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18THE ROLE OF PORTRAIT ARTISTS IN THE VISUAL ARTS
Abdumutal Yakubjon ugli Kambarov
Master's Degree student of Fine Arts and Applied-decorative Arts Department,
Namangan State University
ABSTRACT
The article discusses the creative works of many portrait painters in history and current world. Artists have their own style of creating portrait compositions. They make good use of literary manuscripts and ethnographic documents. Each artist draws on his own experience and method of creating portraits. Portraiture is a genre of creating a human image in the visual arts. It is known that they were great artists of all times, who created beautiful portraits and images of their contemporaries in their portraits and passed them on to future generations.
Keywords: style, theme, visual arts, inner psychological state, color harmony, texture, facial expressions, human psychology, The Great Patriotic War.
INTRODUCTION
A school of fine arts was established in Uzbekistan, and the creative potential of artists has not stopped developing since; despite the fact that for many years it was under strict ideological control. The freedom of creativity and spirit that independence has given to artists became a new impetus for artistic expression; they now have the right to choose a theme and style, to create on any subject [1-5]. At the same time, the opportunity to express the philosophical views of the artists in the works of the previous period, to show the connection of the periods, to try to prove that they are inseparable in the historical memory, began to catch the eye.
As we know from the fine arts, portraiture is a genre of creating a human image in the visual arts. It is known that they were great artists of all times, who created beautiful portraits and images of their contemporaries in their portraits and passed them on to future generations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
"Jaconda", "Self-portrait" by the great renaissance painter Leonardo do Vinci and "Pope Innocent X" by Velasquez's are of particular importance. In the seventeenth century, great masters of the portrait genre emerged in Europe. An example of this is the portrait of Pope Innocent X, the masterpiece of Velasquez. "Innocent X" was created as a great, eloquent, expressive person with impeccable, professionalism. The portrait emphasizes the inner psychological state, colour harmony, texture, and facial
expressions. It is no exaggeration to say that the portrait is deeply rooted in the heart of the viewer. That is why this great work created by Velasquez is preserved in European museums as a masterpiece. Every artist has his inner world, worldview and it differs from his outer world. The richer the artist is, the higher the expression of creativity is. [6-9]. The Great Russian artists of the first half of the XIX century O. Kiprensky, V. Tropinin, A. Venesianov are the founders of the Russian Portrait Genre. Continuing the eighteenth-century tradition of portraiture, they paid even greater attention to the depiction of man, attaching great importance to human psychology and improving their artistic skills.
The success of O.A.Kiprensky in the Portrait Art was that he described the beauty of the subject's spiritual world, its value, dreams and feelings in the first place while creating the portraits of his contemporaries. He painted a number of works including his masterpiece, the portrait of A.S.Pushkin in 1827. The image of the famous poet is deeply and perfectly revealed in all aspects of this portrait. The work skilfully depicts the poet's appearance, as well as his high spirits and endless creative inspiration. One of his contemporaries, V. Tropinin, is known to us mainly as the author of portraits "Pushkin", "Guitarist", "Bagration". His 1823 portrait, "The Weaver Girl", reflected the image of a girl with warm, pretty eyes. One of their followers was A.Venetsianov, who was the first to introduce the image of the peasant into art, and the first to create a poetic image of nature. In his works "Summer" and "In the field", created in the 20s, he expressed and combined the image of beautiful nature and man, the labour process of farmers. In the portrait of "Zachary", he reveals the inner world of a hardworking child. Russian artists such as N. Kramskoy, I. Repin, V. Vasnesov, V. Serov were engaged in the field of realistic portraits in the 19th century. Portraits of N. Kramskoy, N. Nekrasov, P. Tertyakov, L. Tolstoy, I. Repin Stasov, Mussorgsky are vivid example of this [.
Uzbek Portrait Art also began to develop in the second half of the 20th century. There were Lutfulla Abdullaev, Abdulhaq Abdullaev, Rakhim Akhmedov, and Malik Nabiev among effective artists of this art genre. Lutfulla Abdullayev's portraits "Mulla to'ychi Toshmuhamedov" and "Yo'ldosh Oxunboboyev" are skillfully depicted in realistic traditions.
Abdulhaq Abdullaev was one of the first Uzbek portrait painters and made a significant contribution to the field. He achieved great success by creating a gallery of portraits of his contemporaries, intellectuals, scientists, literary and artistic figures.
"Abror Khidoyatov in the role of Othello" is one of the masterpieces of the artist, who is also the author of "Oybek"; Othello's thoughtful gestures and body movements express the spirit of romantic uplift in the portrait, in which facial expressions and psychological state are skillfully portrayed. In the portrait "Oybek", the image of the poet is very deeply and perfectly revealed in terms of composition. In this work, the
artist not only immortalized the human image but also created a vivid portrait of a great writer, possessing all the highest human qualities, full of fiery heart, excitement and anxiety.
