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16BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE OF ENDEM PLANTS SPREADING ONLY IN NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC FLORA OF AZERBAIJAN
Aliyeva A.
Nakhchivan State University, Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6539618
Abstract
Flora of Nakhchivan AR is rich from species point of view. The reason of this is various ecological medium and relief of the area. From ecological factors - heat, humidity, light, wind and tee, including to climate factor are of great importance in plants development. Soil condition, its mechanical, physical and agrochemical. Structure being edaphic factors, as well as height, slope aspect, inclined feature and surface being orographic factors play important role in plants gravity.
These factors met in the nature of Nakhchivan AR differ from other botanic-geographical regions. From species, point of view mountainous zone of Nakhchivan has great advantages comparing with other botanic-geographical regions of Azerbaijan.
Keywords: endemic, Nakhchivan Territory, ecological, climate factor, status
Introduction
Located in 38031'- 39047' northern latitude and 44°46'-46°10' eastern longitude of the southwestern part of the hesser Caucasus Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic has severe continental climate. The lowest field in Arazboyu plain (about 600-800 m), the highest peak is Gapijig (3906 m). State border of the Na-khchivan AR is bounded with Islamic Republic of Iran from the South by Araz river, Turkey Republic from the west, Zangazur and Daralayaz ranges and Armenia from the north and east. The main factors forming severe continental climate in the Nakhchivan AR were change of average annual weather temperature: 8-50 C-14- 120 C positive, in the coldest months of the year 6-100C negative minus 30° C frosty days during some years (Babayev S. Y, 1999).
Climate change or stability plays an important role in the formation of endemism center. (Susan Harrison and Reed Noss., 2017). Endemic species have been identified in the study of the flora biodiversity of the Translivan plain. (Abramova I.V., 2013, Ishmuratova M.Yu., Tleukenova S.U. et al., 2015, Mihaela Sa-marghitan, Silvia Oraoian, Corneliu Tanase, 2017). The types of endemic plants in danger of extinction in the Mediterranean Sea, it was noted. (Fenu G., Mattana E.§, 2011)
Of the 78% of endemic flowering plants growing in Iran, 42% are bordered by mountainous areas. Thus, at altitudes above 1400 m, the complexity of the microclimate and relief affects high biodiversity and endemism. (Jalil Noroozi, Amir Talebi, Moslem Dosost-mohammedi, Sara Manafzadeh, Zahra Asgarpour and Gerald M., 2019)
In the Brazilian state of Ceppa-gys-Caracas, 38 species of tuberous plants, 31 genera and 7 endemic species of 22 family were identified from 856 seed plants. (Gulietti A.M et al., 2019). According to the size of the distribution conditions in the Carpathians, endemic taxa are divided into 4 main groups: euryhoric (pancarpathic), mesochoric, stenochoric, microchoric. (Jan Kliment, Peter Turis & Monika Janisova, 2018).
Due to the complex climate and high mountainous areas of the study area, the diversity of endemic plants has been formed. (Julio Penas, Francisco J. Perez Gar-cia& Juan F., 2005; Gulbanu Aueskhanovna, Duman Kulakhmedovich Baizzhygitov et al., 2017). Information has been provided on the importance of migration in the protection of endemic plants due to climate change that may occur in the mountainous areas of Tibet. (Yujing Yan and Zhiyao Tang 2019). A number of endangered endemic plants have been identified on Mount Cameroon ( Martin Cheek, Isla Causon et al., 2019)
Being surrounded by high mountains in the north and bordered on Araz river in the south, in the territory of the Nakhchivan AR no transitional species are found from neighboring states and specific endemic plant species belonging here are spread.
Materials and methods
For the study of endemic species, plant samples were collected during about 40 expeditions in 20182020, starting from the "Arazboyu" plain of the Na-khchivan Autonomous Republic to the areas covering the middle, high mountains and alpine belt. The collected plant samples were herbariated and put into use. Literary data, flora of Turkey, Iran and Armenia were used to clarify that the species is endemic to the Na-khchivan Autonomous Republic. Endemic species of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been identified using the flora of neighboring countries Turkey, Iran and Armenia. The identified species are divided into systematic groups.
Endemic plants collected during expeditions from the plains of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic to the areas covering the middle and high mountain belt were identified through literature data, identifiers and atlas (Lazkov G.A. and Umralina A.R., 2015; Asgarov A. M., 2016)
The first flowering plants had been known since the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era. Flowering plants cover species more than 350 families; they spread throughout the world (the Earth). Being rich in characteristic species, a variety of flowering trees,
shrubs, grass which has grown in the flora of Na-khchivan. Among flowering plants Liliopsida or Monocotyledon class, constitute more than grasses. 73 species collected in 36 genera of 12 families of the class Monocotyledons grow only in the territory of Na-khchivan, one of the 5 largest botanical-geographical regions of Azerbaijan. Another class of flowering plants, Magnoliopsida - 467 species belonging to 47 genera, 9 subfamilies, 214 genera of dicotyledons are only in the flora of Nakhchivan AR (Asgarov A.M., 2011, 2016; Talibov T.H., Ibrahimov A.S. 2008, 2010; Seyidov M.M., Ibadullayeva J.S., 2014; Aliyeva A. M., 2019). However, yet information was provided on endemic species and their status in the flora of Na-khchivan AR.
