CC BY
52
УДК 4Т ББК 81.2Т
Ashrapov Bahodurjon Pulotovich,
literary editor of scientific-theoretical journal “Bulletin of TSUBLP” under the Tajik State University of Law, Business and Politics (Tajikistan, Khujand)
Ашрапов Баходурджон Пулотович,
литературный редактор научнотеоретического журнала «Вестник ТГУПБП» Таджикского государственного университета права, бизнеса и политики (Таджикистан, Худжанд)
E-MAIL: bahodur. ashrapov@mail. ru
Key words: historic-scientific work; «Tukhfat-ul-khoni»; poly-affixes; the Tajik literary language (TLL); grammatical peculiarities; formation of compound adjectives; compound nouns and adverbs
The article dwells on the place of poly-affixes in the Tajik literary language of the XVIII-th century, in general, on the example of «Tuhfat-ul-khoni» by Muhammadvafoi Karminagi, in particular. The author notes that the study of the language of the historic source in question is one of the first scientific works in the field of Tajik philology. Proceeding from the information relating to M. Karminagi one can assert that «Tuhfat-ul-khoni» includes different historic events of Manghtys' state. M.Karminagi adduces out of the number ofpoly-prefixes the following ones: pur-, bad-, dil- and sohib-, more frequently used in the formation of both compound nouns and compound adjectives or adverbs. Nevertheless, the element pur- plays a great role related to compound adjectives. On the grounds of the collected examples those formed by means ofpur- in our exploration can be subdivided functionally and semantically into two groups.
Adducing the results of the analysis concerned with poly-affixes in «Tuhfat-ul-khoni» by Muhammadvafoi Karminagi and other historic materials such as: «Toj-ut-tavorikh» [9], «Olamoroi Nodiri» [5] referring to the XVII-th - XVIII-th centuries, we come to the conclusion that the author of the historic material resorts to those poly-affixes which pertain to frequent ones in Modern Tajik literary language.
Ключевые слова: историко-научная работа, «Тухфат-ул-хони», полиаффиксы, таджикский литературный язык, грамматические особенности, формирование сложных прилагательных, составные существительные и наречия.
В статье рассматривается место полиаффиксов в таджикском литературном языке XVIII века на примере рукописи Мухаммада Вафаи Карминаги «Тухфат-ул-хони». Статья, посвящённая изучению языка данного исторического источника, является одной из первых подобных работ в таджикской лингвистике. Констатируется, что «Тухфат-ул-хони» освещает целую эпоху в истории мангитской династии. Приведен ряд поли-
THE PLACE OF POLY-AFFIXES IN THE TAJIK LITERARY LANGUAGE OF THE XVIII-TH CENTURY
МЕСТО ПОЛИАФФИКСОВ В ТАДЖИКСКОМ ЛИТЕРАТУРНОМ ЯЗЫКЕ XVIII в.
122
Ашрапов Б.П. Место полиаффиксов в таджикском литературном языке XVIII в.
префиксов: пур-, бад-, дил- и сохиб-, которые являются часто используемыми при формировании обеих частей составных существительных и сложных прилагательных и наречий. Элемент пур- играет большую роль в формировании сложных прилагательных. Прилагательные, образованные с помощью элемента пур-, функционально и семантически разделены на две группы. Анализ полиаффиксов в «Тухфат-уль-Хони» и других исторических источниках XVII - XVIII веков: «Тодж-ут-тaвoрих», «Oламорои Нодири», приводит к выводу, что авторы исторических материалов использовали поли-аффиксы, которые являются продуктивными элементами современного таджикского литературного языка.
There is a number of basic words in Modem Tajik literary language (MTLL) that resemble affixes functionally, semantically and grammatically. These morphemes acquired the status of terms. They are: «poly-affixes», «poly-prefixes» and «poly-suffixes», called so in the field of linguistics.
Such an authorized linguist as Sh. Bobomurodov distinguished out of the number of morphemes referring to the theme explored the following ones: khush-, pur-, ser-, bad-, - those ones forming adjectives; rang-, sar-, dil-; verb tenses: -ovar, -angez, -dor, -bakhsh, -omez, -shinos, -soz and -boz. In reference to it, he notes that the presented elements are considered as productive components of both compound nouns and adjectives [2, p.21].
These elements occur in each period of the historic development of the Tajik language. The research of prosaic works on the example of «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» by Muhammadvafoi Karminagi in regard to this theme, in particular, pertains to the XVIII-th century. M. Karminagi traced back a large number of morphemes; such ones as: bad-, dil-, pur-, ser-, sohib-; poly-suffixes: -angez, bardori, -boshi, -boz, -bakhsh, -gir(i), -giroy, -dor(i), -kada, -kash, - maob, -ovar, -omez, -pazir, -canj, -sifat, -soz, -faroz, -faro and -shinos got into his view.