Rahim Akhmedov took a deeper approach to life in the portrait genre. He revealed the inner feelings, emotions, dreams, and the beautiful heart of man in his works such as "Mother's Thoughts", "a Woman from Surkhandarya", and "Farmer".
Malik Nabiev worked mainly in the portrait genre to create the image of historical scholars as well as his contemporaries. He created the image of "Beruni" in 1952 and "the Portrait of Amir Timur" in 1993.
Artists have their own style of creating portrait compositions. They make good use of literary manuscripts and ethnographic documents. Each artist draws on his own experience and method of creating portraits. This is evidenced by pictures made in colour and technique in all sorts of unexpected situations like the portrait of the film director "Komil Yormatov" by Bakhodir Jalolov. Therefore, when creating a portrait, young people should learn from the experiences of great portrait masters and use them effectively. The portrait artist must first get to know the subject more deeply, observe him for a while, talk to him, and learn his main character, features, the inner and outer world.
One of the artists of the first half of the twentieth century was P.D. Corinth. He was a loyal student of M. Nesterov. Before creating a portrait, Pavel Dmitreevich Korin studied the inner and outer world, the psychology of a person. That is why he could reveal the subject's basic qualities, appearance and character well. The artist would describe a meticulous depiction of the constructive device of portraiture, combining light and colour with composition. He created the portraits of strong-willed and courageous people among art figures and military commanders like Shesternev, Kachalov, Saryam, Igumkov, Leonidov, Konenkov, Kukriniksi, Jukov, Tolbuxin, Govorov.
Vladimir Kaydalov was another portrait artist of the first half of the twentieth century. An All-Union competition was announced to create a portrait of the great Uzbek poet Alisher Navoi in the early 1940s, on the occasion of the poet's 500th birth anniversary. More than fifty (former union) artists took part in the competition. Artists were faced with the difficult task of creating the image of the founder of Uzbek literature, poet, humanist, thinker, scientist, statesman (the only material to be addressed was a miniature of Mahmud Muzakhabbibi). He carefully studied the history of A. Navoi's time. He read Navoi's works and got acquainted with the structure and content of the work. Muzakhabbibi's miniature gave an idea of the poet's appearance. Thus, Kaydalov created a realistic image of the great poet, who left a poetic legacy imbued with a deep love for his homeland and people. The competition jury awarded the artist
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(unique) second prize. In 1941, Kaydalov began to create a portrait of A. Navoi for the second time. The portrait could not be completed. The Great Patriotic War began. He continued the work he had begun in 1947. The portrait depicts the poet's creative image. The portrait depicts the poet's studying and composting process. He has a lavx1 in front of him, a book on it, and a manuscript in his left hand. Behind the window is the panorama of Herat in rich warm colours, and a clear solution, a psychological state in the poet's face. The convincing image of the poet is a testament to the artist's skill. V.Kaydalov proved that he was a master of painting with the techniques of colouring in the portrait of Navoi. The portrait was exhibited at the Jubilee Exhibition in 1947 and was accepted by the jury as the main portrait. Thousands of colour reproductions were printed and distributed all over Uzbekistan.
Chingiz Akhmarov is a man of many talents. No matter what genre the pen shakes, he is a delicate and lyrical poet in the fine arts. In all the works of Chingiz Akhmarov, the spiritual and moral beauty and nobility of man play a key role. Continuing the tradition of miniature art, the artist created works imbued with the spirit of innovation. In Chingiz Akhmarov's "Young Alisher" the young Alisher is embodied in the image of great quality as a symbol of poetry, elegance and greatness. The spring, when the whole world is in full swing, seems to indicate that Alisher Navoi's heart is filled with the rays of wisdom and ingenuity and that he is growing up a man who mobilizes his creativity and life for the people and the country.
The artist first saw Halima Nosirova in 1929 in the play "Halima" by Ghulam Zafari and admired her. For many years he cherished the image of the talented actress, and in 1973 he was able to make a canvas. He also painted Mukarrama Turgunboeva as a fairy on the stage dancing like a dove, a poetess looking at the world with great passion, and H.Nosirova as an artist of dancing. In a series of works dedicated to "Towards light", women are embodied as a symbol of beauty, as if they came to give light and life to the world. Chingiz Akhmarov's paintings seem to be a poem about the spiritual beauty, nobility, splendour and beauty of human.
CONCLUSION
Thus, there are a lot of great artists in the world of Portrait Art with their own unique quality contributing to the history of the genre and each is worth careful studying.
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1 A special demountable desk to read books
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