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212THE NUMEROUS SPECIALTY FORMS OF TOURISM Allayarov S.F.
Allayarov Sardor Frunzeyevich — Student, FACULTY OF TOURISM AND ECONOMICS, URGENCHSTATE UNIVERSITY, KHOREZM, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article highlights a brief description of tourism industry as well as its features, moreover innovations, modern trends and recent developments in tourism. It is true that the world economy is changing rapidly nowadays and innovations are nearly existence in every sphere. So in recent years numerous specialty forms of tourism are developing in particular countries, for example, sport tourism, ecotourism, medical tourism, agritourism, cultural tourism and others. Aforementioned various forms of tourism have been discussed in the article separately and showed clear examples for each of them.
Keywords: tourism, GDP (Gross domestic product), service sector, tourist, income, employment, infrastructure.
It has been already proved that tourism is one of the vital industry for the countries to create favorable conditions for their population; provide employment of them and it is extra income earned by foreigners who visit the country for pleasure. So these reasons aforementioned, most of developing countries are now doing special measures to develop tourism industry efficiently and tourism has already been considered as a profitable industry for the countries.
According to the World Travel & Tourism Council's (WTTC) annual research into the economic impact and social importance of the sector. The research conducted over the last 25 years by WTTC, which represents the global private sector of Travel & Tourism, shows that Travel & Tourism in 2018:
• Contributed $8.8 trillion to the global economy
• Grew faster than the global economy for the eighth successive year (3.9% for Travel & Tourism versus 3.2% for global GDP)
• Generated 10.4% of all global economic activity
• Contributed 319 million jobs, representing one in ten of all jobs globally
• Is responsible for one in five of all new jobs created in the world over the last five years
• Is the second-fastest growing sector in the world, ahead of Healthcare (+3.1%); Information Technology (+1.7%) and Financial Services (+1.7%) behind only Manufacturing, which grew by 4%
• Increased its share of leisure spending to 78.5% (from 77.5% in 2017) meaning 21.5% (22.5% in 2017) of spending was on business
• Increased its share of spending from international tourists 28.8%, up from 27.3% in 2017. This means that 71.2% of spending comes from domestic tourists. It is clear after these statistics why tourism industry is so important for the countries [8].
There are numerous specialty forms of tourism (Figure 1):
• Agritourism
• Birth tourism
• Culinary tourism
• Cultural tourism
• Dark tourism
• Eco tourism
• Extreme tourism
• Geotourism
• Heritage tourism
• LGBT tourism
• Medical tourism
• Movie tourism
• Nautical tourism
• Pop-culture tourism
• Religious tourism
• Sex tourism
• Slum tourism
• Sports tourism
Fig. 1. Numerous specialty forms of tourism
Let's give description of forms of tourism in a brief manner.
Agritourism or agrotourism, as it is defined most broadly, involves any agriculturally based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm or ranch [1].
Culinary tourism or food tourism is the exploration of food as the purpose of tourism [2]. Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism. It means responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people [3].
Geotourism deals with the natural and built environments [4].
Sports tourism refers to travel which involves either observing or participating in a sporting event while staying apart from the tourists' usual environment [5].
Religious tourism, also commonly referred to as faith tourism, is a type of tourism, where people travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage, missionary, or leisure (fellowship) purposes [6].
Medical tourism refers to people traveling to a country other than their own to obtain medical treatment. In the past, this usually referred to those who traveled from less-developed countries to major medical centers in highly developed countries for treatment unavailable at home [7].
All things considered, on the one hand it is beneficial for countries to attract visitors from abroad, but on the other hand it must be dangerous for the local environment. So, governments should pay attention to the purity of the touristic places.
References
1. Biuso Emily. November 23, 2007. "Down on the Farm With Your Sleeves Rolled Up". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-04. Though most agritourists simply spend an afternoon visiting farm stands, picking fruit, or feeding animals, others might stay on a farm for several days. Depending on the farm, they might have the opportunity to help with farm or ranch chores, contributing to tasks ranging from planting crops to building greenhouses.
2. Long, Lucy (2004). Culinary Tourism. The University Press of Kentucky. P. 20. ISBN 9780813122922.
3. "What is Ecotourism? | The International Ecotourism Society". [Electronic Resource]. URL: www.ecotourism.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17/ (date of access: 28.06.2019).
4. Sadry B.N., 2014. "Fundamentals of Geotourism: with special emphasis on Iran", Third Edition.Samt Organization publishers, Tehran. 220 p. English Summary available. [Electronic Resource]. URL: http://physio-geo.revues.org/4873?file=1/ (date of access: 28.06.2019).
5. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. "Towards A National Sports Tourism Strategy" (PDF). Retrieved November 6, 2009.
6. Gannon Martin Joseph, Baxter Ian W.F., Collinson Elaine, Curran Ross, Farrington Thomas, Glasgow, Steven, Godsman Elliot M., Gori Keith, Jack Gordon R.A. 11 June, 2017. "Travelling for Umrah: destination attributes, destination image, and post-travel intentions". The Service Industries Journal. 37 (7-8): 448-465. doi:10.1080/02642069.2017.1333601. ISSN 0264-2069.
7. Horowitz Michael D., Rosensweig Jeffrey A., Jones Christopher A., 2007. "Medical Tourism: Globalization of the Healthcare Marketplace". MedGenMed. 9 (4): 33. PMC 2234298. PMID 18311383.
8. The data from The official website of The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). [Electronic Resource]. URL: www.wttc.org/ (date of access: 28.06.2019).