However, our historic data embrace the above-mentioned poly-affixes which served for the formation of compound nouns, adjectives and adverbs as well.
First of all, it is important to bear in view that the relevant research work will be useful both for researchers who want to solve the linguistic issues dealing with our explored theme. A success of any research depends largely on precise comprehension of its objective.
The author of «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» illustrates the poly-affixes of MTLL in certain cases. It is worth mentioning that one of the mostly frequently used poly-prefixes of our topic is pur- that plays an important role related to a set of compound adjectives. S. Nizomova, a researcher of «Yoddoshtho» (Reminiscences) by Sadriddin Ayni asserts: « the word «pur» in reference to forming compound adjectives is frequently used. More than 108 words are formed by dint of the poly-prefix «pur» making them rather distinctive» [6, p.17].
These words can be subdivided into two groups by their grammatical properties including the way of expression of meaning and morphological forms.
Firstly, the poly-prefix in question modifies a formation of compound adjectives, such ones as: =^л =J*ji o*? These compound words demonstrate semantically
collective nouns and their plural forms. When we look at this group more particularly, we find out that ob^j^form occurs more frequently than o^jform in MTLL. For example:
.(4,158/314) -^j^ Jjfj "rin jjj jjj...
Secondly, the language of our historic data has a tendency for borrowed words, including Arabic and Turkic ones. For instance, the author of «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» illustrates the Arabic noun «*W> = (water) serving for the formation of compound adjectives by means of the polyprefix «pur». When analyzing the theme explored we elicited that the compound adjective
123
Ashrapov B.P. The Place of Poly-Affixes in the Tajik Literary Language of the XVIII-th Century
«(abounding in water) = ^jj» is used only once by M. Karminagi. Undoubtedly, it is important to comprehend that such grammatical word-building isn't characteristic being not commonly used functionally in MTLL either. For example:
.(143/74,4) 1"*"S IajjA j ja!_^ j au HiJ ua »Uj^l J^A jy _
.( 516/259,4) ..1^1'л aj*j ^"q!.j aj ^5^1 а*1э j 4""in ц! uliA ja a£ Jj^ ujjjlij
Aj—1^i jlj^i jljA U °Aj£j^i *lsf .""^ J j ^l^il lj lj lijA АЗал. jJ oAjA j ^ilj— Ja lj...
(69/37,4 )...4>^ ^a14 jf-ua-a Aj (143/74,4 )...Ai"flj <Jjj sJja jljljA lj...
The last examples of the above-mentioned sentence, such ones as « = »•& j vj ^-У-1
jLSLuil» served semantically as euphemisms of high elevation.
Adducing the collected examples of the object of the research we have encountered with a number of compound words which are made of the above-mentioned element; such ones as: «*/lj ‘&j^j О-Ыц» which are rarely used in this historic material, on the other hand, refer to archaic elements nowadays. For example:
A^ AjIajjj lj ^jj£ j jj9j lj *l^ jJA j J.^hJ ^lj jl...
(115/60,4 ) Ajj91j Ajjj olSj^" 1* ^j Aj ...Ajj jljl^cj j °jlj^ OJJ ^jt j Ал1э
..AjaJ ^l^ lj ^J^ ljjl *Aj^j jl j^fr Aj AjAjS ^ljlA л'пha Aj jlj цЦ-л. jjaI A^ Ц jl A*J
Ia Ц ni^l j I.jjJ j ^1лс 1^l цЪн j j^^ oAcli jl Ujjjj Ц j* ^ j Ajxj (
(386/194,4)
.^l ^jIj^ Aj^jA...
(376/189,4) .i^l jljS it*j ^j jjj It is worth mentioning that the compound adjectives of «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» formed by dint of the poly-prefix «pur-» occur regularly in both MTLL and the modern dictionary of the Tajik language (DTL). On the one hand, some of them are assimilated stylistically by Modern Tajik literary language; on the other hand, others do not occur in DTL at all [10].
For more information see the below table which deals with the above-mentioned theme.
Compound words registered by the Dictionary of the Tajik Language Compound words not registered by the Dictionary of the Tajik Language
* "*‘>4jj JjjjZj Lb^Uj
Jjj^j Jjj bW-jj <S) L-jI^LjLCj)
dhjLiJj) itutij A-Wj Jjj
Cjjjh.^lj jyj j) j j
* * Wj ■ * j ) ^ Mil j i jij*ij
0J—*j L-)J*lj) AaJj) j)
j—j *ЮЯ.JjJ 4Ji9j lSJ^j) jijj
>^^j) o\ \UJj) (Jy.4j
j
It is necessary to mark that the author of another copy of the manuscript resorted to jlj instead of JlijjFor example:
(503/253,4) ...Ajjl^i 1*^lJA _iAl sAjSj^ lj jljs ^jil J&JA jlj...
