CC BY
1
УДК 69
Saparmyradov G.,
student Gurbanov Y., teacher Sahedov O.,
teacher
Turkmen national institute of Architecture and construction
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ARCHITECTURE WITH OTHER SCIENCES
Abstract
Architecture is a multifaceted discipline that intersects with various sciences, shaping and being shaped by them in meaningful ways. This article explores the relationships between architecture and other scientific fields, including engineering, environmental science, psychology, and sociology. By examining these interdisciplinary connections, we highlight how architecture not only serves aesthetic and functional purposes but also responds to and integrates scientific principles. Understanding these relationships enhances architectural design, promotes sustainable practices, and enriches the overall built environment.
Key words:
architecture, interdisciplinary, engineering, environmental science, psychology, sociology, sustainable design.
Architecture is a dynamic and multifaceted discipline that engages deeply with various scientific fields. Understanding the interplay between architecture and these sciences not only enriches the design process but also enhances the effectiveness and sustainability of built environments. This section explores the vital relationships between architecture and engineering, environmental science, psychology, and sociology.
Architecture and Engineering
Architecture and structural engineering share a symbiotic relationship. Structural engineers apply principles of physics and mathematics to ensure that buildings are safe, functional, and aesthetically pleasing. This collaboration is essential in the design process, where architects rely on engineers to analyze the stability of their designs. Innovations in materials science, such as the development of high-strength concrete and advanced steel alloys, allow architects to create structures with greater spans and more complex geometries, thus pushing the boundaries of traditional architectural forms.
For instance, the use of cantilevers in modern architecture, exemplified by buildings like the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, illustrates how engineering principles enable creative architectural expressions. Without the foundational support of structural engineering, many iconic designs would not be feasible.
The integration of MEP systems is another critical aspect of architecture that requires collaboration with engineering disciplines. Architects must work closely with MEP engineers to incorporate systems for heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), plumbing, and electrical wiring into their designs. This partnership ensures that buildings not only look good but also function efficiently.
Sustainable design practices are increasingly prominent in MEP engineering, with architects and engineers working together to implement energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and geothermal heating. These advancements highlight how architectural design is inherently tied to engineering solutions that promote environmental sustainability. Architecture and Environmental Science
The field of environmental science significantly influences architectural practice, particularly in the realm
of sustainable design. Architects must consider the ecological impact of their materials and designs, aiming to create buildings that minimize energy consumption and waste. This involves selecting sustainable materials, implementing passive design strategies, and optimizing the building's orientation for natural light and ventilation.
Principles from environmental science, such as biophilic design, advocate for incorporating natural elements into buildings, which has been shown to improve occupant well-being. Examples include green roofs and living walls, which not only enhance aesthetics but also contribute to biodiversity and reduce urban heat island effects.
Architectural design must also respond to climatic conditions. Understanding local climate patterns, including temperature variations, humidity levels, and prevailing winds, enables architects to create spaces that are comfortable year-round. By utilizing passive solar design and natural ventilation strategies, architects can reduce reliance on mechanical systems, leading to more sustainable and cost-effective buildings.
This relationship between architecture and environmental science is essential for designing structures that are not only functional but also harmoniously integrated into their natural surroundings. Architecture and Psychology
Architecture has a profound effect on human behavior and well-being. Insights from behavioral psychology inform how spaces are organized to promote positive experiences. For example, the arrangement of spaces can influence social interactions, productivity, and even stress levels. Architects can create environments that foster collaboration and creativity through thoughtful spatial design, such as open-plan offices that encourage teamwork.
Moreover, the use of color, light, and texture in architectural design can significantly impact mood and perception. Research indicates that natural light improves productivity and enhances well-being, which underscores the importance of incorporating large windows and skylights in building designs. Environmental Psychology
Environmental psychology explores the relationship between individuals and their environments, providing valuable insights for architects. This field examines how design elements such as layout, acoustics, and natural elements affect mental health and social behavior. By understanding these interactions, architects can design spaces that support emotional well-being and foster community connections.
For instance, creating accessible public spaces with seating, greenery, and art can encourage social interaction and improve the quality of life for residents. Incorporating natural elements, such as plants and water features, has also been shown to reduce stress and promote relaxation. Architecture and Sociology
Architecture is inherently tied to the cultural and social context in which it exists. Sociological principles help architects understand the dynamics of communities and how buildings reflect the values and beliefs of society. This understanding is crucial for designing spaces that are culturally relevant and sensitive to the needs of their users.
Engaging with communities during the design process fosters inclusivity and ensures that architectural solutions address local needs. For example, public spaces designed with input from community members can enhance social cohesion and reflect the identity of the neighborhood.
Urban sociology focuses on the relationship between architecture and urban environments, emphasizing how buildings shape and are shaped by social interactions. Architects must consider social factors, such as demographics and community needs, when designing urban spaces. Concepts like mixed-use developments and walkable neighborhoods are informed by sociological research and promote vibrant, interconnected communities.
The relationship between architecture and other sciences is vital for the evolution and effectiveness of the discipline. By embracing interdisciplinary collaboration, architects can create designs that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also environmentally sustainable, socially inclusive, and psychologically supportive. As
the built environment continues to evolve, fostering connections with various scientific fields will be crucial for addressing the complex challenges of contemporary architecture. List of used literature:
1. Ching, F. D. K. (2014). Architecture: Form, Space, and Order. Wiley.
2. Alexander, C. (1979). The Timeless Way of Building. Oxford University Press.
3. Rattenbury, K. (2009). This Is Not Architecture: Media Constructions. Routledge.
4. Brawne, M. (2003). Designing with Light: The Creative Use of Light in Architecture. Wiley.
5. Lawson, B. (2001). The Language of Space. Architectural Press
© Saparmyradov G., Gurbanov Y., Sahedov O., 2024
УДК 692.232
Алланазарова О.Р., преподаватель Туркменский государственный архитектурно-строительный институт
Амангулыева Г., студентка Туркменский государственный архитектурно-строительный институт
Моммадов Р., студент
Туркменский государственный архитектурно-строительный институт
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
АРХИТЕКТУРА КАК ИСКУССТВО: ЭСТЕТИКА ЗДАНИЙ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ГОРОДСКОЙ ЛАНДШАФТ
Аннотация
Архитектура является уникальным искусством, которое сочетает в себе функциональность и эстетическую привлекательность. В этом сочинении рассматривается, как архитектурные решения формируют облик городов и влияют на восприятие городской среды. Анализируются различные стили и направления, от классических до современных, и их воздействие на общественные пространства и повседневную жизнь горожан.
Ключевые слова
архитектура, искусство, эстетика, городской ландшафт, дизайн, функциональность, стиль, общественные пространства, символика, историческое наследие, гармония, современные здания.
Архитектура — это не только наука о строительстве, но и искусство, способное формировать облик городов и влиять на жизнь их жителей. Эстетика зданий играет ключевую роль в восприятии городской среды, создавая атмосферу и настроение, которые могут вдохновлять, успокаивать или даже тревожить.
Эстетические принципы в архитектуре
Эстетика зданий основана на различных принципах дизайна, таких как пропорция, симметрия, цвет и текстура. Архитекторы используют эти элементы, чтобы создать гармоничные композиции, которые привлекают внимание и вызывают эмоциональный отклик. Например, знаменитый собор Нотр-Дам в Париже завораживает своей готической красотой и детализацией, что делает его не только религиозным символом, но и культурным достоянием.
Влияние на городской ландшафт
Здания формируют городской ландшафт и определяют, как люди воспринимают пространство. Архитектурные решения могут создать уютные общественные пространства, способствующие
