CC BY
26UDC 636.09: 615.9: 636.2
NazarukN.V., GutyjB.V., GufrijD.F., Leskiv Kh. Ya., Ivashkiv R.M., Matyshuk T. V.
Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Pekarska, Str., 50, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2021-794-16-18 THE EFFECT OF METHYPHEN AND VITAMIX SE ON THE LEVEL OF PRODUCTS OF BULL LIPID PEROXIDE OXIDATION UNDER NITRATE-CADMIUM LOAD
Abstract.
The study aimed to investigate methyphene and Vitamix Se's antioxidant properties under the nitrate-cadmium loading in young cattle. The experiments were performed on 20 bulls of six months of age, black-spotted breed, from which four groups of 5 animals in each were formed: control and three experimental groups. The control group's bulls (C) were fed with feed for a month sodium nitrate at a dose of 0.15 g NO3 /kg body weight together with cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg animal. The first experimental group (E1) bulls were fed sodium nitrate and cadmium chloride in the above doses for a month, and methyphene was given to the diet at a dose of 0.28 g/kg offeed. The second experimental group (E2) was fed sodium nitrate and cadmium chloride in the above doses for a month, and Vitamix Se was added to the diet at a dose of 0.03 g/kg body weight. The third experimental group (E3) bulls were fed sodium nitrate and cadmium chloride in the above doses for a month and fed with methyphene and Vitamix Se. The level of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation under conditions of chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis with cadmium loading was studied. Antioxidant properties of methyphene and Vitamix Se preparations in young cattle under conditions of nitrate-cadmium loading were installed. The use of methyphene and Vitamix Se in developing chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis of bulls with cadmium load contributed to reducing intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde. At nitrate-cadmium loading, the best effect on inhibition ofprocesses ofperoxidation of lipids of an organism of animals was shown by the combined use of methyphene and Vitamix Se.
Keywords: cadmium nitrate intoxication, antioxidant, nitrates, cadmium, lipids, malonic dialdehyde, diene conjugates.
Introduction
Lipids and their natural complexes are the basis for the construction of biological membranes, in which they perform essential functions. Double bonds accompany lipid oxidation in the diene conjugate system [2, 4]. Lipid peroxidation reactions reflect the cell's functional state and subcellular membranes, which are important for the body's viability.
The development of a pathological process is preceded by damage to cell membranes, which is manifested primarily by a violation of the lipid layer's functional state. Numerous toxicosis is known, characterized by disturbances of oxidative-antioxidant balance, including nitrate-nitrite and cadmium toxicosis [1, 3, 57]. Previous studies have shown that under conditions of nitrate-cadmium loading in young cattle, the balance between the processes of lipid peroxidation and the an-tioxidant system's activity, resulting in the body accumulating a large number of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, products of lipid peroxidation that are harmful to the body as a whole and reduce the activity of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems of the body's antioxidant defense. Therefore, to correct this balance, we used drugs that have antioxidant properties [8, 9].
As antioxidants, we took the drugs methyphene and Vitamix Se, which are permitted in clinical veterinary practice, mainly in sick animals with nitrate-nitrite toxicosis. However, there is no data on the use of these drugs under nitrate-cadmium loading in the literature.
Therefore, our work aimed to investigate methyphene and vitamin Se's antioxidant properties during nitrate-cadmium loading in young cattle.
Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 20 bulls of six months of age, black-spotted breed, from which four groups of 5 animals in each were formed: control and three experimental groups. The C group's bulls were fed with feed for a month sodium nitrate at a dose of 0.15 g NO3 /kg body weight together with cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg animal. The E1 group's bulls were fed sodium nitrate and cadmium chloride in the above doses for a month and methyphene was given to the diet at a dose of 0.28 g/kg of feed. The E2 group's bulls were fed sodium nitrate and cadmium chloride in the above doses for a month, and Vitamix Se was added to the diet at a dose of 0.03 g/kg body weight. The E3 group's bulls were fed sodium nitrate and cadmium chloride in the above doses for a month and fed with methyphen and Vitamix Se.
The level of malonic dialdehyde was determined (MDA) by the method of E.N. Korobeynikov (1989), the level of diene conjugates (DC) was determined by the method of I.D. Steel (1977)
Research results.
The effect of methyphen on the level of intermediates of lipid peroxidation in cadmium nitrate toxicosis is shown in table 1.