(,3) ...Ajjl^i 1*^.Ija < ^JlAl oAj£j^i lj ^lj ^jll j^jA jlj...
Thus, M. Karminagi illustrates a number of words as modifying compound adjectives built by virtue of «pur-»: «j^ , Ja, oH?, jW— and Ajjm». In this regard, these elements modify spiritual men's emotions.
The relevant instances dealing with the above-mentioned theme are attempted to be shown in the below table in details.
124
Ашрапов Б.П. Место полиаффиксов в таджикском литературном языке XVIII в.
Pages Compound adjectives Modifying words
1) 239/475, 269/536; m) 269/536; ^) 251/499 (c jjJiji (^ ( l^J^ J j
1) 239/476 (ч J . (/ Jj
1) 156/309, 173/343; m) 98/193, 107/211 4-u£j' (^jIjxjijj . (i tj^b
1) 163/324; m) 22/39; ^) 137/271; hjj^-j (c jIjj (^ j^p j. (/ JLLi
1) 121/239, 160/318; m) 58/111; JjJ j (l^ Aii^ j . (1 4 i i ■, 1
For instance:
^jj Ijjlg-IAJ jl jljc- jJjA j jm Ojjjl jjji jfuiqw jl j^ljlw j Jjjw ^Vlj jJ...
(558/280,4) ...JJJlJjS
( 357/180,4) ...Jliil jl ^>Ajj Jj jJ ^liu IJi ^4aj Awjiw jj ^Ulml jl Ij ^mjw
( 343/173,4) ...^^Ij ^il^uijjj j^lj jJ ^lml ^Ijj jj jl aA ^iljA j jj^^ ^jA. ^j3l^
271/137,4) ...JjJ JjA jljJ ^j^ Aj jljA j ^ijjAA jjAJ^. Aj IjJjA jljjj j^LA aA jL ■ ^A1 ^ jjj w
(
j jjJ 3jjj tAiAlJjj AJ j! ^ilil^w j ^Jj Aiml j| IjJjA j^lA. j AJiAlm ^Ua'<A Ijjl ^lj^...
(39/22,4) .. .лу^а'лМ Ajjwj jJ jyJw l"'wjv^a
Due to the adduced examples in reference to the poly-prefix «khush-» a number of compound adjectives which served as euphemisms of each other, such ones as: «ӣЬЛ-Jj , Jj!4Jand jtAj» can be found out. Of course, the existing words correspond absolutely to MTLL. Consequently, one can assert that these compound adjectives are commonly used ones both relevantly to framework and to MTLL. For example:
,86/45,4 ) Jjjl jiAlJ ...oJj^j 1л. jj jl - _ ДiJ j Jj^J jlJc jl^Jl jlijw ^Ijm A^iJ i^AJaI ^mj^...
(367/185
( 121/63,4) ...Jj^j ^Ijm A^iJ ^JAl jljd jAw jJ jlJw i^AJw ^L_Jm Aj jlA■'':^A JJj
Jili ^jjjj Aj A4ijJJ| jm ^3j^. V A^A jjl ^jJjj jl A^ij eJ^. Aj «Ijiill Aja4 A^Jc» jljl:jA (_JoJj AA ^wllw jJ...
( 2,4) ...AJu jljjL ^л JbA. jl
In the course of researching we came across one of the essential peculiarities of the polyprefix «khush-» where compound adjectives of the theme explored are resorted to for a formation of compound adverbs including: « jjj^ j J-^j±, j JcijiL». For example:
...j|j ^ olj.^Jl t"^.Aj jljjLLjl t Alл Aj j IjlA jj ^l^J j J|J <^jl ji jm AjlAjJw ^Uj| jl...
(536/269,4)
jljj jJ ^l^J ^л jA Ocjm Aj ^Ajjji jj AA Jj^j Jlmjl ^jjj j^ljj jl ljj^t£ j jA:jA Ijjl ^j^w ^1т1лл...
(404/203,4) Jj^j O j jlA*iml j
Thus, the poly-prefix «bad-» occurred in «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» by Muhammadfavoi Karminagi is one of the frequently used ones. Proceeding from the collected patterns related to the current framework, one can assert that the surveying of the element under consideration plays the main role for a formation of compound adjectives in most cases. In fact, one of the differentiating features of the poly-prefix «bad-» appears precisely when modifying words are collective nouns in the meaning of plurality and most of them are pluralized by the type of Arabic broken plural. Adducing the consequences of the analysis concerned with the element in question and its morphological distinctive properties we can substantiate that the poly-prefix «bad-» of our topic is similar to MTLL ones; the ways of expression of meaning and a phenomenon of grammatical word-formation being included.
The examples dwelling on the theme explored are given in the below table in details.
