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Section 3. Journalism
Alimova Gulnoza Bakhshiloevna, teacher, of the Uzbek State University of World Languages, Faculty of International Journalism E-mail: alimova.g@list.ru
SPECIAL FEATURES OF JOURNALISM IN SOCIAL SITES. PERFORMING LANGUAGE AND STYLE OF TEXT DELIVERY
Abstract: The article is dedicated to the phenomenon of journalism in social networks. The author in his research studies the role of journalism in social networks and citizen journalism in the modern information society, the relationship with traditional journalism. And in the article special importance is attached to the language of journalistic work in so-called network journalism and the style of submitting materials.
Keywords: social networks, civic journalism, convergence, media transformation, media language.
In order to completely investigate questions of journalism in social sites, it is necessary to analyze and understand such concepts as "journalism in social sites", "civil journalism" and to some others which lay close to them, like "people press", "national journalism", "social journalism" and so on. Besides, it is vital to understand which language do the actually "speak".
"In our ordinary life we use two types of languages - complicated written and simple oral. Internet had created a third type - mixed. It united accuracy of the first type and combined it with brevity of the second one [1]. Moreover, this third type of a language is now enriching its lexicology. Internet slang has already became a dialect. While availability of the new technologies increases influence of the internet to the Russian language more and more."
It would be correct to clarify the initial position from the very beginning. It concludes in the following. As we suppose, in an absolute literally way there are no such separate, independent concepts as "civil journalism" or "blogging journalism" and it is also wrong to group their styles into special categories. There is an activity, close to journalism, which is performed in the social sites by civilians of different countries, bloggers. Meanwhile, some
parameters of massive social work in social sites are equal to the job of professional journalists, while some are not.
We shall try to find out, what common sides network journalism has with professional journalism and what are differences between them.
It is quite essential for theoreticians and practitioners to approve their positions on question, is journalism in social sites actually journalism, and in which degree it can be accepted as journalism in the internet. But it is impossible to ignore point of view of a great amount of people who call themselves as civil journalists and bloggers and also work in the sphere of mass media. In the process of their work network journalists can be inaccurate, optional in different qualities of them, but the fact that they are successfully working in the global net, and deliver demanded information to the public cannot be doubted.
Generally, auditory never question does network journalism's works require to demands of classic or qualified journalism. Auditory is more interested in information itself: message on the events, instant delivery of information, absence of censorship (even editorial), unmoothed character of the news and et cetera. All these working process forms are done only for the sake of
providing the consumers with original and operative information. In accomplishing this target, representatives of the "civil" or "blogging" journalism are considered as leaders in comparison with professional j ournalists in the way of delivery of the information. On the other hand, their activity cannot be defined as equal, as both of these types ofjournalists work in different poles ifprofessional, ethnic and juridical activeness.
What are common and different sides of social networks and social journalism? A. I. Danilenko writes: "Social journalism and social sites have common concept - "social". Concept "social" is identified with position of different social subjects in society, their lifestyle, activities on keeping or developing their social status, regulating their relationships with other subjects, social institutes, with society in common... In this way, social networking and social j ournalism - inseparably connected with each other. If first identifies social subject in the society, social journalism affects interests and problems ofthe subject itself and assists in solving them." [2] Main idea of social journalism is simple - straight and direct protection of civil society's interests, which necessity is discussed by a lot of people, while only few truly act in order to accomplish this protection. This position of civil journalists is expressed by their immediate analysis and ability of arising actual problems in public. Plausible, it less affects on accepting important powerful decisions. But it is clear that social journalism represents interests of wider public and secondly, with development of democracy, positions of social journalism will be more and more strengthened.
As main aspect one should consider language and material delivery style in each of discussed above types of modern journalism. After all, because of convergence of the journalism, language of modern mass media has also transformed. Although, not only language has changed, but all newest journalism in common. "Transformation of journalism can be noticed even in design of newspapers and television programs, where designer methods are taken from interactive publications" [1, 3]. "Theoreticians of mass media, understanding character of innovations in world and press, more often change the accent of realizing the role of press as a social institute, which functioning is defined by socio-political situation, researches of mediadiscourse [4, 3, 17]. Nowadays mass media not only became various and different, giving the
auditory the right to choose, but abundance of information and will to be more likely chosen by auditory made language of material delivery much more simple. "The new era brought sharp depletion of the journalistic language,- writes famous Russian television journalist, P. Lobkov - Especially synonymic diversity had been damaged. Language of the mass media now gets closer to the language of officialdom. In this situation hard and detailed work with language - is a battle against tendency of stupefying the nation" [5, 4]. Do we wish it or not, the age of information demands from journalistic material complete matching with expectations of readers auditory. And mainly the bet are made for efficiency, actuality and topicality of the material. Good quality of a text, is naturally welcomed, but anyway it has to be with characteristics listed above, but not instead of them. And journalism in social sites cannot be an exception for this rule.
