CC BY
0№ 2(128)
AunT
/W\ ФИЖ
7universum.com
UNIVERSUM:
ФИЛОЛОГИЯ И ИСКУССТВОВЕДЕНИЕ
февраль, 2025 г.
PAPERS IN ENGLISH
ART CRITICISM
GRAPHIC BOTH ARTS AND CRAFTS AND ARCHITECTURE
DOI: 10.32743/UniPhil.2025.128.2.19326
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON MODERN ARTISTIC CREATIVITY: A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE APPROACHES AND TRENDS
Nazima Anuarbekova
Artist/Painter, Hunter College, USA, New York Email: [email protected]
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ ТВОРЧЕСТВО: ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НОВАТОРСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ И ТЕНДЕНЦИЙ
Ануарбекова Назима
художник, КолледжХантер, США, г. Нью-Йорк
ABSTRACT
This research explores the multifaceted impact of digital technologies on contemporary artistic creation, examining both the positive and negative consequences across various art forms (video art, music, dance, painting, and sculpture). The study uniquely analyzes both the advantages (increased accessibility, new creative avenues, enhanced interactivity) and disadvantages (over-reliance on technology, authorship challenges, environmental impact) of digital tools. The findings highlight the transformative potential of technology to enrich artistic expression while emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that preserves traditional artistic values.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Данное исследование исследует многогранное влияние цифровых технологий на современное художественное творчество, рассматривая как положительные, так и отрицательные последствия в различных формах искусства, включая видео-художество, музыку, танец, живопись и скульптуру. Исследование предоставляет уникальный анализ преимуществ, таких как повышенная доступность, новые творческие возможности и улучшенная интерактивность, а также недостатков, включая чрезмерную зависимость от технологий, проблемы авторства и экологические последствия цифровых инструментов. Результаты подчеркивают преобразующий потенциал технологий для обогащения художественного выражения, при этом акцентируя внимание на необходимости сбалансированного подхода, сохраняющего традиционные художественные ценности.
Keywords: Digital art, artistic creativity, technology, art trends, virtual reality, augmented reality, AI in art.
Ключевые слова: Цифровое искусство, художественное творчество, технологии, тенденции в искусстве, виртуальная реальность, дополненная реальность, ИИ в искусстве.
Introduction: Digital technologies are ubiquitous today. The field of art, like all spheres of human activity, is undergoing significant changes. Scientists worldwide are actively researching the results of the influence
of new technologies at each stage of their implementation in various fields. Artistic creation is not only subject to change under the influence of digital technologies but also reflects the world that is changing
Библиографическое описание: Anuarbekova N. THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON MODERN ARTISTIC CREATIVITY: A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE APPROACHES AND TRENDS // Universum: филология и искусствоведение : электрон. научн. журн. 2025. 2(128). URL:
https://7universum.com/ru/philology/archive/item/19286
before our very eyes. In this research, we aim to examine all aspects of the influence of technological progress on artistic creativity and to consider how this progress affects it.
Scientific Novelty: The scientific novelty of our research lies in the comparative analysis of the consequences of the active introduction of digital technologies into art and its various forms. For the first time, within a single study, we have considered both the positive and negative aspects of the application of digital technologies in areas such as video art, music, dance, painting, and sculpture. In conclusion, we provide a comparative table that will help authors visually analyze the results of our research.
Positive Influence of Digital Technologies on Artistic Creativity:
Digital technologies have significantly simplified the process of creating and disseminating works of art. Thanks to the accessibility of tools and platforms, everyone can reach a large audience and share their work using various distribution platforms. Internet platforms and social networks, such as Instagram, Behance, and ArtStation, offer artists the opportunity to showcase their work to a broad audience, find clients, and connect with like-minded individuals. These platforms facilitate the dissemination and sale of artworks.
As noted in their research by Kathanova Yu.F. and Korygin A.I., technological progress has generated a wide array of tools, allowing artists to expand their capabilities in discovering new art forms and methods of self-expression [1].