125
Ashrapov B.P. The Place of Poly-Affixes in the Tajik Literary Language of the XVIII-th Century
Pages Compound adjectives formed by dint of the poly-affix bad- Modifying words
4,67/129, 73/141 74/144, 94/186, 106/210, 163/323, 201/399 JI£^aj
4,18/31 Jji jAj jljj s! j
l) 4,63/122; v) 4,65/126 jl^ijAj (^ JI£^aj .(! j!A'iw
4,25/46, 73/141 jU.!aj !ac!
l) 4,27/50, 34/63; v) 4,61/117, 73/141 jjw!Aj (^ JI^^Aj .(! ^i!jj
4,234/466 JI^^aj J!aj!
4,68/132 JIxwAj J!j^!
l) 4,26/47, 45/86, 66/127, 99/196, 280/558, 284/565; v) 4,27/50, 74/144, 78/154, 85/167, 85/168, 99/196, 252/502; ^) 4,46/88, 72/140, 101/199; ^) 4,282/561, o!j.Aj (^ j^Aaj (Cl ^iIx^Aj (^ aI^jAj .(! fji
l) 4,73/142, 74/144, 266/529, 285/567; v) 4,98/193, 159/315 ^Tj^Aj (^ j!ajSaj .(!
l) 4,14/25; v) 4,68/131; ^) 4,86/170, 94/186; ^) 4,110/217, 236/470, 260/517; t) 4,100/198 jlxrAj (^ ^!3wAj (^ ^Tj^Aj .(! ^I^Jaj (^ ^I^j!j^Aj (^ Ai ji
4,190/378 ^I^j!j^Aj ?AjW
4,101/200 jja!Aj Sj^i
For instance:
(24/13,4)ajajS jAl^ j\j£ j j' ^ j^j ja JI£-ujAj jl^jliw Jlja! r: r...
(196/99,4) ...saj' ^iJjA jj| ^!jj j il 'j fA lj ^l_*jj ^j! j! ax ^l^al^uiAj Aiji j!
(559/281,4) ...^.Ijfll Cijlu. Ja! ■ ^l^ a ^lA^a. ^jIj saT slA! sljAaj ^ja j! ^Aj*. jl slAIuiA ^Aj.r jj^l
. ■■л''.'^ Jlai! A^jj Aj j^jJ!e!jlji jl$j ^j. ^j jAA ^лл. j! lj ^jl^uAj ^А^&л jl 4 ^ j ^.jA AAjj...
(126/65,4)
As it is stated above, the poly-prefixes «pur-, bad-, and dil- » are those ones that are very frequently used; in particular, in «Tukhfat-ul-khoni». Accordingly, we can allow to consider the poly-prefix «sohib-» on a par with the frequently used ones in accordance with the group under study as well. Due to our statistical approach one can assert that the mentioned element occurs in all 124 examples in certain cases.
The results obtained afford us to make a conclusion that the word «sohib» lost its semantic meaning and converted into a poly-prefix which acquired three different semantic notions.
In the first group there is a number of compound adjectives which are formed by means of the poly-prefix under discussion, they occur as rarely used ones in Modern Tajik literary language. But, on the other hand, they are registered in MTLL as functional and stylistical ones. The following ones: (^t )jvt-- L. ^t-- (jjjJi t^lJjji i ^t-- L. ^t-- ii‘3 i ^t--
(jAa i-t- (t. i^l- Jy-^l ч.-. For example:
(26/15,4) ...AjajS ^jajA Aj vj£la *lijj a!jw ^аз...
(546/274,4) ...ajj AjSj* ^jl! Ajaj jjw! j jlbljS j! aS ^jjj^r aJ!
(149/76,4) ...Ал! j! j!j. ja ajU jjw! Al^ial^^ j^l. Aij!...
j oJjjx j ^l^jjl j^! oJja j Jba! jj ^j!jila j i"^qt j ^j!jij^ j ^^!jS ^jj^j...
(165/84,4) o.!jj AjlSjiw ^jj^j ...Ai.l^ ^a^ja
(228/115,4) ...ajAjaj jw! lj ^jaA j^iS j!j!aj^ j£ja j jjaI^j Ja Аллл. jj^jIj j!aj^...
126
Ашрапов Б.П. Место полиаффиксов в таджикском литературном языке XVIII в.
Ajl^i Дл.^—' Jjji j l^bjj д^..- Aj JJ^AJ u^l .. ^Aja La ^^jljc A£ jl ^^i- oAjjS jl ^-^' jl ^iajIa ^J
(419/211,4)
In the second group, the mentioned element is formulated structurally by the way of: polyprefix + noun + suffix = y^U—. However, the grammatical phenomenon dealing with this
theme occurs only once upon the whole. For example:
..."wl dl&JujA . Ali^l jl j ol^. j jcllj aVjI ojAj jl ^^J ^jjjjjA ^i'ja j ^''* a j Aj jjijl...