Social sites perform different functions. A. A. Moro-zova writes about it: "Social media today represent not only instrument of massive communication, but also serve to users in order to complete various tasks. One of the types of social media are social sites. They are such a place, where one can completely fulfill all his necessities, including necessity in getting new information [5, 6]. At the same time, there is no doubt that informational function stays the major one in social media. And this takes us to different consequences, like majority of simple civilians in social sites in comparison with professional journalists.
One of forms of behavior in social sites for people is civil journalism. Is there actually such concept as "civil journalism" or not - is discussed a lot. Some specialists state, that it can't be separated civil journalism, because all journalism is actually civil, and calling journalism as civil means nonsense (B. Nazarov). The others suppose, that all journalism in social sites, besides e-versions of official and commercial editions, is social. There are authors who say that "civil journalism works on the basis of a principle "human to human - media" [6, 7].
In our definitions, we shall follow wide-spread opinion on civil journalism: "Civil journalism (it also can be called social, united or democratic) - is a type ofjournal-ism which got global development with the evolving of the internet and new digital technologies. Usually civil journalists cover events which left unseen for traditional mass media sources. Often, reports of civil journalists
attract same amount of auditory as usually attend to traditional huge mass media sources [7, 8]. We should also add, that the structure of civil journalism consists from different forums, chats and other possible platforms for mutual civil informational exchange work.
Surely, civil journalism and journalism in social sites have their own disadvantages, which can't be unnoticed. Firstly, the level of literary language usage is not high enough, punctuation and stylistic rules are not properly followed. Y. M. Lotman once said: "Transforming an event into text means retelling it in a system of a language which means, making it to obey certain structure organization [9, 8, 99]. How resonance should be, from retelling in such delivery?
Secondly, and it is one of the main disadvantages, there are a lot of obscene language, impolite treatment, tactless deterrence of opponents, unfounded accusations, rude language and so on.
But this definition is more related to civil journalists, although in social sites sphere of Uzbekistan not infrequently one can meet professionals. For instance such famous uzbek bloggers as Nargiz Kasimova (nargis.uz), Muslim Mirzajonov (mnm.uz), Sanjar Said (sanjarsaid. uz) are qualified specialists in the sphere of journalism. Some of them even have PhDs.
What kind of relations between civil and professional journalism in the social sites exist these days? We suppose, that they can easily coexist together next to each other. Such rivalry will be useful as for the first ones, as for the seconds by making them to develop their work quality, in order to attract as more auditory as possible.
We do not share the point of view, which states that professional journalism in web is primary, while civil is
secondary. Advantages listed above and others also display, that workplace in the net and number of auditory is enough for both of types of journalism. Civil journalism cannot completely substitute professional j ournalism, although there are lot of such talks. Similarly there is no reason in refusing to acknowledge civil journalism just because of often mistakes made by its representatives, because of unpreparedness to "talk correctly". The fact that civil journalists supply auditory with photos and amateur footages of rare events, which are documentary enough materials, gives us a right to say that they are necessary for the society.
So, both types of massive informational activeness have its own right of existence. The most interesting fact is that both civil and professional journalists not only never consider each other as rivals, but even cannot dispense without each other, and their work is mutually fulfilled with these types of journalism.
Language of the journalism in the social sites will always differ from the language of professional journalism, as anyway in social sites journalism there are mainly representatives of civil journalistic world. Fortunately at least "oblonsky" ("write as you hear" language based on wrong orthography) [9, 10] language while delivering journalistic material not so widely used as in simple network communication. It would really negatively affect on quality of the text. Questions of delivery and style is better to be left for authors themselves. Individuality and original delivery is also welcomed, but major thing is that, we should understand, that suppression of "informational hunger" should be done with low quality "products". Because journalism, despite all its metamorphoses, still has to be socially useful.
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