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THE ARTISTIC STYLE CHARACTERISTICS OF HUI-STYLE ARCHITECTURE
Liu Chuanhang
Liu Chuanhang - Doctor of Arts, lecturer, CHAOHU UNIVERSITY; HEFEI, ANHUI PROVINCE, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Abstract: Hui-style art is an indispensable branch of Chinese traditional art and culture, and Hui-style architecture is an important part of Hui-style art. The Huizhou architecture is famous for its exquisite architectural skills and unique architectural style. Its design not only has the function of use, but also integrates the aesthetic requirements. At the same time, it also reflects the 'Huizhou three absolutes' of Huizhou culture (that is, the structure is ingenious, the layout is ingenious, and the construction is ingenious). Three carving art is another prominent feature of Huizhou art. By carving exquisite patterns in different parts of the building, it shows the superb artistic level and exquisite technology. (Project Fund: Funded by Anhui Provincial Department of Education International Chinese Education Research Project (No.23ZW00i6),mSM.. 23ZW0016).
Keywords: Huizhou architecture; style; characteristics; chinese traditional art.
ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ СТИЛЯ ХУЭЙ
Лю Чуанхан
Лю Чуанхан - доктор искусств, преподаватель, Университет Чаоху; г. Хэфэй, провинция Аньхой, Китайская Народная Республика
Аннотация: искусство стиля Хуэй является неотъемлемой частью традиционного китайского искусства и культуры, а архитектура стиля Хуэй является важной частью искусства стиля Хуэй. Архитектура Хуэйчжоу славится своими изысканными архитектурными навыками и уникальным архитектурным стилем. Ее дизайн не только имеет функцию использования, но и объединяет эстетические требования. В то же время он также отражает «три абсолюта Хуэйчжоу» культуры Хуэйчжоу (то есть структура гениальна, планировка гениальна, и конструкция гениальна). Искусство трех резьбы является еще одной выдающейся чертой искусства Хуэйчжоу. Вырезая изысканные узоры в разных частях здания, он демонстрирует превосходный художественный уровень и изысканные технологии. (Фонд проекта: финансируется Международным исследовательским проектом в области китайского образования Департамента образования провинции Аньхой (№ 23ZW0016).
Ключевые слова: архитектура Хуэйчжоу; стиль; характеристики; китайское традиционное искусство.
As an important genre of Chinese traditional architecture, the Huizhou architecture is famous for its unique artistic style and exquisite architectural skills. It not only embodies the essence of Chinese traditional culture, but also shows Huizhou people 's profound understanding of natural harmony, social order and spiritual pursuit [1, с. 87].
Overview of Huizhou architecture. The art types of Huizhou architecture mainly include four categories: architectural layout, structural skills, decorative art and material use. These types of art are interrelated and jointly shape the characteristics of Huizhou architecture [2, с. 252].
First of all, the architectural layout is the soul of Huizhou architecture, following the traditional feng shui concept of ' relying on mountains and water ' and the site selection principle of ' feng shui treasure land '. The layout of Huizhou architecture is usually ' front hall and back room ', that is, the main hall is the main space for meeting guests and family activities, while the chamber is the private space for living and living. In addition, the design of the patio not only has the function of lighting and ventilation, but also reflects the meaning of Huizhou people 's "four waters to Mingtang" wealth accumulation [1, с. 87].
Secondly, in terms of structural skills, Huizhou architecture mainly uses wood as the main material, and adopts the structure of ' wear bucket brick column ', that is, the crossbeam is connected with the column through the crossbeam, which enhances the stability of the building. In particular, the ' wax gourd beam ' structure, that is, the middle part of the beam is slightly arched, forming a stable and powerful support point. This structure is not only beautiful, but also reflects the ingenious design and exquisite skills of Huizhou architects. In addition, the use of a large number of wood also reflects the concept of environmental protection and sustainable development of Huizhou architecture [2, с. 252].
