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THE MAIN INDICATORS OF THE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY OF THE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION IN LAND USE
M.L. Sher, candidate of economic sciences, associate professor
E.L. Opryshko, candidate of economic sciences, associate professor
Russian state university of justice
L.V. Mironov, graduate student
Kuban state university
(Russia, Krasnodar)
DOI: 10.24411/2411-0450-2019-10604
Abstract. The authors reviewed the process of forming in modern conditions the assessment of environmental and economic indicators of land use in general, sustainable land use, taking into account the emergence of a new outlook on the relationship between society and nature, highlighting its basic principles, and also outlined the basis for regulating land relations and strategic priorities ratings.
Keywords: stable land use, land relations, environmental and economic assessment, economics.
The modern development of economic activity, the growth of production volumes is characterized by a high level of anthropogenic impact on the state of the environment. The assessment of the ecological and economic state of urbanized territories and their organizational and user peculiarities helps to find out that in modern cities the need for rational land use is taking on new dimensions, and therefore the sustainable development of territories requires an assessment of both the economy in relation to the natural environment and the natural environment environment in relation to the economy.
«Historical experience proves that all economic reforms in the history of Russia and other countries affect the socio-economic and legal aspects of land relations, and the success of reforms is primarily determined by the degree of resolution of land problems. A special role is acquired by the need for government intervention in the process of market transformation in the field of land resources. At the same time, management experience accumulated by world management science should be used, but the Russian peculiarities of land relations development should be taken into account as much as possible. Throughout the entire period of reforming the Russian economy, the problem of efficient land management has been acute and is actively discussed in scientific and journalistic articles, in the economic and land use literature».
Urban development is an objective and irreversible consequence of scientific and technological progress, the result of which is manifested in the changing urban environment, the territorial distribution of labor and economic activity plays an important role in shaping the nature and extent of human impact on the urban land fund. Urban territory is a complexly structured urban and environmental engineering system that stimulates close interaction between various objects of the natural complex and those created by man, therefore its development today is one of the most important processes of land use and improvement and is based on the following provisions:
1. The use of territories should not destroy existing urban landscapes, but be guided by the reconstruction of existing engineering and transport infrastructure facilities.
2. The development of the land fund is dependent on the density and unevenness of the construction of buildings and structures within the city, the construction of infrastructure and transport accessibility;
3. Further improvement of each territory should be focused on human needs.
«It is known that the effectiveness of environmental management mechanisms is expressed in the annual increase in the income of an enterprise from the increase in production results after the introduction of environmental protection programs, as well as in the
amount of preventable damage. At the same time, the assessment of preventable damage is carried out by many enterprises, taking into account the ecological significance of the natural area, as well as the results of a comparison of the basic damage standards and the actual impact of the enterprise's activities on the ecological situation» [7].
It is impossible to get away from the problems of the current situation without revising the principles of ecological-economic relations and the causes of unfavorable tendencies in the sphere of land use that have been formed by the present day. «It is necessary to study the existing methods for assessing the ecological and economic condition of urban areas, taking into account the analysis of the causes of irrational environmental management, since the objective prerequisites for the formation of criteria for the integrated assessment of urban areas are an integral part of the development of a sustainable environmental management system that allows for an environmentally stable state of these territo-ries» [10].
To date, there is no balanced ecological-economic mechanism for regulating land use
based on backward ecological relations and at the same time harmonizing the economic interests of a multi-structured land use. The policy of ecologically-balanced development of the territory of the regions, implemented in the framework of the «Fundamentals of the state policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030» [11], approved by the President of the Russian Federation on April 30, 2012 and a number of legal documents: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 19, 2017 No. 176 "On the Strategy of the Environmental Security of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025" [1], Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 31.08.2002 N 1225-p "On the Ecological Doctrine of the Russian Federation" [2] should become such a mechanism.
Pictures 1 and 2 show the strategies for the development of the state policy in the field of the environmental development of Russia for the period up to 2030 and describe the basic principles.
Maintaining a favorable environment, biodiversity and natural resources to meet the needs of present and future generations Public Policy development Strategy Realization of the every person right to a favorable environment, strengthening the rule of law iu the field of environmental protection
Ensuring environmental safety Ecologically oriented economic growth
Pic. 1. Fundamentals of state policy in the field of environmental development of Russia for the
period until 2030
If the functioning of the economy of the territories is based on ecological purity, the higher the environmental sustainability of the territorial economic system. «The theoretical substantiation of the integrated environmental management and the tools that regulate the process of reproduction of natural resources and the preservation of the quality of the environment as factors of economic growth are particularly relevant in connection with the transfer of the solution of many problems of
efficient management from the macro to the meso and micro levels» [9].