(162/82,4)
In the last group, the poly-prefix «sohib» is used for the formation of a number of compound nouns as well. For example:
j ylj£ ij‘ ^ jl yljjl ^ljSl j jjjjj jIa^i j l ■ l Alijj jl jl jl ■ l j jji jli^£ jac...
(320/161,4) ...jjjsl u^l. j* jl jjwl
jl 5 jlS ojj£ jjaJJ jJaI — jljA^ Ajja £)1j^ . jljj^ Ajj Ajj oAjil^ij "&Aaa Ajj jA "wlj^ "c^...
(75/40,4) ...AjSlji "j^li j! Aj ^l^i£jj^i£ jljlA^lj
The word «sohib» being as an independent one possesses the following meanings in MTLL: owner, holder, owner of some thing, possessor, rich and well-to-do [10] — — aIjw j ii y^t —
ii = Aljwlj (educated) [12, p.262, V.2]. The mentioned poly-prefix is used in a number of compound adjectives which serve functionally and semantically as euphemisms of adjectival affixes in Modern Tajik literary language. Here, out of the number of compound words formed by dint of «sohib-» which are considered as widely diffused ones in MTLL, occur nowadays. The following ones: <-0*2 t t^L^>= ^Li —О, —j*hb ^alj^Li (honor, famous, glorious and
'->b^L(unshakable, steadfast and firm);
A-Lfdisciplined).
significant); ^Ь^ <
For example:
(58/31,4) ...AiAjilwj u^l. jljj Jlc jlili "^Ai Aj i "jVj jl j ^a.jA "cjw Aj_ (109/57,4) .. .AjajS Aji i"n^£ il jA Aj ^ijl—l oAaI OIa^ u^l . A^jJ j! ^IjljA J ^ljl^— jA...
Ц—ja. (Jo—S Цл—A jljjl ^jjljA jljj^A Jajj jtx— jlilj^. u^l. j^—] ^Lg— Ajilw jl A*j
( 336/169,4) ...aj£
Nevertheless, taking into consideration the object in view we have elicited that M. Karminagi parallelly applied those poly-affixes (poly-prefixes or poly-suffixes) which possess enclitic properties; Arabic poly-prefix «^4 l?j4>; muzof va muzofun ilayh (definition system) and fakki article arabii al/ (Arabic article al/) constructions are functionally and semantically the synonyms of each other in certain cases. For example:
Ajalj olj AjjjSjj j ^Aja J u^l. A^lj jA J ^IjAjJ AaAia UjI L_ ''j^^' j A^jlj jl
A^jlj jjjl^A y£jA ^^S—l "j- j jjjSljjj "jA ^jjlj ^j§ Aj ... = (267/135,4) ..." j Ц jl jt^ j'j J "4
..."ilAil "jVj ^^li AcIaa. j jj—jg.— Aij3 ^^lj jA ^^lj* J
(309/156,4)
jljAl ^^lil ^li jl u^l. jLjlj ^ji jlj^ l^^c jl^ jljj^ jljjA oAw j ^^^1лл jLLal j $-l^jl jA jjl
y wt-^ l^^c "alj jjA^ti ^j^i jlciVl jL^js jl... = (25/15,4) ...oAjAjS jlj jljS j
^^l^ Aj 1j jl jlAjw... = (200/101,4 )...Aijl^i J lj A*Ja j;*^— ^Jjj jljjA ywA'a
(255/129,4) ...AjjiljSl "cjl—a "jlj ^
jj^ = (484/243,4) ...AjAjS Ajwljl ^J^ u^l. oL2iAlj ^*iVlj ^J^ "'^ja ^jA3 Aj Ail£jlA J ^Lc
"^jl2^ ^j Jl—i oAj— j^l JljSl J "IjA ^^j^ Aj Jljj V ^J^ ol^Alj "j^a j Jl*^ ^j^^ ^Aljl
(192/97,4) ..."slj jtj^l ^lj^l ^ajI*a ^j j jl^ail j jljil
= (230/116,4) A^—ljSl jlAjSl jljj^ jljjA Aj Ljl j Ujjjw >^>a IjjJjJjlj jl A oAji ^A^ jl ^Aja.... (56/30,4) ..."^J« ^ljlA ylj—l jc ^a jl ^£ljA Jj>wi j Alij Ajjl jajAjJ! u^l. j^l UjI ^'ja ^S'^a...