Third, decorative art is an important part of Huizhou architecture, including wood carving, brick carving and stone carving. The content of these decorations is rich and varied, from characters to flowers and birds, from landscapes to abstract auspicious patterns, all of which reflect the diversity and artistry of Huizhou architectural decoration. As the focus of decoration, wood carving has fine craftsmanship and rich artistic expressions, such as round carving, relief carving, hollow carving, etc., which all reflect the exquisiteness and artistic depth of Huizhou architecture. The building 's powder wall Daiwa, formed a unique ' white wall black tile ' visual effect of Huizhou architecture, and improved the overall artistic style.
Finally, the use of materials is also a prominent feature of Huizhou architecture. Hui-style buildings use a large number of traditional materials such as wood, wood oil decoration, brick and stone, which not only reflects the use of natural materials and the protection of buildings, but also shows the environmental awareness of Hui-style buildings and the
adherence to traditional crafts. For example, the use of wood not only brings good structural performance, but also gives architecture more artistic value and aesthetic value through unique oil decoration technology. In the process of selecting materials, Huizhou architects also pay attention to the localization of materials to reduce transportation costs and environmental impact.
The artistic types and characteristics of Hui-style architecture reflect profound cultural heritage and exquisite artistic attainments. Through the in-depth interpretation of these types of art, we can more fully understand the artistic value and historical significance of Huizhou architecture, and better understand the unique position of Huizhou architecture in Chinese traditional architecture [3, a 76].
The artistic characteristics of Huizhou architecture. As an important genre of Chinese traditional architecture, Hui-style architectural art style has been widely recognized and inherited for its unique artistic charm and historical and cultural value.
The style characteristics of Huizhou architecture are mainly manifested in the following aspects: The design concept of Huizhou architecture emphasizes the harmonious coexistence with the natural environment. Huizhou is located in the mountainous area, where the mountains and rivers are connected, which makes the Huizhou architecture emphasize the layout of ' relying on the mountains and water ' in the design, aiming to minimize the damage to the natural environment and bring elegant visual effects. The site selection of the building group is close to the mountains and rivers, which not only meets the requirements of fengshui, but also can be harmoniously integrated with the surrounding natural landscape visually, forming a picturesque picture scroll [4, a 148-150]. The layout design of Huizhou architecture pays attention to ' taking advantage ', that is, fully considering the characteristics of topography and geomorphology in the design, reasonably planning the orientation, height and size of the building, so as to achieve harmony and unity with the natural environment. For example, some buildings use natural terrain to build multi-level courtyards, which not only ensures privacy, but also effectively utilizes space, achieving both practical and beautiful results.
The material selection and construction technology of Huizhou architecture are also important manifestations of style characteristics. Huizhou architecture uses a large number of materials such as wood, brick and stone, among which the use of wood is particularly prominent in the framework, such as the use of beam lifting and bucket structure. The design of these structures not only has strong practicability, but also reflects the aesthetic pursuit of Huizhou architecture in the structure. At the same time, the beam frame of the building is usually not painted but treated with tung oil to maintain the natural texture of the wood and highlight the characteristics of simplicity and elegance. In addition, the use of a large number of wood, brick and stone materials, as well as the decorative art of ' three carvings ' (brick carving, wood carving and stone carving ), further enriched the artistic connotation and aesthetic value of Huizhou architecture. The use of color in Huizhou architecture is also one of the remarkable characteristics of artistic style. The color matching represented by white walls and black tiles can not only form a harmonious visual effect with the surrounding natural landscape, but also reflect the elegant and concise aesthetic pursuit of Huizhou architecture. Such color matching is used repeatedly in Huizhou architecture, and finally forms a significant visual symbol of Huizhou architecture. The artistic style of Huizhou architecture is the result of many factors, such as harmonious natural environment, scientific layout, exquisite material and structure, and unique color application. It is not only an important part of Chinese traditional architectural art, but also a part of the excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, which is worthy of our in-depth study and inheritance.
