CC BY
41
The role of science — fiction in the formation of society
Section 1. Linguistics
Abdullayeva Xumar Valiaddin, Senior Lecturer of Tafakkur University E-mail: [email protected]
The role of science — fiction in the formation of society
Abstract: In this article the researcher has decided to show science — fiction as the first step towards progress, as it allows us to imagine the future we want, and consider ways to work towards it. It also makes us aware of futures we wish to avoid, and helps us to prevent them. It is change, continuing change, inevitable change that is the dominant factor in society today. Most importantly, science — fiction is the only genre that depicts how society could function differently.
Keywords: science — fiction; imagination; fairy — tale; fantasy; utopia.
Artistic works play a major role in formation of For these reasons teachers try to rapidly develop this the society and undoubtedly, the influence of realistic ability in children. Of course, it is impossible to achieve
works is more essential, powerful and effective. All leading scientists, pedagogues particularly mention the educational significance of artistic works written realistically. Besides, artistic works written in fantastic genre also have a particular and decisive significance which cannot be substituted with anything else, in education and proper formation of the people of a certain age. This is pedagogically associated with the several issues; first and foremost, ability of fantasy (or imagination, dream) as a special form of psychic and mental activity, is closely related to all emotional activity of a person. Fantasy is a talent playing an important role in the social life and issues of cognition of the nature which are necessary for human and help him or her not only in childhood, but also throughout the lifetime and in all spheres of his or her creativity [1, 128 p].
While speaking about the significance of fantasy or imagination, it should be noted that, this ability is so precious. Wrongfully it is believed that, this is only needed for a poet or a writer. That is nonsense. Even mathematics requires imagination. Even differential equations and integral calculations would not be discovered without imagination. Imagination is a quality having a great value.
It has long been proven in education world that, ability and desire to imagine become more powerful and active in childhood and in early youth. A person mainly comprehends and keeps everything in his or her mind through imagination and fantasy from childhood [2, 316 p].
this goal empty-handed. For this, a certain means is required and this is, first of all, science fiction works or fantastic tales.
Science fiction helps development of psychic abilities, increase of sensitivity and firstly, improvement and activation of imagination. While implementation of certain and permanent physical habits is important in order to strengthen the organism physically and prepare it for the struggle of life, science fiction also creates necessary habits for the development of psychic abilities and feelings. But this is not enough. Science fiction works and tales, at the same time, help strengthening ideology, directing morals in a right way, development of aesthetic tastes, enriching life practice, increasing proper knowledge on social life and nature.
In idealist philosophy ability of fantasy is comprehended separately from all other emotional life of a person, from mental, ideological, political and social activity of a person and evaluated as an abstract, independent spiritual ability.
Ability of imagination should not be considered a windfall, independent, abstract and natural quality which is separated from social environment and social being. Imagination is ability or quality which is closely associated and related with all mental-social activities and which participates in all creative and cognitive activities of human.
Besides showing the special role of fantasy in human mental and cognitive activity, it should also be men-
Section 1. Linguistics
tioned that imagination has an opportunity of going to religion and eventually to God, that is, it moves away from the life and reality.
Fantasy is that sort of thing that, it has an opportunity to forestall the life events, predict the future and therefore stimulate the work, and on the contrary, to move the reality, become worthless or unimportant thing. In the first case the imagination is extremely useful, but in the second case it is worthless.
Imagination may go beyond the natural course of events or following the other way it may go to the direction where any natural course of the events will never arrive. In the first case the imagination is harmless; even it may increase and strengthen seriousness of a hardworking man. In this type of imaginations there is nothing to destroy or undermine work force. If a person was completely deprived of such imagination and he or she was not able to run ahead and was not able to imagine whole and complete view of the creation which newly started to be formed under his or her hand, a person could not start and finish anything in art, science and life. If an "imaginer" takes seriously his or her imagination, by paying attention the life compares his or her observations with his or her imaginative plans and generally, works honestly in order to implement his or her imagination, then there will be no contradiction between the imagination and reality. When there is a contact between the imagination and the life, everything is in place. Unfortunately, such imaginations are not enough in our movement.
Imagining is a special, precious talent, on one hand. It has a capacity to cover the entity in all sciences, as well as, in art and all spheres of human activity. On the other hand, it is able to more deeply comprehend the development of entity, to more properly as certain natural real development of the events and to brighter notice the future. This is creative fantasy. In the second case, the fantasy or imagination may have such a worthless type that, on the contrary, it constraints human from life, reality, ruins reliance to the power of mind. And this is passive imagination.
Passive imagination is considered the most dangerous one of the spiritual, psychic abilities. Extremely fantastic narratives and stories going beyond the reality create dreaminess in human being. Fantasy being considered one of the most precious abilities and talents in human is created and formed together with other psychic and mental activities. As psychological abilities and mental activity develop, as the knowledge on the life increases and generally, cognitive ability deepens, ability to imagine develops together with them as well. Thus creative
fantasy is a special quality that it is the product of deep mind, life knowledge and scientific information and it is associated with them and generated from them.
