 of Total 8086 7258 7112 7002 6155 5870 5782 5165
100 meters 10.65 11.36 11.74 11.26 12 12.52 11.49 12.34
Long jump 7.72 6.86 7.18 6.28 6.15 5.71 6.7 6.31
The individual results Shot Put 14.79 14.51 13.31 12.48 12.1 13 10.38 12.09
High jump 2.01 1.86 2.1 1.92 1.8 1.86 1.71 1.86
400 meters 47.46 49.46 51.61 49.39 52.22 53.8 55.32 56.28
100-meter hurdles 14.96 15.27 15.53 15.88 15.9 17.13 16.45 16.44
Discus 39.97 44.65 41.62 37.18 37.4 31 28.75 30.22
Pole vault 4.4 4 3.5 4.6 3.5 4 4 0
Javelin 49.82 52 54.59 49.32 40.34 39.38 45.27 47.58
1500 meters 262.3 293.6 292.4 305.7 285.6 284.2 334.1 334.2
decathlon (formerly 8) to carry out the differences in test scores (see Table 1). We can see that the Ukrainian men’s decathlon results compared with the world all-around performance gap. Differences in test p <0.01, significant difference.
Advantage Analysis
Analysis of the advantages is the gray system theory in the correlation analysis, multiple comparison with a number of reference curves constitute a curve associated matrix, matrix, through its calculation of the quantitative factors, and then a large number of relevant factors to distinguish the main, sub, inferior factors that determine the course of comparison. That is, once again the relative of all the factors which impact the overall schedule has about the process than the quantitative. Application of gray relational analysis theory, the principle of the individual all-around in the correlation of the total order to determine the size of the larger correlation for the advantages of their projects, their correlation times are the advantages of the project for the meeting, who owned a small correlation projects of non-edge. Through our country and the world’s top eight all-around advantages of athletes and non-edge contrast of the correlation analysis, analysis to calculate the weight-related values can be found on their respective total scores of the key factors affect the host, training in the use of reasonable methods to obtain better training results, to improve the level of all sports.
Ukraine men’s decathlon total score and individual analysis of the advantages
2008 championship in Ukraine (Yalta) men’s decathlon results prior to the original eight (see Table 2). Analysis of these advantages (1) determine the factors listed Mother factor: y0 (decathlon total score) Sub-factors: x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 (individual results).
(2) initialization processing (factors listed in paragraph 1 of this data for the denominator data for the remaining elements
6, 7 9 .8 ,0. =( c y 0.9799, 0.9845, 0.8790, 0.9537, 0.9850,
0.8933 );
x1=(1,1.0667, 1.0335, 0.9591, 1.0657, 1.0433, 0.9177,
1.0740 );
x2=(1,0.8886, 1.0466, 0.8747, 0.9793, 0.9285, 1.1734,
0.9418 );
x3=(1,0.9811, 0.9173,0.9376, 0.9696, 1.0744, 0.7985,
1.31647 );
x4=(1,0.9254, 1.1290, 0.9143, 0.9375, 1.0333, 0.9194,
1.40877 );
x5=(1,1.0421, 1.0435, 0.9570, 1.0573, 1.0303, 1.0283,
1.0174 );
x6=(1,1.0207, 1.0170,1.0225, 1.0013, 1.0774, 0.9603,
0.69994 );
x7=(1,1.1171, 0.9321, 0.8933, 1.0059, 0.8289, 0.9274,
1.0511 );
x8=(1,0.9091, 0.8750, 1.3143, 0.7609, 1.1429, 1.0000,
0.80000 );
x9=(1,1.0438, 1.0498, 0.9035, 0.8179, 0.9762, 1.1496,
1.0510 );
3 9 =( c x , 0.9959, 1.0455, 0.9342, 0.9951, 1.1756,
1.0003)
(3) for the smallest difference and the polarization of the polarization maximum differential
y and Xj | y0(k)- x1(k)| = |1-1|, |0.8976-1.0667|, |0.9799-1.0335|, |0.9845-0.9591|, |0.8790-1.0657|,
