CC BY
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№ 12 (129)
декабрь, 2024 г.
DOI - 10.32743/UniTech.2024.129.12.18784
TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING AMINES FROM PLASTIC WASTE AND CREATING POLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON THEM
Jahongir Normurotov
PhD student
at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Termez State University of Engineering and Agrotechnology,
Uzbekistan, Termez E-mail: [email protected]
O'rol Axmedov
Associate Professor of the Department of "Chemical Engineering" of Termez State University of Engineering and Agrotechnology,
Uzbekistan, Termez
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АМИНОВ ИЗ ПЛАСТИКОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ И СОЗДАНИЯ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ КОМПОЗИТОВ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ
Нормуротов Джахонгир Боймуродович
аспирант кафедры Химическая технология Термезского государственного университета инженерии и агротехнологии,
Республика Узбекистан, г. Термез
Ахмедов О'рол Чориевич
доц. кафедры «Химическая технология» Термезского государственного университета инженерии и агротехнологии,
Республика Узбекистан, г. Термез
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной статье рассматривается технология получения аминов путем переработки пластиковых отходов и создания на их основе высокоэффективных полимерных композитов. В ходе исследования амины были получены в результате химического разложения отходов, а также изучены механические и химические свойства композитов, созданных с использованием этих аминов. Результаты показали, что композиты, изготовленные на основе переработанных аминов, обладают высокой прочностью и могут быть использованы в автомобильной, строительной и других отраслях промышленности.
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the technology of obtaining amines by recycling plastic waste and creating high-performance polymer composites based on them. During the study, amines were obtained as a result of chemical decomposition of waste, and the mechanical and chemical properties of composites created using these amines were studied. The results showed that composites made on the basis of recycled amines have high strength and can be used in automotive, construction and other industries.
Ключевые слова: пластиковые отходы, амины, полимерные композиты, переработка, экологическая проблема, технология.
Keywords: plastic waste, amines, polymer composites, recycling, environmental problem, technology.
INTRODUCTION
Millions of tons of plastic waste are collected worldwide every year, polluting the environment. The creation of new raw materials through their processing, in particular, the production of amines and the creation of polymer composites, is of great ecological and economic importance. This article analyzes the technology
for obtaining amines using plastic waste, the chemical basis of the process, and the application of this technology on an industrial scale.
Plastic waste is one of the global environmental problems. The non-biodegradability of polymers in natural conditions leads to their accumulation in landfills. The generation of millions of tons of plastic waste every year around the world harms the ecological system,
Библиографическое описание: Normurotov J.B., Axmedov O.Ch. TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING AMINES FROM PLASTIC WASTE AND CREATING POLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON THEM // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2024. 12(129). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/18784
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and waste recycling is of great importance. In particular, high-value amines can be obtained by recycling materials such as polyamide and polyurethane.
In this study, a technology was developed to obtain amines through the chemical decomposition of plastic waste and use them to create high-quality polymer composites. This approach, while solving environmental problems, allows the production of highly efficient and economically viable materials.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
International scientific articles and studies on the production of amines from plastic waste show that this area requires innovative technologies. Currently, many projects are being implemented in Europe to obtain polyamides and amine compounds through thermochemical processing of waste. In Uzbekistan, plastic waste processing mainly stops at the granulation stage. However, deep chemical stages of processing are important in creating high-value products aimed at export. The research consists of three stages: Raw material preparation: Collection, cleaning and sorting of plastic waste. The main focus is on thermoplastic materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Chemical processing:
Breaking down polymers to the monomer level through the pyrolysis process.
Carrying out the amination process to obtain amine compounds from monomers.
Composite creation: Production of polymer composites based on epoxy and polyamide using the obtained amines.
Technology for obtaining amines from plastic waste
Chemical decomposition methods for waste
Chemical methods such as hydrolysis, aminolysis and pyrolysis have been used to recycle plastic waste. Polyamides (e.g. nylon) and polyurethane waste have been broken down by hydrolysis or aminolysis. This process has produced the following amines:
From polyamides: e-caprolactam, hexamethylenedia-mine
From polyurethanes: 1,6-hexamethylenediamine and other secondary amines
Process parameters and equipment Reactor: High-pressure steel reactor Catalysts: aOH, ethanol solution Temperature: 180-250°C Time: 4-6 hours
Separation and purification
The resulting amines were purified by distillation and extraction. The purity of the purified amines was determined by gas chromatography to be 92-95%.
Technology for creating polymer composites
Composite material composition
The composition of the composite materials created in the study was as follows:
Polymer matrix: Epoxy resin and polyamide Fillers: Tolk, graphite fibers Plasticizer: Phthalate esters
Preparation stages
1. Mixing: Epoxy resin and amines were mixed homogeneously at 200°C.
2. Molding: The finished mixture was poured into special molds.
3. Curing: The curing process was carried out at 60-80°C for 8 hours.
RESULTS
Physical and mechanical properties of composites
The properties of the composites obtained during laboratory tests were determined as follows:
Analysis of results
The results showed that composites based on recycled amines have high mechanical strength and chemical resistance. The composites have high flexural strength and elastic modulus, which can be used in construction and automotive industries.