Fantasy cannot be imagined that it is located in the certain place of the brain and it has an absolute, unchanged quality. In idealist philosophy fantasy is mainly evaluated as a gift, special ability which does not belong to many and is only granted to certain people. But indeed, fantasy is a talent which is related with the activity of awareness, associated with ideology and can only act together with the activities of them.
For instance, it is known to all that, "Utopia", one of the classic samples of science fiction works by Tomas More, "City of the sun" by Campanella and "Gulliver's travels" by Jonathan Swift are the works written on basis of criticism of the structure of the society of that time and in any case these cannot be considered the product of abstract fantasy. In creation of these works mind, thinking, ideology, political thoughts of the authors participated together with their fantasy. This sample clearly confirms that, be it real artistic or science fiction, the works cannot be considered the product of the fantasy only in the abstract case. Generally fantasy takes part in such works to some extent like in the science. That is why, works which are only the products of abstract fantasy are considered the most worthless in artistic creativity.
Thus creative fantasy which helps the work is a fantasy that is created in the process of cognition, generated from the world of the truth, conditioned with the social being of a person, combined with the desire and reason of further development of the being, conquering the nature to a large extent, seeing the life more beautiful. All kinds of fantasy in contrast to this are illusion and discouragement.
Many idealist esthetes in the history, as a tradition coming from the ancient time-from idealist Plato, explained the imagination especially, imagination and fantasy in art in the meaning of moving away from the life getting inspired, falling in abstract-romantic ideas, both turning away from life and moving away from self and ego. Undoubtedly, imagination has an opportunity to tend to such abstract, idealist direction. But such imagination or fantasy is an issue that is associated with weakness, narrowness and straggling of cognition or mind. Inability of human's deep perception of life and nature creates a condition for a change of his or her fantasy toward the wrong direction. Of course, condition, environment, social-economic development level of the society play a major and decisive role in this process. For instance, it was proved in the science that, the cases where
Syllable division in the english language
fantasy moves away from the life both in profession and science were more and stronger in the first stages of social development, in the periods where economy, culture and sciences did not improve yet.
Negative economy mainly stands on the different wrong imaginations on nature, human characteristics, spirits, magic powers and etc. Low-level economic development created a condition for and caused the wrong imaginations on nature in the prehistory. As the social development has certain concrete historic periods, human imagination, fantasy has certain concrete historic periods as well. It is not an abstract, absolute and unchanged quality. While talking on the fantasy idealist philosophers namely tried to hide this characteristic of it. For instance, though Hegel delivered proper opinions on the art, artistic creativity in the fantasy section of his esthetics, he mainly evaluated fantasy as an unchanged, absolute quality [3, 288-289 p].
Each fantastic character, each fantastic work, first of all, is the world view. Also, fantasy of artisan, scientist or poet is not a different thing from his or her ideology or world view and is an expression of it in the special form of his or her view toward the world, nature and society. Especially, human fantasy has born more social content after emerging classes and class societies.
Fantastic characters which previously only reflected hidden secrets now bear social attribute and start to be a representative of historic powers.
Thus human fantasy bears real essence in accordance with the improvement of society, development of economy, science and culture, expansion of knowledge on nature and society and become a major factor of the activity of public thinking, tendency and thought of subordinating the nature to itself to a large extent and further beautifying the life. Division of the society into classes, existence of contradictory ideologies, existence of reactionary ruling classes and conservatives who want to stop and draw off social development still now create an opportunity of fantasy moving away from the reality, and not only the opportunity of moving away from the reality, but also the opportunity of clearly creating an obstacle to innovation and progress [4, 119 pp]. Surely, the fantasy created within such opportunity bears a particular, certain content and reflects the certain world view. But this content is an old and reactionary content which lost its belief and reliance to the mind power. It is not only a content that moves away from the life, but also is terrific and dangerous one which resists the innovation. This cannot be otherwise. Because every fantastic work, in the broadest sense of the word, has a real embryo to a certain extent in itself. In the fantastic works certain real characteristics of existing social life and social structure are reflected differently as to form, but similarly as to content and essence as being in the realistic works. This is so in science — fiction, too.
References:
1. Jafarov M. J., "Significance of science fiction in children education", 128 p.
2. Belinsky V. G., collected works, volume III. P. 316.
3. Hegel, collected works, volume XII, 288-289 p.
4. Gurevich G. I., "A Conversation about science fiction". M, 1991, 119 p.
Yekibayeva Ninel Amanturlievna, candidate of philological sciences, associated professor, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan Satysheva Ayala Khadzhimukanovna, master student, Eurasian National University,
Astana, Kazakhstan E-mail: [email protected]
Syllable division in the english language
Abstract: We have considered the structure of the syllable division. The aim of the article is to increase knowledge about syllable division. Methods of the article: analytical, descriptive and explanatory. Keywords: boundary, consonant, vowel, syllable, onset, sound, phoneme, word.