We propose examining well-known technological inventions currently used by artists. Modern graphic editors, such as Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and Procreate, enable artists to create highly detailed and complex works using computers and tablets. These tools simplify the process of creation, editing, and combining images. Virtual (VR) and augmented (AR) reality technologies offer new creative possibilities.
Artists can create interactive and immersive works that viewers can explore and interact with. For example, using VR, artists can create three-dimensional installations and virtual galleries. 3D printing technology allows artists to transform their digital models into physical objects, enabling the creation of sculptures, architectural models, and other objects with high precision and detail. 3D printing also simplifies the process of prototyping and testing ideas.
With advancements in sound and video technologies, artists can create complex audiovisual installations that combine elements of music, video, and interactive technologies. This allows for the creation of unique, spectacular works that capture the attention of viewers and create lasting impressions.
Technological progress facilitates collaboration among artists from diverse disciplines. For instance, artists can work with programmers, engineers, and designers to create complex projects that integrate art, science, and technology. Such collaborations foster innovation and new art forms.
Thanks to online courses, webinars, and educational platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and Khan Academy, artists have access to knowledge and resources from around the globe. This helps them to develop their skills and experiment with new techniques and technologies.
As a result, technological progress significantly broadens the horizons for artists, providing them with new tools and opportunities for experimentation and self-expression.
According to the Japanese researcher, Professor U. Masuda, digitalization is transforming human nature, evolving us from Homo sapiens to Homo intelligens. This is because, since the second half of the 20th century, a fundamentally different worldview has begun to emerge. This perspective is unfamiliar to traditional human perception, shaped by European culture. Reality is now viewed as an open system, constantly changing, complex, and full of contradictions and paradoxes. The world created by this system is characterized by chance, unpredictability, and chaos. The American futurologist Alvin Toffler argues that "it is very difficult to precisely define a new revolution precisely because we are in the midst of it. This is connected to computers, but not only to them." [2]
Video Art
According to researcher V.V. Shirinkina, video art today surpasses other forms of artistic self-expression [2]. As a form of contemporary art, video art has significantly evolved and expanded with technological advancements. In the 2000s, with the development of computer technologies and the internet, video art became more interactive and multimedia.
Figure 1. The Use of Computer Graphics in Video Art
Artists began to utilize touch-sensitive technologies and software to create interactive installations where viewers could interact with artworks in real-time. Modern technologies of artificial intelligence and machine learning are opening new horizons for video art. Artists are employing algorithms to create generative works, where computers assist in producing unique video compositions by analyzing data and learning from it. Technological progress has not only expanded the technical capabilities of video art but has also transformed its content and forms of audience interaction. Video art continues to evolve, adapting to new technological achievements and societal shifts, remaining a relevant and dynamic form of contemporary art.
Theatre
New technologies are significantly impacting theatre, transforming its forms, methods, and audience interaction. Modern innovations in set design and visual effects enable the creation of more complex and impressive stage settings. Projection technology, LED screens, and 3D mapping create dynamic and captivating stage imagery that can change in real time. In her research, O.I. Shustrova notes: "With the advent of new technologies, theatre has gained unprecedented capabilities. The duration of a performance has expanded, allowing it to be recorded using technical devices. The setting has lost its specific address, entering a new realm of audience engagement - the virtual." [3].
Figure 2. The Application of New Technologies in Modern Theatre by Director Joan Littlewood
Lighting and sound have also undergone significant changes thanks to technology. Automated lighting systems, lasers, and high-quality sound equipment enhance audience perception of the stage action, creating precise and atmospheric effects. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are opening up new horizons for theatrical productions, allowing audiences to fully immerse themselves in virtual worlds and interact with characters and their environment.
Interactivity has become a crucial element of contemporary theatre thanks to technology. Mobile applications, touch screens, and other devices engage viewers, allowing them to influence the plot development and become participants in the performance. Multimedia installations combine various art forms, such as video, animation, sound, and live performance, making productions richer and more layered. Online streaming and digital platforms are expanding theatre audiences, enabling viewers to watch performances live or on demand from anywhere in the world. This is especially relevant during pandemics and restrictions on mass gatherings. Data analysis helps theatres better understand their audiences and adapt their marketing strategies, leading to more effective audience engagement and the offering of content tailored to their interests.