The decorative techniques of Huizhou architecture are mainly manifested in the following aspects: First of all, the decorative techniques of Huizhou architecture have distinct characteristics in the use of color. The monochrome of black, white and gray forms the unique aesthetic tone of Huizhou architecture. This choice of color is not only related to the fact that Huizhou is located in the south of the Yangtze River, but also reflects the aesthetic taste of Huizhou merchants and their requirements for living environment. In this context, the color of Huizhou dwellings is in harmony with the surrounding natural environment, creating a quiet and peaceful atmosphere [5, a 222]. Secondly, the decorative techniques of Huizhou architecture also have their own uniqueness in material selection. Hui-style dwelling houses use a large number of natural wood. Through exquisite wood carving technology, the natural texture and the shadow effect of the intersection of yin and yang are vividly displayed. The content of wood carving is rich and varied, including natural elements such as animals and plants, as well as symbols of traditional culture such as dragons, phoenixes and unicorns. The use of these elements not only reflects the artistic aesthetics of Huizhou architecture, but also contains rich cultural connotations [6, a 228].
Furthermore, the decoration of Huizhou architecture pays attention to the density and density in the layout, which not only highlights the functionality of the building, but also enhances the aesthetic sense of hierarchy. For example, doors and windows, beams and columns and the space under the beam are the key parts of woodcarving decoration. Through decoration, it not only satisfies the practicability of the building, but also enhances the value of art. In some important decorative parts, gold powder is also used to embellish the building, which makes the building magnificent and shows the owner 's economic strength and social status.
In addition, the decorative techniques of Huizhou architecture are also reflected in the innovative use of traditional cultural elements. For example, the selection and layout of architectural elements not only consider the actual function of the building, but also reflect the respect and inheritance of traditional culture. In the design, not only the traditional use of bricks and stones, but also the innovative integration of bamboo and other elements into the building, which not only meets the practicality of the building, but also brings a unique aesthetic experience.
The decorative techniques of Hui-style architecture embody the unique style and profound cultural heritage of Hui-style
art in terms of color application, material selection, layout design and innovative application of traditional cultural elements. The formation of this decorative art is not only the pursuit of architectural functions, but also the embodiment of the aesthetic taste and cultural taste of the occupants. Through the use of these decorative techniques, Huizhou architecture not only has practicality, but also has artistic and aesthetic value, and has become an important part of Chinese traditional architectural art [7, с. 65].
The Hui-style architecture is not only unique in artistic style and decorative techniques, but also has certain cultural connotations. First of all, the introversion and rigor of Huizhou art reflect the Confucianism in Chinese traditional culture. The design of Huizhou architecture emphasizes proportional harmony and rigorous structure. It pursues an internal order and balance, reflecting the moderation of Huizhou culture. At the same time, this design style also reflects the Huizhou people 's virtue of rationality, restraint and economy, as well as the fine polishing of details, reflecting the unremitting pursuit of perfection [8, с. 101-102].
Secondly, the inner show and gorgeousness of Huizhou art show the depth and breadth of Huizhou culture. The decorative details of Huizhou architecture, such as exquisite brick carving and wood carving, not only show the exquisite skills of craftsmen, but also reflect the depth and connotation of Huizhou culture. These decorative objects, such as dragon and phoenix, unicorn, etc., often contain rich symbolic meanings, reflecting Huizhou people 's pursuit of ' happiness, prosperity and longevity ', as well as their prayers for auspicious harmony [9, с. 41-42].
To sum up, Hui-style architecture is an important genre of Chinese traditional architecture. Its unique style and architectural art provide valuable information for the study of Chinese architectural history. The design concept and construction method of Huizhou architecture are mainly influenced by the traditional architectural forms such as ' dry column type ', ' upstairs hall ' and ' courtyard ', and also integrate the humanistic characteristics of Huizhou area. The artistic features are mainly reflected in the diversification of the horsehead wall, the innovation of the patio form, the diversity of the gatehouse type and the exquisite craftsmanship of the ' three carvings '. These architectural elements not only enrich the appearance of Huizhou architecture, but also enhance its inherent artistic value.
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