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8Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 - 5.81 2022 - 5.94
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ PHYLOLOGICAL SCIENCES
UDC 371 3:811.512.161 TEACHING METHODS FOR THE TURKISH LANGUAGE: APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING
ATAM RUVEIDA IBRAHIMZHANOVNA Senior teacher, Master of Pedagogics, Department of "World Languages".
M.KH. Dulaty Taraz Regional University, Taraz.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the most effective methods and approaches in teaching the Turkish language. Turkish, as a member of the Turkic language family, poses unique challenges for learners, especially those from Indo-European backgrounds. By exploring traditional and modern methodologies, this paper identifies key strategies that facilitate the acquisition of Turkish by non-native speakers. From the grammar-translation method to communicative and task-based learning, each approach's strengths and weaknesses are evaluated. The article also discusses the importance of integrating cultural aspects into language teaching and emphasizes the role of technology in language instruction. The conclusion offers recommendations for educators to combine various methods for maximizing learner engagement and retention.
Keywords: Turkish language, teaching methodology, language acquisition, communicative approach, technology in education, task-based learning.
1. Introduction
The teaching of Turkish as a foreign language has gained global significance in recent years due to Turkey's growing economic and cultural influence. As a result, the need for effective teaching methodologies has become more pronounced. The linguistic structure of Turkish, characterized by vowel harmony and agglutination, presents both opportunities and challenges for learners. This paper explores the range of methodologies currently employed in teaching Turkish, with the aim of identifying best practices for fostering language acquisition.
2. Overview of the Turkish Language
Turkish is an agglutinative language belonging to the Turkic language family, and it exhibits a unique syntax and morphology compared to Indo-European languages. The fundamental characteristics of Turkish, such as SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) word order and the use of suffixes instead of prepositions, demand that teaching methods be adapted to meet learners' needs. Language instructors must also consider the cultural contexts that influence language use, ensuring learners gain a holistic understanding of Turkish.
3. Traditional Teaching Methods
3.1. Grammar-Translation Method
Historically, the grammar-translation method has been one of the most widely used approaches in language teaching. In Turkish language teaching, this method emphasizes the direct translation of texts and grammar rules. While effective for learners who prefer structured learning, it often neglects speaking and listening skills. The primary criticism of this method is its lack of focus on communication, making it less suitable for learners aiming to achieve fluency.
3.2. Audio-Lingual Method
The audio-lingual method, which focuses on repetitive drills and memorization, has also been applied to Turkish language teaching. This method is particularly useful for internalizing the pronunciation and phonological aspects of Turkish. However, as with the grammar-translation method, it falls short in developing communicative competence and can be monotonous for learners over time.
4. Communicative and Task-Based Approaches
4.1. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 - 5.81 2022 - 5.94
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ PHYLOLOGICAL SCIENCES
In recent years, communicative language teaching has become the preferred approach in Turkish language education. CLT emphasizes interaction and communication in real-life situations, moving away from grammar drills and focusing instead on language use in context. For Turkish, this approach is beneficial because it encourages learners to think in Turkish, enhancing their fluency and confidence.
4.2. Task-Based Language Learning (TBL)
Task-based learning, which involves the completion of meaningful tasks as a way to practice language skills, has proven effective in teaching Turkish. By focusing on tasks such as ordering food in a restaurant or asking for directions, learners engage with the language in a practical and relevant manner. TBL fosters critical thinking and helps learners apply their language skills in authentic situations.
5. Incorporating Technology in Turkish Language Teaching
The integration of technology has revolutionized language teaching, including Turkish. Online platforms, apps, and multimedia resources offer learners the opportunity to practice Turkish outside the classroom. Language learning apps like Duolingo and Babbel provide interactive exercises, while video platforms allow for exposure to native speakers. Additionally, language exchange platforms like Tandem facilitate real-time practice with Turkish speakers, offering an immersive experience that was previously difficult to achieve.
6. The Role of Culture in Language Teaching
Teaching Turkish as a foreign language requires a deep understanding of Turkish culture. Language and culture are intertwined, and without cultural competence, learners may struggle to fully grasp the meaning behind certain expressions and nuances. Incorporating Turkish music, literature, and history into language lessons not only enriches the learning experience but also motivates students to continue their studies.
7. Challenges in Teaching Turkish
Despite the advancements in teaching methodologies, several challenges remain. Turkish's agglutinative structure and vowel harmony present difficulties for learners unfamiliar with these concepts. Additionally, the lack of adequate teaching materials tailored specifically for non-native speakers can hinder progress. Teachers must continually adapt their methods and seek innovative ways to engage learners in overcoming these hurdles.
Conclusion
Effective teaching of the Turkish language requires a flexible approach that incorporates both traditional and modern methodologies. While no single method guarantees success, a combination of grammar-translation for foundational knowledge and communicative and task-based learning for practical application can yield the best results. Additionally, the inclusion of cultural content and the use of technology provide further avenues for enhancing the language learning experience. For educators, the challenge lies in balancing these methods to create a dynamic and engaging classroom environment that caters to diverse learner needs.
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