CC BY
36
VETERINARY SCIENCE
UDC 636.2.034
Danilchenko Sergey Valeryevich
managing veterinary clinic of Dr. Yaroshenko, Maikop Gugushvili Nino Nodarievna doctor of biology, professor of microbiology, epizootology and virusology
faculty of veterinary medicine Serdyuchenko Irina Vladimirovna candidate of veterinary sciences, associate professor of microbiology, epizootology and virusology
faculty of veterinary medicine Kuban state agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar
DOI: 10.24411/2520-6990-2019-10329 THE SPREAD, DIAGNOSTICS, TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS OF TRICHOPHYTOSIS OF
CATTLE
Abstract
In this article distribution, diagnostics, methods of treatment and prevention of trichophytosis of cattle on the example of FSUE PZ "Ladoga" are studied. Conclusions about the prevention of the spread of the disease.
Keywords: clinical signs, trichophytosis, cattle, distribution, diagnostics
Ringworm (trichophytia and microsporia) are widespread in Russia, which causes significant economic damage as a result of animal disease, reduced quality of raw leather and the cost of medical and preventive measures [4, p. 19; 9, p. 234]. Trichophytia and microsporia pose a serious biological danger to humans [3, p. 14; 14, p. 43].
For therapy and prophylaxis of ringworm developed different specific biological products, medical supplies, and antibiotics [16, p.5]. However, despite the fact that there are certain therapeutic drugs, effective vaccines, the lack of an integrated approach to the treatment of animal patients with trichophytosis, as well as preventive immunization leads to outbreaks of this disease and a serious problem of treatment of dermatophy-tosis [8, p. 234]. Therefore, the problem of treatment and prevention of trichophytosis is relevant [15, p. 6].
To do this, it is necessary to develop and improve the treatment regimens with high therapeutic efficiency, the system of prevention of trichophytosis [2, p. 54].
The aim of the work was to study the distribution, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of trichophytia of cattle.
In the analysis of the epizootic situation in FGUP breeding factory "Ladoga", it was noted that the farm was recorded isolated cases of the incidence of derma-tophytosis in calves [9, p.18]. This may be due to the lack of vaccination or the omission of revaccination after 10 to 14 days [5, p. 237].
In the study of clinical signs of the disease in cattle on a dairy farm, a superficial form of the disease was revealed in calves in the group up to 6 months of age [13, p. 37]. During the examination of sick animals, flaky areas of the skin in the neck and head were noted [6, p. 86]. In animals noted itching, anxiety, scratching the affected areas on the walls, enclosing structures and other objects [12, p. 172]. Upon inspection of the plots destruction like animal fur was dull and lacked lustre,
in close proximity to affected areas of the hair were observed obramlenie part, when removing the scales opened bezvolosy surface [3, p. 14].
Diagnosis for trichophytia is carried out comprehensively, taking into account the epizootic situation, clinical symptoms and is necessarily confirmed by laboratory studies [1, p. 26]. Based on the epizootic situation of clinical signs of the disease, a preliminary diagnosis of ringworm was made [7, p. 50].
For laboratory diagnostics, the material from the affected skin areas on the border with healthy was selected and sent to the GBU "Kropotkin regional veterinary laboratory", where the trichophytic pathogen type Tr Was isolated. verrucosum and thus put the final diagnosis on trichophytosis.
In the veterinary laboratory for the isolation of the causative agent of trichophytosis, the affected hair is freed from crusts, crushed on a glass calcined over the flame of the burner or in a sterile Petri dish and a bacterial loop, crops are sown on the nutrient medium of agar Saburo with the addition of keratin hydrolysate. Then incubated in a thermostat at a temperature of 22 -30 °C for 3-5 days and viewed the growth of colonies. The grown colonies will microscopist using a light microscope. This sterile bapatla remove pieces of mycelium colonies and placed on a sterile glass slide in a drop of 50% glycerin solution, then cover with a cover glass and microscope conduct.
On the dense nutrient medium of the colony of the microorganism of the Tr Species. verrucosum grow on 14-26 days. When viewed, they are white, gray, leathery, elevated or flat, folded or bumpy, growing edge smooth, radiant, spider. Mycelium they branching, mikrokonidii (aleyrii) oval, pear-shaped, arthrospores rounded shape. Chlamydospores terminal or intercalary. Microconidia are elongated.
In the differential diagnosis necessary to exclude microsporia, since the microscopic spores of the fungus of the genus Microsporum and less localized in a chain
or mosaic, it is also necessary to eliminate the scabies and eczema. In different types of scabies, the pattern of skin lesions is significantly different, and microscopy reveals scabies mites, and in eczema the affected areas are not limited and do not affect the hair [11, p. 24].
To carry out therapeutic and preventive measures, sick animals were divided into two groups: 10 calves one control (treatment with a vaccine against trichophytosis and juglon), the second group of 10 calves experienced (vaccine against trichophytosis LTF-130, ointment "Yam-BK",5% p-R salicylic acid). The vaccine was administered intramuscularly in the area of cereals at a dose of 3.0 ml per 1 animal, twice with an interval of 10 days. The experiment took calves aged 6 months, live weight 160 - 200 kg. Therapy of the studied animals was carried out in a specially designated room in compliance with the sanitary requirements of maintenance and feeding.
Therapy of sick animals was carried out for 20 days with daily clinical examination. To prevent the spread of the disease among animals, immunization of disadvantaged livestock on the farm was carried out with the LTF-130 vaccine against trichophytosis according to the instruction for use, starting with calves of 30 days of age, followed by revaccination in 10 days, in the amount of 80 heads. Then conducted an emergency disinfection of the buildings which was suspicious in infected animals to prevent the spread of trichophytosis atomized spray datacredito, Desalin-F.
As a result of treatment of patients with tri-chophytic animals recovery was noted on the 19 th day in the experimental group, but in the affected areas of hair grew poorly and alopecia remained on the skin. Full recovery was to 16 days.
In the control group of animals, recovery processes were observed on the 14th day after the start of therapy, and on the 20th day the crust completely disappeared and there was no exudate. In the future, in areas of the former destruction was observed hair growth. Full recovery was observed by 25 days. Thus, the high therapeutic efficacy of the proposed method of treatment of trichophytosis was confirmed.
Summary:
1. It was found that in 2018, escherichiosis 37%, streptococcosis 24%, pseudomoniasis 13%, enterococ-cal infection 15%, staphylococcosis 10%, trichophytosis 1% were registered at the farm in the FGUP breeding plant "Ladoga".
2. In FSUE breeding plant "Ladoga" observed the incidence of trichophytosis of calves aged 6 months to 1 year in the autumn.
3. The use of the vaccine LTF-130, 5% salicylic acid solution and ointment "Yam-BK" in the treatment of patients with animal trichophytosis provides recovery for 16-19 days in the experimental group.
4. The economic efficiency of treatment for trichophytosis in cattle was 2 rubles per 1 ruble of costs.
5. A plan of measures for the prevention of trichophytosis of cattle in FSUE breeding plant "Ladoga" Ust-Labinsk district.
Production proposals:
1. For the treatment of patients with trichophytosis in animals recommend the use of the vaccine LTF-130, a 5% solution of salicylic acid ointment "Yam-BC".
2. The developed plan of measures for the prevention of trichophytosis of cattle in the FGUP breeding plant "Ladoga" is recommended to be used in other farms.
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