«Repeated attempts to ensure the dynamic equilibrium of the macrosystem, relying on well-known principles and models of market transformation in Russian reality, exacerbated the contradictions of social production in the effective circulation of natural resources due to their large-scale use and anthropogenic impact on the natural environment» [6].
Responsibility
- Responsibility of federal public authorities, public authorities of the substructures of the Russian Federation and local governments for ensuring a favorable environment and environmental safety in the respective territories
- Presumption of environmental hazar d of the proposed economic and other activities
Environmental impact assessment
- Mandatoiy assessment of the planned environmental impact when making decisions on the implementation of economic and other activities
- rhe prohibition of economic and other activities, the consequences of which ar e unpredictable for the environment, as well as the implementation of projects that may lead to the degradation of natural ecological systems, change and destruction of the genetic stock of plants, animals and other organisms, depletion of natural resources and other negative environmental changes
- Ensuring compliance of economic and other activities with established standards and requirements in the field of environmental protection
Ecology of the natural environment
- Protection, reproduction and rational use of natural resources as necessary conditions for ensuring a favorable environment and environmental safety
- The priority of preserving natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and natural complexes
The international cooperation
- Development of international cooperation in solving global environmental problems
- Application of international standards in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety
- Independence of environmental control from national governments, international expert groups
Human ecology
- Observance of the human right to a favorable environment
- Ensuring favorable conditions for human life
- Scientifically based combination of environmental, economic and social interests of a person, society and the state for the purposes of sustainable development and ensuring a favorable environment and environmental safety
Ecology and society
- Observance of the right of every person to receive reliable information about the state of the environment
- Citizen participation ill decisionmaking regarding their rights to a favorable environment
- Responsibility for violation of environmental legislation
- Full compensation for environmental damage
- Participation of citizens, public and other lion-profit associations in solving problems ill the field of environmental protection and environmental safety, taking into account their opinions in the planning and implementation of
Pic. 2. Basic principles of the basis of state policy in the field of environmental development of
Russia for the period up to 2030
The development of land relations in each country has its own characteristics, due to historical, political and economic differences, however, there are some general patterns for all countries of the same socio-economic level.
«At the present stage of development of the market economy, further substantiation of the theoretical aspects of land management and the development of practical activities in the field of improving land relations are necessary. There are two approaches to the formation of state land management - administrative and economic. The administrative approach involves land zoning, planning, regulation of their use and land acquisition based on the legislation of the country. The sale or other transfer of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes almost everywhere re-
quires a special permit. The economic approach involves attracting financial and economic instruments to land management - taxation, mortgage, land mortgage, various types of subsidies» [5].
«Regulation of integrated environmental management in the regions should proceed from the concept, principles and methods of its implementation from the standpoint of new knowledge of ecology, a fundamentally different model of the nature management process itself, reflecting changes in views on the nature of wealth, values, on the idea of the place and role of environmental management in socio-economic development of regions and livelihoods of people» [4].
Adaptation of the existing economic activity to new conditions does not pass instantly, and it actualizes the need to assess the ecolog-
ical and economic state and the potential for gle, integrated system of actions that will al-sustainable economic growth. Within this low making the right choice of development framework, it is necessary to implement a directions and optimizing them, based on the full-fledged complex of measures, providing greatest favorableness for the economy social a comprehensive analysis of all types of re- sphere and the state of the environment, as sources available for economic activity, capa- well as solving the tasks of environmental ble of combining all assessments into a sin- protection and strategic development.
References
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ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ОЦЕНКИ ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ В ЗЕМЛЕПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ
М.Л. Шер, канд. экон. наук, доцент, с.н.с
Е.Л. Опрышко, канд. экон. наук, доцент
Российский государственный университет правосудия
Л.В. Миронов, магистрант
Кубанский государственный университет
(Россия, г. Краснодар)
Аннотация. Авторы рассмотрели процесс формирования в современных условиях оценки эколого-экономических показателей землепользования в целом, устойчивого землепользования с учетом становления нового мировоззрения о взаимоотношениях общества и природы, осветив его основные принципы. В статье освещены вопросы регулирования земельных отношений и стратегические приоритеты в зависимости от комплексных показателей подобной оценки.
Ключевые слова: устойчивая система землепользования, земельные отношения, эколо-го-экономическая оценка, стратегически приоритеты, комплексные показатели.
