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8STUDY OF MUSIC TERMS IN COMPILING A DICTIONARY
Aripova Gulnoza Tulkunovna
Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture Teacher of the Department of World Languages and Literature E-mail: aripova- gulnoza@mail .ru
ABSTRACT
This article disrnbes the work of compiling a dictionary. Before compiling a dictionary, it is necessary to study the history of the development of lexicography from the past to the present and the work of our scholars who have made a significant contribution to lexicography. Eastern thinkers made a great contribution to the development of lexicography. Of course, the names of such great men will be honored forever
Keywords: national musical instruments, dictionary, lexicography, oriental scholars, works, dutar.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Мазкур маколада лугат тузиш иши хдкида суз юритилади. Лугат тузишдан аввал лексикографиянинг утмишдан то хрзиргача ривожланиб келиш тарихини ва лугатшуносликка катта хисса кушган алломаларимизнинг ишларини урганиб чикиш даркор. Шарк мутафаккирлари лексикографиянинг ривожланишига катта хисса кушган. Албатта, бундай буюкларнинг номи абадий хурматда булади.
Калит сузлар: миллий мусика чолгулар, лугат, лексикография, шарк алломалари, асар, дутор.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной статье рассматривается работа по составлению словаря. Перед составлением словаря необходимо изучить историю развития лексикографии от прошлого до настоящего и работы наших ученых, внесших значительный вклад в лексикографию. Восточные мыслители внесли большой вклад в развитие лексикографии. Конечно, имена таких великих людей будут чтиться вечно.
Ключевые слова: национальные музыкальные инструменты, словарь, лексикография, мыслители востока, произведение, дутор, чанг.
Musical instruments are the material and spiritual wealth of nations. Each nation has its own national heritage, traditions that have emerged over the years through national melodies, and appropriate musical instruments created by the national spirituality of the people. It should be noted that the world of Uzbek musical instruments is spiritually and materially rich and diverse. In addition, if spirituality of a nation is higher, its history and corresponding heritage is greater.
Indeed, our ancestors and our people, have left us a rich cultural heritage for centuries. Over the centuries, in different oases of the republic, depending on the lifestyle, living conditions, climate, colorful folk songs have been created, musical instruments have appeared. Studying and applying them to life, passing them on to the next generation is one of the urgent tasks for us.
The vocabulary of any language which compiled by people whether historical or modern reflected in the colorful dictionaries. Today, the level of development and perfection of a particular linguistics is measured by the type, quantity and quality of dictionaries created in the same language. As the vocabulary of a language is constantly evolving, new words enter it, and some words become obsolete. The study and analysis of the scientific aspects of such a situation requires great perseverance from linguists. The lexicography department of linguistics is the science that studies these words.
Lexicography [Greek] dictionary theory and dictionary work; lexicography [Узбек тилининг изохли лугати 1981:430].
We know how difficult is to compile a dictionary. Therefore, before compiling a dictionary, it is compulsory to study the history of the development of lexicography from the past to the present and the work of our scholars who have made a significant contribution to lexicography. Eastern thinkers made a great contribution to the development of lexicography. Certainly, the names of such great people will be honored forever.
As an example I would like to mention the name of our ancestor Alisher Navoi. Alisher Navoi wrote his work on linguistics "Muhokamat ul-lug'atayn" in 905 AH and 1499 AD. The significance of this book, created by the great artist at the end of his life, is incomparable. The purpose of A. Navoi's writing "Muhokamatu-l-lug'atayn" is his great service in the history of Uzbek linguistics, the principles of Navoi's interpretation, the issues of comparative-typological study of languages belonging to different families. [Qosimjon Sodiqov2017:4]
A. Navoi's views on the origin of world languages are well covered in Muhokamatu-l-lug'atayn. Related to his thought, Allah has put a person on a higher position by his speech than all beings.
A. Navoi considers Turkish, Persian and Hindi as the oldest languages. They were distributed among the descendants of Noah's three sons, Japheth, Shem, and Ham [Qosimjon Sodiqov 2017:8-9].
Indeed, when we get acquainted with the work of A. Navoi "Muhokamat ul-lug'atayn", we can see that with this work the great artist opened the field of typological study of languages in world linguistics and their comparative study. According to scientists, if this work is still being studied and researched, it will be possible to work on many unexplored scientific innovations.
Another oriental scholar was our ancestor Mahmud Qashgari, who began writing the golden book of the Turkic peoples " Devonu lug'otit turk" almost 1,000 years ago and completed it after two years of hard work. This dictionary not only describes the words and their meanings, but also contains extensive information such as the history, customs and geographical location of the Turkic peoples. However, it is one of the first bilingual (Turkish-Arabic) dictionaries.
Related to reports, Mahmud Kashgari proved that the importance of the Turkic language is no less than the Arabic language. "Devoni lug'atit turk" is still a unique source in the study of the history of the Turkic peoples. The name of the great scientist, Turkish lexicographer, grammatician and dialectologist Mahmud Kashgari is valuable for all people interested in the history of the Turkic peoples.