«COyyOMUM-JMTMaiL» #794)), 2©21 / VETERINARY SCIENCE
17
Table 1
The level of diene conjugates in the serum of bulls after the introduction of methyphene and Vitamix Se in _chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis with cadmium load (M±m, n=5)_
The blood test time (days) Diene conjugates (^mol/l)
Groups of animals
Control (nitrates + cadmium) Experimental 1 (nitrates + cadmium) methiphen Experimental 2 (nitrates + cadmium) Vitamix Se Experimental 3 (nitrates + cadmium) methyphene + Vitamix Se
The initial values 5.80±0.17 5.78±0.21 5.81±0.19 5.75±0.23
The first day 6.81±0.25 6.67±0.22 6.60±0.23 6.59±0.21
The fifth day 6.96±0.30 6.69±0.23 6.62±0.21 6.43±0.22 *
The tenth day 7.25±0.35 6.63±0.25 * 6.57±0.22 * 6.05±0.20 *
The fifteenth day 7.52±0.30 6.61±0.23 * 6.51±0,20 * 5.98±0.20 *
The twentieth day 7.67±0.34 6.34±0.22 * 6.19±0.19 * 5.86±0.21 *
The thirtieth day 7.81±0.38 6.16±0.20 * 6.05±0.19* 5.80±0.23 *
As can be seen from this table, the level of DC in the blood of bulls, which were given methyphen on the first day of the experiment, was 6.67±0.22 ^mol/l, which is 15% higher than the initial values and 2% lower than the control values-groups of animals. On the fifth day, the level of DC in the blood of the Ei group decreased by 4% relative to the C group's values. On the tenth day, this indicator decreased by 9%. On the fifteenth day, the level of DC felt by 12%. On the twentieth day, the intermediate peroxidation products' level was 6.34±0.22 ^mol/l. On the thirtieth day, the diene conjugates' level felt by 21% relative to the C group.
The use of Vitamix Se in the E2 group contributed to a more likely reduction in the level of diene conjugates than the use of methyphene. In the blood of animals, it was lower than in the Ei group throughout the experiment. Thus, compared with the C group, the level of the studied indicator on the fifth day decreased by 5%, on the tenth day - by 9%, on the fifteenth day - by 13%, on the twentieth day - by 19% respectively.
However, the use of the above drugs did not reduce the level of intermediates to the limits of physiological norms, so the combined use of these drugs contributed to better neutralization of lipid peroxidation products. The level of DC in the blood of the E3 group compared to other groups was the lowest, where it ranged from 6.59±0.21 to 5.80±0.23 ^mol/l, respectively. The diene conjugates' level in experimental bulls' blood fluctuated within the physiological norm from the twentieth day. It was lower than the C group of animals by 24 and 26%, respectively.
Therefore, the combined use of methyphene and Vitamix Se in animals under conditions of nitrate-cadmium loading prevents the formation of intermediate products of lipid peroxidation in animals' blood.
The second important factor is the study of the final products of lipid peroxidation - malonic dialdehyde. Table 2 shows the changes in this indicator in the blood of bulls under conditions of chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis with cadmium load and the effect of antioxidant drugs: methyphene and Vitamix Se.
Table 2
The level of malonic dialdehyde in the serum of bulls after the introduction of methyphene and Vitamix Se in chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis with cadmium load (M±m, n=5)
Blood test time (days) Malonic dialdehyde (^mol/l)
Groups of animals
Control (nitrates + cadmium) Experimental 1 (nitrates + cadmium) methiphen Experimental 2 (nitrates + cadmium) Vitamix Se Experimental 3 (nitrates + cadmium) methyphene + Vitamix Se
The initial values 0.233±0.010 0.235±0.010 0.240±0.009 0.239±0.011
The first day 0.264±0.011 0.262±0.011 0.263±0.012 0.260±0.010
The fifth day 0.277±0.012 0.260±0.010 * 0.259±0.010 * 0.256±0.011 *
The tenth day 0.286±0.011 0.263±0.011* 0.261±0.010* 0.251±0.011*
The fifteenth day 0.292±0.012 0.258±0.010* 0.254±0.011* 0.248±0.009*
The twentieth day 0.299±0.011 0.251±0.009* 0.249±0.010* 0.244±0.011*
The thirtieth day 0.310±0.013 0.252±0.011* 0.250±0.009* 0.244±0.010*
When feeding animals sodium nitrate at a dose of 0.15 g NO3 /kg body weight and cadmium chloride at a 3.0 mg/kg dose, was found an increase in MD from the first day of the experiment, where it raised by 13%
compared to baseline. On the fifth day, the malonic dialdehyde level was 0.277±0.012 pmol/l. On the tenth day, the level of lipid peroxidation products continued to increase. On the twentieth day, it grew by 28%, on the thirtieth day - by 33% relative to the initial data.