U—^ J ^^^il Aj- —t i jl IjjJJAj u^l . j^l "jjA J yAjac Ц—^ ^lj— jjjw jjAjS jj—i jjA =
(157/80,4) ...^a jl-Sljji j jjliljj
127
Ashrapov B.P. The Place of Poly-Affixes in the Tajik Literary Language of the XVIII-th Century
-<yj*
It must be borne in mind that one of rather distinctive grammatical occurrences from Modern Tajik literary language comes into view referring to both derivational words and compound ones which are formed by virtue of either prefixes or poly-prefixes, in particular, in the origins of the XVII-th - XVIII-th centuries; here we can call the following ones: «Zafarnomai Khusravi» [8], «Toj-ut-tavorikh» [9], «Olamoroi Nodiri» [5] and «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» [4]; at the same time, the authors of the above-mentioned historic materials resorted to both prefixes and poly-prefixes in combinations with simple words [1, с.246].
The instances of the theme in point can be attested in our discussion, see the below table. 4,7/11 4,250/4973 4,49/93 4,53/101 4,58/112 4,83/164 4,84/166 4,92/181 4,93/184 4,117/231 4,117/232 4,123/243 4,127/251 4,121/239 4,146/289 4,172/342 4,180/357 4,220/438 4,220/438 4,221/439 4,225/448 4,266/529 4,281/560
JJ* J jl L LS / 4, 203/4042 IjjaK j }Jj
Jj£lj J jlj\ 4,99/196 fjlj°<J J-J
gL*. j i"<yA \ J (Aj< \ 4,269/536 JJJLf J Jj
t "У*:, j &1A, \ \ 4,39/74 L - J t "<y A
gjjSLaJ j 1 \\ 4,72/140 J
—jAj j^jc / \\ \ 4,75/1472 jjJ J f^y^
JjSlL j jc v \ A 4,77/151 j —j^
jUj j 1 \\ 4,94/1852 j j L
i j 4,100/198 jj f J l)111
jUc. j jiaJ ^ 4,105/208 —l p J 1—У
d 1 J . L . .!■%. . //! 4,133/264 j JLA
gI^, J jC / / '/ 4,158/3142 jA J JjA
i^yLj J jjJ / I ' 4,199/395 j j
jlnc. 1 J L-lxJ J / / 4,216/429 <—>Ц . £C-U
J f J / j ihlDL*. J JJJ / 1 4,239/476 С* j iJ
fJ^Jb.} J " "l-rtiaA / / 4,80/158 j j L
Lhjc. j Lhj< / 1 4,80/158 ^_jl L LS. } J J J*
jj j gl / 4,111/219 i" ]1л j gL±
fjiiLbf J JJ* / 4,49/94 j1-} j i
gjLm j .c 4,173/3443 gIA. j
jLl j jjjA 4,178/354 <— jA . jc
4,19/34 ijljJ J
-Ij
It is important to lay an emphasis on the fact that by means of the Turkic word «bosh» which is formed by putting the Tajik relative suffix-i ending on a noun -boshi (head, leader, chief, commander, main - B.A) a great deal of compound nouns are built in the historic material of «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» by Muhammadvafoi Karminagi serving as a poly-suffix. Additionally, all of the current compound nouns cause interesting questions in regard to the definition and relatedness of morphological values of the element dwelt on.
Meanwhile, compound nouns formed by -bosh(i) are particularly the most frequently used in ancient sources. In this respect, Yu. A. Rubinchik denotes: «in fact, the poly-suffix «-boshi» is considered as the Turkic original word that only produces compound nouns and possesses such meanings as «big, base, head, leader, chief»; e.g., CL Щ CLj-Ц CL CL jj
CL ^Ул» [7, p. 155]. According to the opinion of Yu.A. Rubinchik it may be substantiated that the words formed by dint of -boshi are considered as archaic ones. It stands to reason, that the
128
Ашрапов Б.П. Место полиаффиксов в таджикском литературном языке XVIII в.
element at issue is one of the widely used and productive in the written monuments of the XVIIth - the XVIII-th centuries. They are: «Toj-ut-tavorikh» [9], «Olamoroi Nodiri» and «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» in particular [4]. By means of either Tajik words or Turkic original loanwords the author of «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» resorting to the poly-suffix -boshi creates a number of compound
nouns.
On the grounds of their morphological behavior we made an endeavor to classify this element into four groups. Thus, a brief classification of each of these groups is given below.
Firstly, Turkic nouns and adjectives + poly-suffix «-boshi»: JjAjZ (leader, instigator,
chief commander - B.A.) (4,266/530); Jj ( red-headed - B.A.) (4,19/34, 23/42, 25/46, 27/50, 28/52, 49/94, 50/96, 53/102, 54/103, 61/117, 62/119, 66/127, 67/129, 79/155, 84/166, 85/167, 85/168, 87/171, 88/173, 89/175, 89/176, 91/180, 91/180, 92/181, 92/182, 94/186, 94/186, 95/187, 95/188, 96/189, 97/192, 98/193, 98/194, 99/195, 100/197, 101/199, 101/199, 102/201, 102/202, 103/203, 104/205, 104/205, 105/208, 105/208, 105/208, 105/208, 107/211, 107/211, 107/211, 107/212, 108/213, 110/217 111/219, 274/546, 276/550); Jjb
(prominent, chief- B.A.) (4,141/279, 145/287, 145/287, 150/297, 158/314, 188/373, 193/383, 193/383, 226/449, 236/470). For example:
(4,266/530)..“Al^j ^>jj "a^?. ^Aa ^jj jl ja a£ Aj Ij JiuU...