|o.9537-1.04331, |0.9850-0.9177|, |0.8933-1.0740| = (0,0.1691, 0.0536, 0.0254, 0.1867, 0.0896, 0.0673, 0.1087)
Empathy
y0 and x2=(0,0.0090, 0.0668, 0.1099, 0.1003, 0.0252, 0.1884, 0.0485);
y0 and x3=(0,0.0835, 0.0626, 0.0469, 0.0905, 0.1207, 0.1865, 0.2715);
y0 and x4=(0,0.0278, 0.1494, 0.0702, 0.0585, 0.0796, 0.0657, 0.1944);
y0 and x5=(0,0.1445, 0.0636, 0.0275, 0.1783, 0.0766, 0.0432, 0.1241);
y0 and x6=(0,0.1231, 0.0371, 0.0380,0.1222, 0.1237, 0.0247, 0.1061);
y0 and x7=(0,0.2195, 0.0477, 0.0912, 0.1269, 0.1248, 0.0576, 0.1578);
y0 and x8=(0,0.0115, 0.1049, 0.3298, 0.1182, 0.1892, 0.0150, 0.8933);
y0 and x9=(0,0.1462, 0.0699, 0.0811, 0.0600, 0.0225, 0.1646, 0.1577);
y0 and x10=(0,0.2217, 0.0160, 0.0610, 0.0552, 0.0414, 0.1906, 0.1070)
Is the smallest total deviation of the levels 0, 2 the largest difference of 0.8933
(4) seek correlation (first order correlation coefficient, and then order correlation)
Correlation coefficient = (polarization of the smallest difference + 0.5 x polarization of the smallest difference maximum differential polarization) / (the first difference +0.5 x polarization maximum differential)
(... 0.5 x 0.8933 = 0.4467)
Y0 and xj the correlation coefficient:
Z(1)0 Z(2)0 Z(3)0 Z(4)0 Z(5)0
Z(6)0 Z
S(7)0 0.0673+0.4467
Z = 0+0.4467
Z(8)0 = 0.0896+0.4467
1
0+0.4467 = , 0+0.4467 = 1;
0+0.4467
0.1691+0.4467
0+0.4467
0.0536+0.4467
0+0.4467
0.0254+0.4467
0+0.4467
0.1867+0.4467
0+0.4467
0.0896+0.4467
0+0.4467
= 0.7254;
= 0.0829;
= 0.9462;
= 0.7053;
= 0.8329; — = n «¿;qi •
That the correlation
Y = -1 x (1+0.7254+0.8929+0.9462+0.7053+0.8329
01 8
+0.8691+0.7120) =0.8355 Similarly y0 and x2 correlation
Y02= IT x(1+0.9803+0.8700+0.8026+0.8167+0.9465
02 8
+0.7034+0.9021)=0.0.8777 y0 correlation with the x3
Y03= -1 x(1+0.8426+0.8771+0.9050+0.8315+0.7873
03 8
+0.7054+0.6220)=0.8214 y0 correlation with x4
Y04= -8 x (1+0.9415+0.7497+0.8641+0.8843+0.8487
+0.8719+0.6967)=0.8571
y0 correlation with the x5
Y05 = IT x(1+0.7555+0.8754+0.9419+0.7148+0.853
05 8
7+0.9117+0.7826)=0.8545 y0 correlation with x6
Y06 = "8 x (1+0.7839+0.9232+0.9216+0.7852+0.7832
+0.9476+0.8081)=0.8691
y0 correlation with x7
Ynv = IT x (1+0.6705+0.9034+0.8304+0.7788+0.781
07 8
6+0.8858+0.7389)=0.8237 y0 correlation with x8
Y08 = IT x(1+0.9749+0.8098+0.5753+0.7908+0.7025
08 8
+0.9675+0.3334)=0.7693 y0 correlation with x9
Y09 = IT x(1+0.7535+0.8647+0.8464+0.8797+0.9520
09 8
+0.7308+0.7390)=0.8458 y0 correlation with the x10
Yin = IT x(1+0.6683+0.9654+0.8799+0.8900+0.9152
10 8
+0.7010+0.8067)=0.8533
(5) depending on the size of correlation of individual
(factor) weights of the total order
Total correlation (total weight) EY = Y01 + Y02 + Y03 +
Y + y + Y + Y + Y + Y + Y = 0 8355 + 0 8777 +
04 05 06 07 08 09 10
0.8214 + 0.8571 + 0.8545 + 0.8691 + 0.8237 + 0.7693
+ 0.8458 + 0.8533 = 8.4072 0.8355
Y01 (weight)= 84072 = 00994;
0.8777
Yo2 (weight)= 84072 = 0 1044;
0.8214
Y03 (weight)= = 00977;
Yo4 (weight)= I8!71 = °.1019;
0.8545
Yo5 (weight)= 84072 = 0 1016;
0.8691
Yo6 (weight)= 84072 = 0 1034;
0.8237
Yo7 (weight)= 84077 = 00980;
yos (weight)= n7!!=00915;
0.8458
Y09 (weight)= 84072 = 01006
0.8533
Yio (weight)= 84533 = 01015;
While the total weight of each individual order as follows:
Y02(long jump) = 0.1044 > Y^Wm column) = 0.1034
> Y04(high jump) =0.1019 > Y°5(400 meters) = 0.1016 > Y10(1-500m) = 0.1015 > Y^avelin) = 0.1006 > Y^^ meters) = 0.0994 > Y07(discus) = 0.1576 > Y°3(shot put) = 0.0977 > Y08(pole vault) = 0.0915