The use of methyphene and Vitamix Se in bulls of the E3 group helped reduce lipid peroxidation's final product. When comparing experimental groups with the control, it was found that on the fifth day of the experiment, the MD level decreased by 6, 6.5, and 7.6%, respectively. On the tenth day in the blood of the E1 group, the level was 0.263±0.011 ^mol/l, in the E2 group, the level was 0.261±0.010 ^mol/l, in the E3 group, the level of MD was 0.251±0.011 pmol/l. On the fifteenth day of the experiment, the level of malonic di-aldehyde continued to decrease relative to the values of the C group. This figure felt in animals treated with methyphene - by 12%, in animals treated with Vitamix Se - by 13%, and in bulls treated with methyphene. Together with Vitamix Se reduced by 15%. On the twentieth and thirtieth days in the blood of bulls of all experimental groups again noted a decrease in the level of MD and reached the physiological values.
It should be noted that the combined use of methyphene and Vitamix Se in animals with chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis with cadmium loading contributed to a better reduction of the final products of lipid peroxidation.
Summing up the results of the research, we came to the following conclusions:
- the use of methyphene and Vitamix Se in the development of chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis of bulls with cadmium load contributed to the reduction of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation, namely diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde;
- at nitrate-cadmium loading of bulls, the best effect on inhibition of processes of peroxidation of lipids of an organism of animals was shown by the combined use of metifen and Vitaminx Se.
References
1. Gildenskiold, R.S., Novikov, Yu.V., & Kha-miduli, R.S. (1992). Heavy metals in the environment and their effect on the body (review). Hygiene and sanitation, 5-6, 6-9.
2. Gonsky, Y.I., Yastremskaya, S.O., Boychuk, B.R. (2001). Age features of violation of lipid peroxidation and activity of energy-supplying enzymes in cadmium intoxication. Medical Chemistry, 3(1), 16-19.
3. Gutiy, B.V. (2005). The effect of sodium nitrate in a toxic dose on lipid peroxidation. Nauk. Visn. Lviv. nat. acad. vet. med. S.Z. Gzhytskoho, 7(2), 16-19.
4. Kmet, T.I., Vlasik, L.I. (2004). Features of the state of peroxide oxidation of proteins in juvenile animals with different types of metabolism under conditions of nitrate-cadmium intoxication. Modern problems of toxicology, 2, 36-38.
5. Slobodian, S. O., Gutyj, B. V., & Leskiv, K. Y.
(2019). The level of lipid peroxidation products in the rats blood under prolonged cadmium and lead loading. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 2(3), 15-18. doi: 10.32718/ujvas2-3.04
6. Lavryshyn Yu.Yu., Gutyj B.V., Paladiychuk O.R. Influence of metisevit and lipointersil on morphological indices of bull blood under cadmium loading. Colloquium-journal, 2020, №18 (70), 10-14.
7. Lavryshyn Y., Gutyj B., Leskiv Ch., Kalyn B., Holub O., Romanovych M. The effect of Cadmium on the level of vitamins A and E in the blood of young cattle. Colloquium-journal, 2020, №32 (84), 11-15
8. Lesyk, Y., Ivanytska, A., Kovalchuk, I., Monas-tyrska, S., Hoivanovych, N., Gutyj, B., Zhelavskyi, M., Hulai, O., Midyk, S., Yakubchak, O., Poltavchenko,T.
(2020). Hematological parameters and content of lipids in tissues of the organism of rabbits according to the silicon connection. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(1), 30-36. doi: 10.15421/2020_5
9. Varkholiak I. S., Gutyj B. V., Kushnir V. I., Nazaruk N. V., Lisnyak O. I., & Yurynets T. V. (2020). The effect of bendamine on the intensity of lipid perox-idation and the activity of the antioxidant defense system of blood in rats in experimental doxorubicin-in-duced cardiomyopathy. Scientific Messenger of Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Veterinary sciences, 22(100), 3640. doi: 10.32718/nvlvet10007
Varkholiak I.S., Gutyj B. V., Leskiv Kh. Ya.,
Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies,
Lviv, Ukraine Kushnir V.I.,
State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives,
Lviv, Ukraine Hariv I.I., Martyshuk T. V., Guta Z.A.
Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies,
Lviv, Ukraine
DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2021-794-18-21 THE EFFECT OF BENDAMINE ON ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION OF RATS' MYOCARDIUM IN
DOXORUBICIN INTOXICATION
Abstract.
The study aimed to investigate the effect of the remedy "Bendamine" on rats' antioxidant status in experimental doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. The research was performed on white sexually mature young male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. Animals were divided into three groups of six rats each: control group - intact; experimental group E1 - doxorubicin was applicated intraperitoneally at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks; experimental group E2 - in case of doxorubicin intoxication, the drug "Bendamine" was administered intragastrically at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The action of doxorubicin and the development of the hypoxic state in rats are accompanied by activation of oxidative stress and enhancement offree radical processes. It was indicated by
