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LEGAL SCIENCES
The enhancement of international-legal effectiveness of the UN Security
Council resolutions
Nodirkhonova N. (Republic of Uzbekistan)
Повышение международной правовой эффективности резолюций Совета Безопасности ООН Нодирхонова Н. (Республика Узбекистан)
Нодирхонова Нилуфар /Nodirkhonova Nilufar - преподаватель, кафедра ЮНЕСКО «Международного права и прав человека», факультет международного права,
Университет мировой экономики и дипломатии, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Abstract: this article discusses the rationale aimed at the implementation of UN Security Council’s rule-making authority and assumes the following main tasks: description of rulemaking power as a way to implement the main responsibility of the UN Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security in accordance with the UN Charter; determination of the criteria of the international standard-setting in relation to the resolutions of the UN Security Council; characteristic of the legal framework and identifying the limits of the UN Security Council’s law-making powers, as well as the need to recognize the resolutions of the Security Council as a source of international law status. Аннотация: в статье рассматриваются вопросы, направленные на обоснование осуществления Советом Безопасности ООН нормотворческих полномочий и предполагает решение следующих основных задач: характеристика
нормотворческих полномочий как способ реализации главной ответственности Совета Безопасности ООН для поддержания международного мира и безопасности в соответствии с Уставом ООН; определение критериев международного нормотворчества применительно к резолюциям Совета Безопасности ООН; характеристика правовой основы и выявление пределов осуществления Советом Безопасности ООН нормотворческих полномочий, а также необходимости
признаний резолюций Совета Безопасности в качестве статуса источника международного права.
Keywords: international organization of states, the UN Security Council, permanent members, the non-permanent members, the Security Council decision, the right of veto, the maintenance of peace and security, the ratification, implementation.
Ключевые слова: международная организация государств, Совет Безопасности ООН, постоянные члены, непостоянные члены, решения СБ, права вето, поддержание мира и безопасности, ратификация, имплементация.
International organizations have not only taken part in various forms of international relations as an ‘area” for compromising the wills of countries, but also as independent actors too. The activities of international intergovernmental organizations is of inferior importance, in purely legal sense, its important aspect are their rule-making activities. In this regard, V.
I. Margiev stated that "International organizations, being a part of the international system, carries out codification and control functions associated with it in the same level with countries affecting seriously to the development of the world"1. As well as in the Principle
1 Маргиев В.И. Правотворчество международных организаций. - Майкоп, 1998. - С. 46.
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of international law it was pointed out that "law-making creativity of international organizations is an integral part of the general international law”1.
Academic G.I. Tunku expressed his opinion as well: "The role of specialized international organizations’ regulatory recommendations is, undoubtedly, increasing in the international relations. Therefore, the determination of their legal nature and the true role is of not only theoretical but also practical significance.2"
There were expressed many opinions in international legal literature about the validity of the decisions of international organizations. In particular, the professor P.N. Biryukov said, "the power of the resolutions of international organizations is associated with their Charters. In accordance with the Charter of most of the bodies, their resolutions have recommendatory character”.3 The researcher agrees with the idea that the legal power of the resolutions origins back from the Charter of the international organizations, but at the same time she has an argument with Biryukov’s opinion regarding the second matter. The reason for this is that overwhelming majority of the international organizations maintains the right of making binding decisions for the main or the head bodies, including certain types of matters. Furthermore, the researcher draws a conclusion that the binding power of the resolutions of international organizations is not always noted down in their establishment documents (Regulations). The resolutions acquire such a binding feature by the mention of member states during the implementation process too.
In current international law sphere, the resolutions of international organizations became an effective regulation method of international relations. By the resolutions are regulated not only the narrow sense interstate relations, but also the entire international relations too. Additionally, we can come to the following conclusions about certain reasons why the effectiveness of resolutions can not reach the desired level.
Firstly, while dealing with some issues of international relations, the political approach prevails over the legal approach. Thus, a range of important decisions concerning topical issues of international relations remain without being taken. For instance, any one of the permanent members the UN Security Council can block the acceptance of a resolution using their right to veto without any reasons.
Secondly, some countries adopt a resolution with the consideration of their own benefits and national interests, and with this action they violate the universal values or common interests of the international community.
As a key tool for not implementing the resolutions of UN Security Council serves the resolutions used in many different countries or unreasonable way of defining their basic rules. The researcher made her conclusion from it that after the adoption of governments’ resolutions, any attempt to give one-sided definitions to the basic rules must be found illegal, because only the Security Council itself or the UN International Court can make authentic and official comments on the resolutions of the UN Security Council.
So the following conclusions can be drawn:
Firstly, the efficiency of international organizations, including the United Nations Security Council is primarily due to the interconnection of legal and non-legal factors. There are distinguished the legal factors such as the quality of resolutions’ expression, its compatibility with other documents and uncontroversial features as well as non-legal factors such as objective development laws of international relations, world economy connected with them, international politics and the principles of other spheres in international life.
1 Ковалева Т.М. Правотворческая деятельность межгосударственной организации как способ реализации учредительного акта: Автореф. дис. ... д-ра юрид. наук. - Калининград, 1999. - С. 10.
2 Тункин Г.И. Теория международного права / Под. общ. ред. Н.Л. Шестакова. - М.: Изд-во «Зерцало», 2000. - С. 159.
3 Бирюков П.Н. Обязательные резолюции международных организаций // Его же. Международное право: Учеб. пособие. - М.: Юристъ, 1998. - С. 48.
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Secondly, the effectiveness of the UN Security Council resolutions depends on the direct obligations which were taken in order to provide the implementation of the resolution for which the members of Security Council (especially all permanent members) who voted themselves.
Third, the effectiveness of the UN Security Council resolutions depends on the views and actions of non-permanent members of Security Council too. Hence non-permanent members should acknowledge their role and importance in the Security Council and accordingly should effect actively to the opinions of not only Security Council but also to the ideas of permanent members too.
Fourth, the effectiveness of the UN Security Council resolutions depends on the other Bodies of UN as well, especially the General Assembly, in some cases to the relations of the International Court too. The UN is a system of interrelated and complementary components. In this sense, the activities of all main and assisting bodies of UN are oriented at reaching the goals mentioned in the Preamble and in the Articles 1-2 of the UN Charter.
Fifth, the effectiveness of the UN Security Council resolutions is directly linked to the identical interpretation of resolutions by the members of the Council and other bodies of international law.
References
1. Маргиев В.И. Правотворчество международных организаций. - Майкоп, 1998. - С. 46.
2. Ковалева Т.М. Правотворческая деятельность межгосударственной организации как способ реализации учредительного акта: Автореф. дис. ... д-ра юрид. наук. -Калининград, 1999. - С. 10.
3. Тункин Г.И. Теория международного права / Под. общ. ред. Н.Л. Шестакова. - М.: Изд-во «Зерцало», 2000. - С. 159.
4. Бирюков П.Н. Обязательные резолюции международных организаций // Его же. Международное право: Учеб. пособие. - М.: Юристъ, 1998. - С. 48.
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