Total World men’s decathlon and the advantages of a single analysis
2008 Olympic men’s decathlon results prior to the original eight, as shown in table 3.
In accordance with Ukraine over the same National Championship men’s decathlon “advantage analysis” approach to the calculation steps and the Olympic Games men’s decathlon (formerly 8) the total weight of each single order of:
Y02(long jump) = 0.1218 > Y03(shot put) = 0.1092 > Y°5(400 meters) = 0.1057 > Y^pole vault) = 0.1013
> Y07(discus) = 0.0998 > Y1°(1500 meters) = 0.0996 > Y^Wm column) = 0.0938 > Y04(high jump) = 0.0926
> YreCjavelin) = 0.0916 > Y^mO meters) = 0.0845 Ukraine and the world men’s decathlon (formerly 8) total score and individual “advantage analysis” comparing the results of
As can be seen from Table 4: The advantages of the project, Ukraine’s advantages include the field events and track projects to the long jump for the greatest advantage, that advantage with the world’s best players and similar. Total score from the point of view, very different, a difference of 1839.88 points. Shows that the level of Ukraine’s movement compared with the world players, the larger the gap, it is necessary to improve performance, enhance the physical fitness training, and individual skills training.
Conclusion
Through Ukraine and the world’s best decathlon performance comparison analysis, that the Ukraine’s shot put and pole vault is the weakest of the non-edge projects, the world’s best players all the advantages of these two projects, they should focus on the development. In training should be planned and reasonably arrange the rhythm of the son of the training, the sub-item will be able to be co-ordinated development, thereby enhancing the overall training effectiveness, to world-class forward.
Prospects for further research Theoretical Analysis of decency through the
Table3
2008 Olympic men’s decathlon results prior to the original eight
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8791 8551 8527 8328 8253 8241 8238 8220
100 meters 10.44 10.96 10.9 11.07 11.26 11.21 10.53 11.12
Long jump 7.78 7.61 7.33 7.37 7.08 7.68 7.56 7.29
ts ul s a al idua individ ■S T Shot Put 16.27 14.39 14.49 16.53 15.42 14.78 15.15 13.23
High jump 1.99 2.11 2.05 2.08 1.96 2.11 1.96 2.05
400 meters 48.92 47.3 47.91 50.91 49.51 49.54 47.7 49.65
100-meter hurdles 13.93 14.21 14.15 14.47 14.21 14.71 14.37 14.37
Discus 53.79 44.58 44.45 50.04 45.17 45.5 48.39 45.39
Pole vault 5 5 4.7 5 5 4.8 4.3 5.2
Javelin 70.97 60.23 73.98 64.01 65.4 | 63.93 | 51.59 | 60.21 |
1500 meters 306.59 247.47 269.17 301.56 269.29 289.63 268.94 272.9
Table 4
In Ukraine and the world men’s decathlon (formerly 8) total score compared with the single edge table
n
o
mp
o
C
Advantages of the project (Weight over 0.1)
Non-edge projects (Weight under 0.1)
Average
scores
Differences between sub
ine
rai
kr
U
Y02(long jump)=0.1044 Y^Wm column)=0.1034
Y0<t(high jump)=0.1019
Y°5(400 meters)=0.1016
Y10(1500m)=0.1015
Y°9(javelin)=0.1006
Y°1(100 meters)=0.0994
Y°7(discus)=0.1576
Y03(shot put)=0.0977
Y08(pole vault)=0.0915
6553.75
1839.8
ld
rl
o
Y02(long jump)=0.1218
Y03(shot put)=0.1092
Y°5(400 meters)=0.1057
Y08(pole vault)=0.1013
Y07(discus)=0.0998
Y1°(1500 meters)=0.0996 Y^Wm column)=0.0938
Y°4(high jump)=0.0926
Y09(javelin)=0.0916
Y°1(100 meters)=0.0845
8393.63
gray can be found in all movements of the sub-total score and the relationship between the comparative analysis. The future, we can use the gray system theory analysis of the ways to further training in the training of various indicators of the extent of the impact on the results, in order to provide a better all-round training theory.
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Came to edition 05.05.2009. [email protected]