The results of the study are as follows:
The efficiency of the process of obtaining amines from plastic waste reached 85%.
It was observed that the mechanical properties of polymer composites based on recycled amines were high, and the strength and elasticity were 20% higher than those of traditional materials.
The technology ensures environmental sustainability, reduces waste by 40%, and is economically viable.
Plastic waste has become a global environmental issue, necessitating innovative recycling technologies. Converting plastic waste into value-added products such as amines and polymer composites offers a sustainable solution. Amines are versatile compounds used in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and the production of advanced materials. This process integrates chemical recycling and advanced polymerization techniques.
1. Obtaining Amines from Plastic Waste
Amines can be derived from plastic waste through
chemical depolymerization and functionalization processes:
Step 1: Depolymerization of Plastics
- Hydrolysis: Plastics such as polyamides (e.g., nylon) undergo hydrolysis to release monomers containing amine groups.
- Pyrolysis: Non-amide plastics (e.g., polyethylene or polypropylene) are subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis to yield hydrocarbons that can be functionalized.
Step 2: Functionalization of Hydrocarbon Derivatives
- Amination: Pyrolysis products are reacted with ammonia or amines in the presence of catalysts such as metal oxides or zeolites to introduce amine functionalities.
- Hydrogenation: Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrogenated in the presence of nitrogen sources to form primary, secondary, or tertiary amines.
Step 3: Separation and Purification
- The resulting mixture is subjected to distillation or chromatographic techniques to isolate pure amine compounds.
2. Creating Polymer Composites Using Amines
Amines derived from plastic waste serve as building
blocks for creating polymer composites. These composites
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can be tailored for specific mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties.
Step 1: Polymer Matrix Preparation
- The amines are polymerized or co-polymerized with other monomers (e.g., epoxy resins, polyurethanes) to form a matrix.
- This matrix provides the structural framework for the composite.
Step 2: Reinforcement with Fillers
- Reinforcement materials like carbon fibers, glass fibers, or nanoparticles are embedded into the polymer matrix to enhance properties such as strength, conductivity, or thermal resistance.
- Surface modification of fillers with amines improves compatibility with the polymer matrix.
Step 3: Composite Fabrication
- Melt Blending: The polymer and filler are blended at high temperatures using extrusion or injection molding techniques.
- Curing: Chemical curing agents (e.g., amine hardeners for epoxies) are added to achieve cross-linking and finalize the composite structure.
Step 4: Finishing and Testing
- The composite material is cooled, shaped, and tested for mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance.
Advantages of the Process
- Sustainability: Utilizes plastic waste, reducing environmental pollution.
- Cost Efficiency: Converts low-value waste into high-value products.
- Customizability: Allows the creation of tailored composites for diverse applications.
Applications
- Construction: Durable and lightweight building materials.
- Automotive: High-strength, lightweight components.
- Electronics: Insulating and conductive materials.
- Healthcare: Biocompatible and antibacterial materials.
By adopting this technology, industries can address
environmental challenges while creating economically viable and versatile materials. Further advancements in catalytic processes and material characterization can enhance the efficiency and scalability of this approach.
Table 1.
Table summarizing processes, results, and applications related to the extraction of amines from plastic waste and the creation of polymer composites
Step Process Outputs Applications
Plastic Waste Depolymerization - Hydrolysis (polyamides) Monomers with amine groups Feedstock for polymer composites
- Pyrolysis (other plastics) Hydrocarbon derivatives Precursors for functionalization
Functionalization - Amination Primary, secondary, or tertiary amines Chemical intermediates
- Hydrogenation Aminated hydrocarbons Polymer precursors
Polymer Matrix Formation - Polymerization Polymer matrices (e.g., epox-ies, polyurethanes) Structural framework for composites
Reinforcement Integration - Surface modification Improved filler-matrix compatibility Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties
- Melt blending Homogeneous polymer-filler composites Durable composite materials
Final Composite Production - Curing Cross-linked composite structures Automotive, construction, healthcare, electronics
Testing and Quality Control - Mechanical testing Validated material properties Ensures suitability for targeted applications
Conclusion
The technology of creating amines and polymer composites based on plastic waste is an environmentally friendly and economically efficient solution. By recycling waste, it is possible not only to obtain new raw materials, but also to reduce the use of natural resources. The resulting composites have high durability properties and can replace plastic materials in the automotive industry and construction.
If this technology is developed in the future, it will greatly contribute to energy efficiency and environmental
safety. There is an opportunity to reduce the consumption of natural raw materials and reduce landfills through waste recycling.
The technology of obtaining amines from plastic waste and creating polymer composites based on them has great potential for environmental protection and economic efficiency. The introduction of this technology in Uzbekistan:
Creates new environmental standards in waste management.
Stimulates the production of high-value polymer materials for domestic and foreign markets.
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Serves as a basis for the processing industry to reach a new level.
In the future, it is possible to increase economic efficiency by further automating the process and introducing innovative technologies.
According to the results of this research, the technology of obtaining amines from plastic waste and creating
декабрь, 2024 г.
polymer composites based on them has been successfully implemented. The resulting composites have high quality indicators and can be widely used in various industrial sectors. The improvement of this technology will allow for effective waste recycling and environmental sustainability.
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