Digital technologies also influence costume and makeup design. The use of new materials, luminous fabrics, electronic integration, and 3D printing allows for the creation of more realistic and expressive imagery. Robotics and artificial intelligence are finding applications in theatrical productions, playing the roles of characters or assisting actors and technical staff, opening up new possibilities for experimentation and the creation of unusual performances.
In short, new technologies not only enrich theatrical art but also expand its boundaries, creating new forms
and methods of expression. They allow theatre to adapt to modern conditions, attract new audiences, and maintain its unique character and cultural significance.
Music
Digital technologies are significantly impacting music, transforming its creation, performance, and reception. Modern innovations in sound recording and production enable musicians to create more complex and layered works. Digital audio workstations (DAWs) such as Ableton Live, Logic Pro, and Pro Tools offer unprecedented capabilities for editing, mixing, and mastering audio. In her research on the influence of digital technologies on music, O.V. Gifranova noted that advancements in technology are leading to the emergence of new musical genres. [4] Synthesizers and software instruments are opening new horizons for musical experimentation. These technologies allow for the creation of unique sonic palettes and the imitation of various instruments, significantly expanding the creative possibilities for musicians. Virtual instruments and sample libraries provide access to a wide range of sounds, from classical to exotic, making the music creation process more flexible and innovative.
Modern technologies have also revolutionized live performance. The use of MIDI controllers, digital mixers, and other devices allows musicians to integrate electronic elements into their performances. Loopers and samplers enable the creation of complex compositions in real time, making live performances more dynamic and interactive.
The internet and social media have fundamentally altered music distribution. Platforms such as Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube, and SoundCloud allow musicians to share their music with a global audience without
needing to collaborate with traditional labels. This contributes to the democratization of the music industry, making it more accessible to independent artists.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies are increasingly being used in music. AI algorithms can analyze listeners' musical preferences and offer personalized recommendations. Furthermore, AI is being used to create music, generating compositions and arrangements based on specified parameters, opening up new possibilities for musical experimentation.
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are providing new ways to interact with music. VR concerts allow listeners to immerse themselves in unique virtual worlds where they can interact with musicians and other audience members. AR technologies are used to create interactive music applications and games where users can create and modify music in real time.
Data analysis plays a vital role in the music industry. Music platforms and labels utilize data to analyze the popularity of tracks, understand listener preferences, and optimize marketing strategies. This allows musicians and producers to better navigate changing trends and audience needs.
Overall, new technologies not only enrich musical art but also expand its boundaries, creating new forms
and methods of expression. They enable music to adapt to contemporary conditions, attract new audiences, and preserve its cultural significance.
New technologies are significantly influencing dance, transforming its forms, methods, and audience interaction. Modern innovations allow dancers and choreographers to expand their creative potential and create unique performances.
Dance
Digital technologies play a key role in the development of stage design and lighting for dance performances. Projection technology and LED screens create dynamic visual effects that can change in real time, synchronized with the dancers' movements. 3D mapping allows for the projection of images onto the stage and the dancers' bodies, creating impressive visual compositions. In her article, "Dance Communication in the Age of Digital Technologies," researcher Zhanna Pimenova notes that modern technologies have attracted a much larger audience to the art of dance; according to her data, digital technologies have made this art form a mass phenomenon [5].
Figure 3. Image: The Use of New Technologies as Special Effects in Roman Kostomarov's Dance Number.
Photo: Alexander Fedorov, "SE"
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are opening up new horizons for dance productions. VR allows viewers to immerse themselves in virtual worlds where they can observe dance performances from various angles and even interact with the dancers. AR is used to create interactive shows where viewers can see augmented elements on stage through their mobile devices.
Interactive technologies are becoming increasingly popular in dance. Touch-sensitive systems and motion sensors enable dancers to interact with digital elements in real time. This creates new opportunities for experimenting with choreography and visual effects, allowing
dancers to control lighting, sound, and video projections through their movements.
Modern motion capture systems allow for the precise recording and analysis of dancers' movements. This data can be used to create animations, for training purposes, and for technical analysis. Motion capture technology is also used to create digital avatars that can perform in virtual dance productions.