Mahmud Zamahshari is also one of our scholars who made a great contribution to the development of lexicography. He studied the practical and theoretical aspects of lexicography with his work "Asos ul baloga" and a dictionary of four languages (Arabic, Persian, Uzbek, Mongolian) entitled "Muqaddimat ul-adab".
Uzbek national musical instruments have been developed since ancient times, so before compiling a dictionary of national musical instruments, we need to study the history of these musical instruments. As a result of research, we have witnessed that national musical instruments are also reflected in the works of oriental scholars.
We know that Uzbek national instruments have developed over the centuries. Famous poets in the past have also repeatedly mentioned musical instruments in their works. Among our scholars, Al-Farabi (IX century) in his book
"Katta musiqa kitobi", Safmddin Urmavi (XII century) in his musical treatise, Abdulkadir Maroghi (XIV century) in his treatise "Jami al-alhon fi-ilm al musiqiy", Zaynullobbiddin Husseini (15th century) in the pamphlet "Risola dar bayoni qonuni va amaliy musiqiy", Darvesh Ali Changiy (XVII century) in his treatise "Musiqiy risola" gave information about musical instruments.
As we study the Eastern thinkers, we can see that their contribution to the art of national music as well as lexicography is incomparable.
However, Gulchekhra Ergasheva writes in her monograph that the history of musical words in the original documents and sources is covered only in short lines, on plates. Since there were no means of recording music at that time, there is no clear idea of the resonant characteristics of musical instruments of the past. Although the scientific treatises of music of medieval Eastern scholars on music, the works of art created by poets mention the names of musical instruments and the environment they create, there is very little information about the process of their creation and artistic possibilities [Gulchekhra Ergasheva 2012].
Thanks to the miniatures and poetry of the East in the XIV-XVII centuries, it is possible to get general information about all musical instruments that existed in the territory of Uzbekistan at that time.
During the IX-XI centuries the great scientists of Central Asia - Farobi, Ibn Sino, Al-Kharezmi developed a perfect music theory of their time. In those days, the science of music was accepted as an integral part of the science of mathematics. The works of great scholars provide valuable information about musical instruments.
Related to Fitrat's words, our literature is connected with East Islamic literature, as our music is connected with East Islamic music. Among our old tunes exist "rok" and "qator-sorang " tunes. "Rock" means "maqom" in Hindi. "Sorang" is one of the Indian instruments. This shows that our music is influenced by many ancient (not only Arabic-Iranian) and even Indian music [Fitrat, 1993: 5].
According to Hafiz Darvesh's words in Fitrat's book named "Uzbek classical music and its history", the following instruments were widely used in the Uzbek music world in his time: ud, qonun, tanbur, chang, nay, rubob, qubuz, gijjak, ishrat, kungura, setor, ruhafzo , surnay, balabon, nog'ora and doyra. This number is definitely a big proof for the richness of the music.
In Uzbek musicology, a number of scientific and practical studies have been conducted over the past hundred years on the study of national instruments. Likewiese, a number of scientific articles and literatures based on the history and performance of an instrument have been published. The study of the history of national musical instruments will serve to further enrich our dictionary.
The results of the research led us to the conclusion that it is important to have a complete and detailed knowledge of the Uzbek national musical instruments, study carefully the given definitions by various scholars.Moreover, when compiling dictionaries in a certain field, firstly we have to study lexicography, the research of oriental thinkers and their researches. The most interesting thing is that our scholars have mastered not one, but several areas perfectly. That is why the works of our great scholars are still being studied. Also, in creating a bilingual dictionary of musical
Cholg'u ijrochiligida musiqiy ta'lim uzviyligini ta'minlash Providing the integrity of music education in instrumental performance
terms in Uzbek and English, it is necessary to collect detailed information about each
musical instrument, its history and work with experts in this instrument.
REFERENCES
1. Fitrat O'zbek klassik musiqasi va uning tarixi. Toshkent. 1993.P.5
2. Rasulov J.K. O'zbek dutor ijrochiligi. T.: - 1997. P. 6
3. Семёнов А.А. Среднеазиатский трактат по музыке дарвеша Али. Из-во АН Уз.Т.:1946г. - C. 89
4. O'zbek tilining izohli lug'ati. М.: 1981.P. 241.
5. Qosimjon Sodiqov tahlili, tabdili va talqini ostida. Alisher Navoiyning Muhokamatu-l-lug'atayn asari. - T.: 2017.
6. Azatgul Tashmatova. Musuqiy cholg'ular muzeyi katalogi. Toshkent. 2006.
7. Botir Matyakubov. Xorazm musiqiy tarixchasi.-T.: 2014
8. Gulchehra Ergasheva. Chang cholg'usida ijrochilik san'ati/monografik ocherklar/Toshkent: Musiqa, 2012.