(40/22,4) ...ajaA jjULi ^Aji A*ia "IjLI Aj ^^tj Jj^ AjcIj AjS jj^.
(279/141,4) ...Aj^js j^I Ia^I ^1"aI j AjjL i"^ jIj^ jIj^ jIjA lj U ^d>tj Jjt^u ^aL£ jl^.
Secondly, Tajik and Turkic ordinary numerals+ poly-suffix «-bosh(i)»: (a chief
commander of more than tens of armies - B.A.) (4,248/493); ^A-u> (a chief commander who
has more than thousand armies - B.A.) (4,103/203, 107/212, 107/212, 113/224, 114/226, 120/237, 123/244, 124/246, 128/254, 141/279, 142/282, 151/299, 153/304, 153/304, 175/348, 185/368, 186/370, 188/373, 191/379, 199/395, 206/409, 208/414, 208/414, 209/416, 215/428, 236/470, 236/470, 256/510, 257/512, 263/524, 268/534, 268/534, 289/575); J (a chief
commander of more than hundred armies - B.A.) (4,248/493). For example:
j jj^ij^A] "jVj jI Ji Аллл. j ^J "Ijj ^l"Aj j ojj£ ^jaaI oj&AiljjA j^Ail lj jl"
(140/72,4) ajAj" a^.jj Ja "1а1^"л Aj
oAj^j ^.ditj Ада j ^.^Aa jlAAI Aj j AjAjjIjj^ jjA£ jlal" jjjI j^j jI ^ji-^ji...
(493/248,4) al^I- "LA"
Thirdly, Turkic derivational nouns + poly-suffix «-boshi»: isfLJ (a leader of armies -
B.A.) (4,123/244, 158/314, 159/315, 185/368, 236/470, 239/476, 249/496, 255/508, 265/528, 284/566); (chief of guards - B.A.) (5524); cfjj* (chief of armies - B.A.) (5542).
For example:
...Ajjs ji j^I jIjj^A jI lj ^.^Aj ^^AJA a^ ^ olA j jjaI^j Ji Аллл. Jj^ jljI ^ A- jIjjl-JA...
(187/95,4)
Ajjuij£ Ал1а Aj jljI jjji^ jIjjI "Aj ol^. ^Iad Ij ol".AIA a^ ^ ^jj aJj ^dAj A^ji j ^J ^uiIjJI Aj^ aJj
(5542) AjAjj AjjSjj ^Aj^JI Ajc Ajj
Fourthly, Tajik and Turkic compound nouns + poly-suffix «-boshi»: jb (a chief
of entertainment - B.A.) (4,79/155), AJul (a chief of guards - B.A.) (4,230/458, 265/528).
For example:
t ^AVI jIj^. jjljui jIjA oAjIjA ^.dAj jlA л lj aJjaJI J£j ^A^i А^ AjjIAj£ jAl^a ^1^л jl-фл. jl^ji ljjl^
( 66/35,4) ...oAj^j
(449/226,4) AjAjjl^j ^jAjj Aj £)1а^Аа1д! j jl^laI oj^^...
Adducing the results of the analysis concerned with poly-affixes in «Tuhfat-ul-khoni» by Muhammadvafoi Karminagi and other historic materials such as, «Toj-ut-tavorikh» [9], «Olamoroi Nodiri» [5] referring to the XVII-th - the XVIII-th centuries, we come to the
129
Ashrapov B.P. The Place of Poly-Affixes in the Tajik Literary Language of the XVIII-th Century
conclusion that the author of the historic material resorts to those poly-affixes which pertain to frequent ones in Modern Tajik literary language. As it is mentioned above, out of a number of compound words formed by dint of «bad-, pur-, and sohib-» those ones occurred in «Tukhfat-ul-khone» are considered as the mostly frequent ones. Indeed, one of the significant peculiarities of the poly-prefix «bad-» leaping to the eye lies in the fact that all of its modifying words are collective nouns indicating to the plural number; most of them being pluralized with the type of Arabic broken plural. Additionally, M. Karminagi applied the poly-prefix «pur-» in regard to the formation of the compound adjective that is formed by Arabic word (<=Ц = «water» and it must be borne in mind that the grammatical occurrence under consideration isn't characteristic for MTLL because the relevant phenomenon of grammatical word-formation is one of the specific approaches proceeding from the creative nature of the author himself.