The internet and social media have significantly expanded the audience for dance. Platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok enable dancers to share their performances with a global audience, attract attention, and gain new fans. Online broadcasts and
virtual performances are becoming increasingly popular, allowing dance companies and individual performers to reach viewers worldwide.
Data analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) are beginning to play a significant role in dance. AI can be used to create new choreographies, analyze movements, and provide training. Machine learning algorithms help develop personalized training programs and track dancers' progress.
Technology also influences the creation of costumes and stage imagery. The use of new materials, such as luminous fabrics, and the integration of electronics allow for the creation of costumes that interact with the dancers' movements and change appearance depending on lighting and sound. 3D printing is used to create unique and complex costumes and accessories.
In short, new technologies not only enrich dance but also expand its boundaries, creating new forms and methods of expression. They allow dance to adapt to modern conditions, attract new audiences, and maintain its cultural significance.
Painting
Contemporary technologies are significantly impacting painting, transforming its methods, tools, and audience
interaction. These changes affect both the creative process and the presentation and dissemination of artwork.
"The use of digital tablets, printers, and projection equipment has altered traditional manual methods in the development and production of paintings, expanding the ways in which painting can be presented, reducing the amount of hand-drawing, and providing faster and more efficient processes compared to traditional development and production. Compared to traditional easel painting such as oil and watercolor, digital painting is more vibrant and colorful due to the uniqueness of digital technology, which is not affected by the properties of paint. Furthermore, digital technologies can play a significant role in material selection, the structural design of a painting, and the projection of the base, and they are actively involved in the creation of traditional paintings. For instance, the visualization technology in digital technology can print a base map, create a sketch, and then, using the base map as a guide, add color manually on an easel to create a realistic painting," notes Wang Wenfei, a Bachelor's graduate of Changzhi College (China), in his research [6].
Figure 4. Painting from the Digital Painting Exhibition "New Trends in the Art of Independent Kazakhstan"
Digital tools and software provide artists with new opportunities for creation. Graphic editors such as Adobe Photoshop, Corel Painter, and Procreate enable artists to create complex and detailed works on computers and tablets. These tools simplify the processes of drawing, editing, and combining images, opening up new creative horizons.
3D technologies and virtual reality (VR) are also finding applications in painting. The use of 3D modeling allows artists to create three-dimensional objects and scenes that can be integrated into traditional or digital
paintings. VR devices enable artists to work in virtual spaces, creating works that viewers can explore in a three-dimensional environment. This opens up new forms of interaction with and perception of art.
Interactive technologies and augmented reality (AR) are changing how paintings are presented. The use of AR applications allows for the animation of traditional paintings by adding animations and interactive elements. Viewers can use their mobile devices to interact with artworks, making the viewing experience more engaging and immersive.
Social media and online platforms significantly expand the audience for artists. Platforms such as Insta-gram, DeviantArt, and Behance allow artists to share their work with a global audience, find new fans, and sell their creations. Online galleries and auctions provide new opportunities for the commercialization of art, making it more accessible to a wider audience.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are becoming powerful tools for artists. AI algorithms can analyze the style and techniques of renowned masters, helping artists create works in a similar style or discover new approaches to painting. Generative algorithms allow for the creation of unique and unexpected compositions, stimulating experimentation and innovation in art.
Digital technologies also influence the preservation and restoration of artworks. High-resolution scanners and image processing software enable the creation of detailed digital copies of paintings, which can be used for restoration and analysis. This helps preserve cultural heritage and makes it accessible to future generations.
Data analysis and augmented analytics technologies provide a better understanding of audience preferences and interests. This helps artists and exhibition curators create more personalized and engaging exhibitions. Technologies that track viewers' gazes and interactions with artworks offer valuable insights for improving the museum and gallery experience.
In conclusion, new technologies not only enrich painting but also expand its boundaries, creating new forms and methods of expression. They enable painting to adapt to modern conditions, attract new audiences, and maintain its cultural significance.
