CC BY
3
Kadirova D.N.
Dotsent Termiz State University Termiz, Uzbekistan
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SOYBEAN PLANT IN THE NATIONAL
ECONOMY
Annotation: An alternative to meat, a cheap source of high-quality protein in the face of rising prices for livestock products in the world market, soybeans have been studied in Surkhandarya region, and the analysis has identified promising areas for food security in the region.
Key words: Soybean, food - food safety, protein, fat, productivity.
Today, the problem of food security has become a major problem in the development of the world economy and politics. Droughts and natural disasters have severely affected food prices and the developing world. According to experts, if a person gets at least 90g of complete protein per day, a high level of food security and sustainable development will be ensured. However, the diet of more than half of the world's population does not meet healthy eating standards: there is a shortage of protein foods, the main sources of which are animal products and some plant products. However, due to the high cost of meat for the majority of the population, in such conditions, the plant that replaces it - soy - becomes the most important protein food.
In Uzbekistan, especially in recent years, the problem of supply of vegetable oil is urgent, as the population's demand for it is growing every year. Vegetable oils have a high potential for use not only in the food industry, but also as a valuable technical raw material - they serve as raw materials in the production of drying oils, linoleum, paints and varnishes, soap and medicine. Due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, they are more beneficial than animal fats.
The results of the study of the basics of the soybean market in Uzbekistan show that it is expedient to develop and increase soybean production, which is one of the most effective ways to solve the food problem. But at the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the level of state support for the livestock industry, which is the main consumer of soy products.
In this regard, the government has adopted a number of normative documents to improve the quality of products in this sector and expand its promising range, to regulate the full and efficient use of raw materials. In particular, in accordance with the program of the Cabinet of Ministers of January 31, 2017 "Measures to be taken by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and regional administrations and JSC" Uzpakhtayog "on the cultivation of oilseeds in 2017" Work is underway to increase production volumes and to regularly monitor the timely and full implementation of measures
developed on the basis of this program, to eliminate the identified shortcomings and problems in a timely manner. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 14, 2017 No PQ-2832 "On measures to increase the sowing of soybeans and soybeans in the Republic in 2017-2021" provides the population with cheap and high-quality vegetable oil to attract foreign partners with advanced experience in the cultivation and cultivation of soybeans, varieties and hybrids of early maturing, high-yielding, disease and pest resistant, adapted to different soil and climatic conditions. work to accomplish important tasks is recognized [1].
Growing soybeans in agricultural production is one of the most cost-effective methods because the production of vegetable oils is 5-7 times cheaper than that of animals [2].
Assessing the prospects for the development of the production and market of soy products, we can say with confidence that they occupy at least one of the most important places in the diet of people in this century. This assessment is based on all the evidence, the most important of which is of global importance. It is the desire of all countries to implement the concept of sustainable development, one of the key aspects of which is to solve the food problem in the context of the gradual growth of the world's population. This opens the way for the transition of most human beings from consuming animal proteins to plant proteins to alleviate the severity of the food problem.
Of the 350 species of plants that humans use for food, soy contains the most harmonious combination of protein, fat, mineral salts and vitamins. For example, soy protein reduces the cost of producing meat products and improves the production process. Every year, the world's demand for soy protein for food, feed and industrial use is growing.
Soybean is a valuable oil and high protein crop. The amino acid composition of soy protein is the most balanced of all plant protein sources and, with some exceptions, is similar to that of high quality animal protein. As a result, soybeans rank first in the world among annual legumes and oilseeds in terms of sown area and gross grain yield [3].
In this context, the need to study ways to shape the market for soy and its processed products is becoming increasingly important for Uzbekistan in addressing the shortage of vegetable and animal proteins. In this regard, the experiments conducted at the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Scientific Research Institute of Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnology on 4 promising varieties of soybean (local Baraka, Tomaris-man 60, Ustoz MM-60 and foreign Vilona) show that The yield was 20-21 centners per hectare in Vilona and Tomaris-man 60 varieties, 27-30 centners per hectare in Baraka and Ustoz MM-60 varieties, and the chemical composition was 45-52% of protein. and the presence of 17-25% fat was found.
In addition, soybeans are a major supplier of protein, nutritious food for livestock and poultry, as well as increasing soil fertility.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it is possible to increase meat production by expanding the area of soybeans and establishing its processing, strengthening the country's food security, creating jobs, reducing the cost of meat production. and help improve quality, increase budget revenues, and effectively manage available resources.
REFERENCES
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2. Дон Р. Соя. Дорога в будущее. — М.: Социально-политическая мысль, 2005.
3. Фозилов Ш. М. Периодичность роста и формирования урожая у внутривидовых форм пшеницы //Интернаука. - 2019. - №. 45-1. - С. 18-20.
4. Musurmonovich, Fozilov Sherzod, Xandalova Sharofat Komiljonovna, and Samadov Amirxon Qudrat o'g'li. "Some Photosynthetic Indicators of Soybean Varieties." Texas Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5 (2022): 255-257.
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