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2УДК 37
Ataeva B.
Senior Lecturer Department of Theory and Practice of Translation Turkmen National Institute of World Languages named after Dovletmammed Azady (Ashabat, Turkmenistan)
TEACHING HEARING AND SPEAKING IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Аннотация: article discusses effective approaches to teaching listening and speaking in a foreign language. The importance of these skills in the process of language acquisition is revealed, teaching strategies are proposed, including the use of authentic materials, role-playing games, phonetic training and modern technologies. Ways to overcome difficulties such as language anxiety are also discussed, and attention is focused on motivation and the development of independent learning. In conclusion, the importance of integrating these skills to achieve confidence andfluency in communication is emphasized.
Ключевые слова: teaching foreign languages, listening, oral speech, teaching methods, language motivation, phonetic training, technologies in education, language confidence, cultural integration.
The ability to hear and speak effectively is crucial when learning a foreign language. These skills not only form the foundation of communication but also help learners develop confidence and fluency. Teaching these skills involves a mix of strategies, tools, and methodologies designed to engage students in practical, interactive learning. This article explores effective techniques and considerations for teaching hearing and speaking in a foreign language.
Importance of Hearing and Speaking
Hearing and speaking are the pillars of oral communication. They enable learners to:
Understand real-world conversations: Hearing skills help decode accents, intonation, and pace in natural speech.
Express themselves confidently: Speaking allows learners to articulate thoughts, ask questions, and engage in dialogue.
Develop other skills: Listening improves comprehension and vocabulary acquisition, while speaking reinforces grammatical structures and pronunciation.
Focusing on these skills early ensures learners can immerse themselves in authentic contexts, leading to faster language acquisition.
Strategies for Teaching Hearing
1. Expose Students to Authentic Material:
Authentic audio resources, such as podcasts, interviews, and songs, help students familiarize themselves with different accents, speeds, and contexts. Teachers can select material suited to the learners' proficiency levels and gradually increase complexity.
2. Active Listening Exercises:
Use gap-filling activities where students listen and complete missing information.
Include comprehension questions to encourage attention to detail.
Engage in prediction exercises, where learners guess the next part of the conversation.
3. Phonetic Training:
Introducing students to the sounds and phonetic patterns of the target language sharpens their ability to discern subtle differences in pronunciation.
4. Shadowing Techniques:
Have students repeat words or phrases immediately after hearing them. This not only improves listening but also connects it to speaking fluency.
5. Interactive Listening Games:
Incorporate technology, such as language apps or interactive videos, where learners must listen to dialogues and respond in real time.
Strategies for Teaching Speaking
1. Encourage Repetition and Practice:
Frequent repetition of phrases and structured dialogues helps students internalize vocabulary and sentence patterns.
2. Role-Playing and Simulations:
Realistic scenarios, such as ordering at a restaurant or attending a meeting, encourage spontaneous language use and boost confidence in speaking.
3. Focus on Pronunciation and Intonation:
Teachers should emphasize correct pronunciation and guide learners to mimic the rhythm, stress, and intonation of native speakers. Tools like pronunciation apps or phonetics charts can be helpful.
4. Facilitate Group Discussions:
Collaborative speaking activities like debates, presentations, or group storytelling promote active use of the language.
5. Incorporate Feedback and Correction:
Provide constructive feedback on errors, but avoid overcorrection, which can hinder confidence. Encourage self-correction and peer evaluation to develop a learner's ability to recognize mistakes.
Integrating Technology
Modern language education benefits significantly from technological advancements. Tools such as:
Speech recognition software: Helps learners analyze their pronunciation accuracy.
Virtual language exchange platforms: Connect learners with native speakers for authentic practice.
Interactive apps: Duolingo, Babbel, or similar platforms combine listening and speaking exercises for practical engagement.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Brown, H. D. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Pearson Education. 2007;
2. Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. 2014;
3. Ur, P. A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory. Cambridge University Press. 2012
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