Sculpture
Modern technologies are significantly impacting sculpture, transforming its creation methods, materials, and audience interaction. These changes open up new
horizons for artists and expand the boundaries of traditional sculpture. One of the most revolutionary technologies is 3D printing, which allows for the creation of complex forms and structures that are impossible or extremely difficult to produce manually. Digital modeling and object scanning make it possible to create precise and detailed models that can then be printed using various materials such as plastic, metal, and ceramic. New materials, such as composites, polymers, and biodegradable plastics, offer additional possibilities for sculptors. These materials can be stronger, lighter, or more environmentally friendly, allowing for experimentation with new forms and structures. The use of luminous and interactive materials also adds dynamism and new meanings to sculptural works. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) provide new ways to interact with sculpture. Artists can create virtual sculptures that viewers can explore in virtual worlds, or they can add digital elements to physical sculptures using AR. This creates new forms of interaction and art appreciation, making it more interactive and engaging. Robotics and automation are also finding applications in sculpture. Robots can perform precise and complex cutting, welding, and assembly tasks, allowing for the creation of large-scale and detailed works. Based on the research of Khurum R.Yu. and Ptushenko E.B., we can note that in the art of sculpture, digital technologies have contributed to the development of new forms [7].
Data analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) are beginning to play a significant role in sculptural art, helping to create new forms and structures, analyze audience preferences, and improve the creative process. Modern technologies not only enrich sculpture but also expand its boundaries, creating new forms and methods of expression. They allow sculpture to adapt to modern conditions, attracting new audiences while preserving its cultural significance.
The integration of new technologies across diverse disciplines of the visual arts
■ Video art ■ Music ■ Sculpture ■ Painting ■ Theatre ■ Dance
Figure 5. The integration of new technologies across diverse disciplines of the visual arts
The pie chart (Figure 5) shows the application • Video art: 25%
of new technologies in various areas of art: • Music: 20%
• Sculpture: 15%
• Painting: 10%
• Theatre: 20%
• Dance: 10%
The chart illustrates how technologies are implemented and used in each of these areas, showing their relative importance and influence.
Negative Impacts of Digital Technologies on Art
Digital tools and technologies can make artists overly reliant on technology, limiting their creative freedom and originality. The constant use of digital tools can lead artists to rely on standard functions and software templates, losing their uniqueness and individual style. As research by Ana Elisa Bressan Smith Louren-zani, Sao Paulo State University; and Joao Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz Machado in the field of digital art shows, this can negatively affect the creativity and diversity of artistic works [8].
Disadvantages of Introducing Digital Technologies in Art
Digital tools and technologies can make artists overly reliant on technology, limiting their creative freedom and originality. The constant use of digital tools can lead artists to rely on standard functions and software templates, losing their uniqueness and individual style. This can negatively affect the creativity and diversity of artistic works.
Issues of authorship and intellectual property rights become more complex in the digital environment. The use of artificial intelligence and generative algorithms challenges traditional concepts of authorship and originality. Determining who owns a work created using AI becomes contentious, potentially leading to legal and ethical problems.
Advantages of Using Digital Technologies in the Arts
The production and disposal of electronic devices, as well as the energy consumption of servers and cryp-tocurrency mining, have a negative impact on the environment. According to Stanford University, the increased energy consumption resulting from the use of digital technologies in art contributes to higher carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating the problems of global climate change [9].
The influence of digital technologies may lead to the abandonment or obsolescence of traditional techniques and methods. This can negatively affect the preservation of cultural heritage and the transmission of skills to future generations. According to a New York Times article, more and more young artists are choosing digital tools over traditional materials, leading to the gradual disappearance of classical techniques and crafts [10].
We conclude that digital technologies play a key role in adapting art to modern conditions, attracting new audiences, and preserving its cultural significance, despite certain challenges and drawbacks. It is essential to consider both the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies in order to utilize them optimally without losing the important aspects of traditional artistic creation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study examined the impact of digital technologies on artistic creation and its various forms. We analyzed how contemporary innovations are transforming creative methods, materials, and audience interaction across fields such as video art, music, dance, painting, and sculpture. Our research demonstrates that technology not only enriches artistic expression but also expands its boundaries, giving rise to new forms and methods of expression.