Results and discussion
For the first time, information provided on endemic plant species included in the flora of Azerbaijan, growing only in the territory of Nakhchivan AR. The taxonomic composition of endemic plants in the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is as follows: Liliopsida (Monocotyledones) Familia: Poaceae Barnhart Genus: Elytrigia Desv. Elytrigia Heidemaniae Tzvel. Genus: Bromus L. Bromus Tzvelevii S.G.Mussajev Genus: Koeleria Pers. Koeleria bitczenachica (Tzvel.) Tzvel. Genus: Stipa L.
Stipa Issaevii S.G.Musajev et Sadychov
Stipa Karjaginii S.G.Musajev et Sadychov
Magnoliopsida
Familia: Ranunculaceae Juss.
Genus: Delphinium L.
Delphinium Lomakinii Kem.-Nath.
Familia: Chenopodiaceae Vent.
Genus: Salsola L.
Salsola futilis iljin
Familia: Hypericaceae Juss.(Guttiferae auct.)
Genus: Hypericum L.
Hypericum atropatanum Rzazade
Familia: Brassicaceae Burnett
Genus: Thlaspi L.
Thlaspi armenum N.Busch
Genus: Apterigia Galusko
Apterigia rostrata (N.Busch) Galushko
Genus: Peltariopsis N.Busch
Peltariopsis Grossheimii N.Busch
Genus: Cymatocarpus O.E.Schultz
Cymatocarpus Grossheimii N.Busch
Genus: Crambe L.
Crambe Grossheimiii i.Khalilov
Familia: Rosaceae Juss.
Subfamilia: Maloideae
Genus: Crataegus L.
Crataegus Cinovskisii Kassymova
Familia: Fabaceae Lindl.
Subfamilia: Papilionoideae or Faboideae Genus: Astragalus L. Astragalus badamliensis Chalilov Astragalus conspicuus Boriss.(A.aduncus Willd.) Astragalus karakuschensis Gontsch Genus: Lathyrus L.(Orobus L.) Lathyrus atropatanus (Grossh.) Sirj. (Orobus atropatnus Grossh.)
Genus: Trifolium L. s.str. Trifolium Biebersteinii Chalilov Familia: Rubiaceae Juss. Genus: Galium L. Galium achurense Grossh. Galium atropatanum Grossh. Galium bullatum Lipsky Familia: Scrophulariaceae Juss. Genus: Verbascum L.(Celsia L.) Verbascum erivanicum E. Wulf. Genus: Scrophularia L. Scrophularia nachitscvanica Grossh. Familia: Lamiaceae Lindl. Subfamilia: Scutellarioideae Genus: Scutellaria L. Scutellaria darriensis Grossh. Scutellaria Karjaginii Grossh. Scutellaria rhomboidalis Grossh. Subfamilia: Lamioideae Genus: Marribium L. Marribium nanum Knorr. Genus: Nepeta L. Nepeta noraschenica Grossh. Genus: Stachys L. Stachys Fominii Sosn. Genus: Salvia L. (Schraderia Medik.) Salvia suffruticosa Montbr. et. Auch. ex Benth. (S.Alexandri Pobed.)
Familia: Asteraceae Dumort - Astergigaklilar or Compositae Giseke
Genus: Carduus L.
Carduus atropatanucus Sosn. ex Grossh. (C.onopordioides Fisch. et Bieb.) Genus: Centaurea L. Centaurea araxina Gabr. Genus: Crepis L. Crepis karakuschensis Gzer. 5 species to 4 genera belonging to the class of monocotyledons (all of them belong to the family Po-aceae Barnhart), 10 genera belonging to the class of Dicotyledons, 29 endemic species belonging to 23 genera spread in only Nakhchivan's flora, Azerbaijan. Among the endemic plants, Lamiaceae Lindl, a family of Dicotyledons, is dominated by 5 generas and 7 species.
Among the endemic plants spread only in Na-khchivan's flora, there are species included in the "Red Book" of Azerbaijan and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Information on these species has given in the following table:
Table
Rare and endangered endemic species included in the "Red Book" of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Republic of Azerbaijan
№ Latin names of plants Its status ("Red Book" of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) Its status ("Red Book" of Azerbaijan Republic)
Liliopsida (Monocotyledones)
1. Stipa Issaevii S.G.Musajev et Sadychov CR B1ac(i)
2. Stipa Karjaginii S.G.Musajev et Sadychov VU Acd; B 1b(ii,iii)c (ii,iii)
Magnoliopsida
1. Astragalus badamliensis Chalilov CR B1ac(ii,iv); C2a(i)
2. Astragalus badamliensis Chalilov CR A2c+3c; B1ac(i)+2ab(i,ii,iii)
3. Hypericum atropatanum Rzazade VU D2
4. Salsola futilis lljin VU D2
5. Marribium nanum Knorr. NT
The analysis of the table shows that the Red Book of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic includes both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species of endemic plants, and the Red Book of the Republic of Azerbaijan includes only species belonging to the dicotyledonous class.
Discussion
Only in the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan there are 5 endemic species belonging to 4 generas of the Poaceae Barnhart family of the monocotyledonous class, 10 generas belonging to the dicotyledonous class, 29 endemic species belonging to 23 generas of 4 subfamilies. Among the endemic plants, Lamiaceae Lindl family, belonging to the class of dicotyledons, is dominated by 5 generas and 7 species. Among the endemic plants, the "Red Book" of the Nakhchivan AR includes representatives of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, and the "Red Book" of the Republic of Azerbaijan includes only species belonging to the class of dicotyledons.
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