Пайнавишт:
1. Ашрапов Б.П. Аффиксҳои сифатсоз дар «Тӯҳфат-ул-хонӣ»-и Муҳаммадвафои Карминагӣ. / Б.П. Ашрапов. Маҷ.мақолаҳо «Мазҳари маонӣ»/ - Хуҷанд: Ношир, 2013. - С. 243-248.
2. Бобомуродов М. Ҷамоли мард дар фасоҳати гуфтори ӯст / М. Бобомуродов. -Душанбе: Эр-граф, 2012. - 240с.
3. Карминагӣ, М. Тӯҳфаи хонӣ. / М. Карминагӣ. Нусхаи маркази фарҳангии ба номи Шарифҷон Ҳусейнзода.
4. Карминагӣ, М. Тӯҳфаи хонӣ. Дастнависи №1426 Институти забон ва адабиёт, шарқшиносӣ ва мероси хаттии Академияи илмҳои Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон / М. Карминагӣ,
5. Муҳаммадкозими Марвӣ. Оламорои Нодирӣ. / д-р Муҳаммадамини Риёҳӣ. ҷ.1. -Теҳрон:Нақши ҷаҳон, 1364ҳ. - 443с.
6. Низомова С. Калимасозии пешвандгунаи пур- дар сохтани сифатҳои мураккаб дар «Ёддоштҳо»-и С. Айнӣ. / С. Низомова. //Паёми ДМТБахши филологӣ, -№4/4 (171), 2015. - С.17-20.
7. Рубинчик Ю.А. Грамматика современного персидского литературного языка. - М.: Восточная литература, 2001. - 600 с.
8. Сутуда, Манучеҳр. Зафарномаи Хусравӣ / М. Сутуда. / Чопи аввал . - Теҳрон: Оинаи Мерос, 1999. - 316с.
9. Тоҷ-ут-таворих. Дастнависи №2282 Институти забон ва адабиёт, шарқшиносӣ ва мероси хаттии Академияи илмҳои Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон.
10. Фарҳанги забони тоҷикӣ. - М.: Советская Энсиклопедия, 1969. -Ҷ.1., - 951с. ҷ.2 -949 с.
11. Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ. - Душанбе: Бухоро, 2008. - Ҷ.1. - 950 с.
12. Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ. - Душанбе: Бухоро, 2008. - Ҷ.2. - 945 с.
Reference Literature:
1. Ashrapov B.P. Adjectival Affixes in «Tukhfat-ul-khoni» by Muhammadvafoi Karminagi / B.P. Ashrapov. The collection of articles under the title «Mazhari Maoni»./ - Khujand: Noshir, 2013. - pp.243 - 248.
2. Bobomurodov M. Man's Being Well-Bred Depends on his Ability of Speaking Proper Language. /M. Bobomurodov. - Dushanbe, -240 pp.
3. Karminagi, M. Donation of Khoni. / M. Karminagi. Manuscript Copy of the Cultural Centre Named after Sharifjon Huseynzoda.
130
Ашрапов Б.П. Место полиаффиксов в таджикском литературном языке XVIII в.
4. Karminagi, M. Donation of Khoni. / M. Karminagi. Manuscript №1426) of the Institute of Language,Literature, Oriental Studies and Written Heritage under Tajikistan Republic Academy of Sciences
5. Muhammadkozimi Mavi. Olamoroi Nodiri. / under the editorship of Dr. Muhammadamini Riyohi. V.2, the publishing house «Reflection of the World», 1364 hijra. - 443 pp.
6. Nizomova C. Word-building of the Poly-Prefix «pur-» in Reference to the Formation of Compound Adjectives in « Reminiscences» by S.Ayni. / C, Nizomova. // Bulletin of the Tajik National University. «Series of Philology», №4/4 (171), 2015. - pp. 17-20.
7. Rubinchik Yu.A. Grammar of Modern Literary Persian Language. / Yu.A. Rubinchik. - M.: Oriental Literature, 2001. - 600 pp.
8. Sutuda, Manuchehr. Zafarnomai Khusravi. / Manuchehr Sutuda. / The first edition. The Mirror of Heritage, 1999. - 316pp.
9. Toj-ut-tavorikh. Manuscript (№2282) of the Institute of Language, Literature, Oriental Studies and Written Heritage under Tajikistan Republic Academy of Sciences
10. Dictionary of the Tajik Language. - M., 1969. V.1., - 951 pp; V.2. -949 pp.
11. Interpretation Dictionary of the Tajik Language. - Dushanbe: Bukhara, 2008. V.1 - 950 pp.
12. Interpretation Dictionary of the Tajik Language. - Dushanbe: Bukhara, 2008. V.2 - 950 pp.
131