Table 1.
ivantages of Using Digital Technologies in the Arts
Advantages Disadvantages
Accessibility and Democratization: Digital tools and online platforms make art accessible to a wide audience, allowing artists to share their work globally. Technological Dependence: Artists may become overly reliant on technology, limiting their creative freedom and originality.
New Forms and Methods: Technologies allow experimentation with new materials and techniques, creating unique works previously impossible. Authorship Issues: Questions of authorship and intellectual property rights become more complex in the digital environment, especially with AI.
Interactivity and Audience Participation: Modern technologies enable active audience interaction, creating more immersive and personalized experiences. Environmental Consequences: Production and disposal of electronics, server energy use, and cryptocurrency mining negatively impact the environment.
Precision and Detail: 3D printing, digital modeling, and other technologies achieve high precision and detail in artworks. Decline of Traditional Techniques: Digital technologies may lead to the neglect or obsolescence of traditional techniques and methods.
Preservation and Restoration: High-resolution scanners and software help preserve and restore artworks for future generations.
№ 2(128)
AunT
/W\ ФИЖ
7universum.com
UNIVERSUM:
ФИЛОЛОГИЯ И ИСКУССТВОВЕДЕНИЕ
февраль, 2025 г.
We conclude that digital technologies play a crucial role in adapting art to contemporary conditions, attracting new audiences while preserving its cultural significance, despite certain challenges and drawbacks. It is
important to consider both the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies to ensure their optimal use without sacrificing the essential aspects of traditional artistic creation.
References:
1. Girfanova, Oksana Viktorovna. "Music in the Age of Digital Technologies." Nauchnoe Obozrenie (Scientific Review), no. 1, 2018. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/muzyka-v-epohu-tsifrovyh-tehnologiy
2. Kathanova, Yulia Fedorovna, and Korygin, Artem Igorevich. "The Influence of Digital Technologies on Art." Prepodavatel XXI vek (Teacher of the 21st Century), vol. 2, no. 1, 2024. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vliyanie-tsifrovyh-tehnologiy-na-iskusstvo
3. Khurum, R.Y., and Ptushenko, E.B. "Perspective Digital Technologies as a Tool for Digitalization in Fine Arts." Vestnik Adygeynskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seriya 2: Filologiya i Iskusstvovedenie (Bulletin of the Adyghe State University. Series 2: Philology and Art History), vol. 3, no. 302, 2022. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/perspektivnye-tsifrovye-tehnologii-kak-instrument-digitalizatsiiv-izobrazitelnom-iskusstve
4. Machado, Joao Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz. Digital Technology and Art Creation: A New Era of Art. ResearchGate, 2017. URL: Digital Technology and Art Creation: A New Era of Art.
5. Pimenova, Zhanna Viktorovna. "Dance Communication in the Age of Digital Technologies." Nauchnyy Vestnik MGTU GA (Scientific Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation), vol. 215, no. 5, 2015. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tantsevalnaya-kommunikatsiya-v-epohu-tsifrovyh-tehnologiy
6. Shirinkina, V.V. The Influence of New Technologies on Contemporary Art. URL: https://elar.rsvpu.ru/bitstream/123456789/5729/1/koho_2011_26.pdf
7. Shustrova, O.I. "New Technologies of Modern Theatre." In Internet and Modern Society: A Collection of Scientific Articles from the XVI All-Russian Unified Conference IMS-2013, St. Petersburg, October 9-11, 2013, p. 156.
8. Stanford University. "Energy and Environmental Impacts of Digital Technologies." URL: https://sustainable.stan-ford.edu/sites/default/files/Energy_and_Environmental_Impacts_of_Digital_Technologies.pdf
9. The New York Times. "Design, Digital Technology, Art." June 28, 2019. URL: https://www.ny-times.com/2019/06/28/arts/design/digital-technology-art.html
10. Wang, Wenfei. "Digital Fine Art of the Digital Era." Bachelor of Changzhi College (China), UDC 75. URL: https://na-journal.ru/4-2023-kultura-iskusstvo/4678-izobrazitelnoe-iskusstvo-cifrovoi-epohi
