CC BY
20УДК 37.062.1
Sociocultural Rehabilitation of the Persons with Disabilities: Practical Aspect (by the Example of Trade and Economics Institute of FSAEI HPE SFU)
Mikhail D. Kudryavtsev*, Lydia A. Konoshenko, Valentina G. Goncharova and Tamara N. Myadelets
Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk State Institute of Commerce and Economics 2 Lidii Prushinskoy Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660075 Russia
Received 12.03.2012, received in revised form 16.04.2012, accepted 28.05.2012
People with disabilities need appropriate educational structure. Therefore, obtaining an inclusive vocational disability is a factor in its successful social adaptation. Moreover, the creation ofconditions for the most disabled education, must meet their specific needs. As a result of a special approach to the system of rehabilitation ofpersons with disabilities in the Commercial and Economic Institute of the Siberian Federal University managed to achieve high efficiency in the provision of social inclusion of people with disabilities. For example from the University study option and health of young people with disabilities Health is solely to differential treatment and psycho - educational support for people with disabilities in all areas of work.
Keywords. Education students, rehabilitation and socialization of students, inclusive education, students with disabilities.
For a disabled person education and employment are not only means of material welfare and independence, but also an opportunity for self-esteem and integration into the society. One of the conditions of such integration for a disabled person is getting secondary and higher education as well as competitive and prestigious profession. Creating conditions for getting secondary and higher education for disabled persons is enshrined in the federal laws concerning “Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” (1995) and “Higher and Postgraduate Vocational
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* Corresponding author E-mail address: kumid@yandex.ru
Education” (1996), as well as in the regulatory documents of the President and the government of the Russian Federation. Generally accessible and free education for disabled persons in the Russian Federation is adjudicated by the National Educational Doctrine, approved by the Enactment of the Government of the Russian Federation in 2001.
According to these laws and enactments the state must guarantee disabled persons general education, primary and secondary vocational education and higher education.
At the same time, according to the sociological studies, disabled persons do not have access to the information concerning indications and precautions of admission into an educational institution, 98 % of the disabled persons know little about the profession they have chosen, demand for it and working conditions.
Creating conditions for making education maximally accessible for disabled persons, which corresponds with their specific needs is becoming national problem. For this reason, different educational institutions have the system of continuing vocational education, which includes advanced training for blue-collar jobs and after that - advances training on primary and advanced levels of the secondary vocational education.
Among different higher educational institutions, that provide education to disabled persons primarily with hearing difficulties, vision disorders and musculo-skeletal disorders we can name the following: State Specialized Institute of Arts, Institute of Social Rehabilitation of Novosibirsk State Technical University, Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman, Chelyabinsk State University, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia in Saint-Petersburg, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk State Trade and Economics Institute and Moscow State Social University. More than 100 disabled persons study in these higher educational institutions.
According to the sociological surveys, which were conducted by the researches of Russian State Social University, 29 % of the respondents are not satisfied with the level of their education, more than a half of the young disabled persons are confident that their constitutional right to education is infringed. At that, those who study or want to study (about 42 % of disabled persons) denote the following reasons which prevent them from getting education: lack of money (67.7 %), underdeveloped infrastructure of vocational
educational institutions for disabled persons -51.8 % and physical disability - 45.5 %
As on 01.03.2012, 190.5 thousand disabled persons live in Krasnoyarsk krai, and 9.2 % of them are disabled children. Children’s disability is presented by the wide range of kinds and severity of the state of disease. Children with disabilities who are recommended to study according to the individual rehabilitation programme are capable of studying in higher educational institutions. For this reason there should be individual approaches to the rehabilitation system that should also be applied in the process of getting education. Education is one of the main factors of rehabilitation and further social inclusion of the disabled persons.
Krasnoyarsk State Trade and Economics Institute implements the project “Continuous split-levels mainstream education of disabled persons” (“Profession and Health”). Aim of the project: to provide continuous split-levels mainstream education for young people with musculo-skeletal disorders by creating multistage system of vocational education: kindergarten -school - technical school - higher educational institution - postgraduate activity, which is targeted at adaptability and correction. The model with medical, pedagogical and psychological support of the students with musculo-skeletal disorders is executed in KSTEI since 1995.
130 students with disabilities, 30 of who have permanent disability (инвалидность) study in KSTEI today. Differentiated approach is used for different kinds of activities, connected with this category of students.
Numerous aspects of integration of the disabled students are successfully executed not only by the efforts of the disabled students, but sympathy and assistance of their course mates, lecturers and staff of the Siberian Federal District Territorial Training Centre of Higher and Vocational Education for Disabled People
(TTCHVE) which perform relevant functions. The primary purpose of the centre is creating conditions which enlarge opportunities for the students with disabilities to get higher education in economics.
The staff of the centre is not numerous: the director, the deputy director, the leading expert in social work, the expert in teaching and guiding, the software engineer, the senior technician, the massage therapist and the exercise physiologist; part-time workers: the chief research worker, the orthopedist, educational psychologist. Material and technical resources of the centre consist of the three specialized classrooms and medical offices: the physiotherapist’s office and the massage parlour, two offices of administration and staff of the centre, two information and communication offices, equipped with the modern technical equipment, the psychological release room, the sensory room, the methodic department and equipped lavatory.
The Institute was given the status of the primary educational institution of higher vocational education, which provides conditions for education of disabled students (Decree of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 30 December 2010).
In the process of studying the disabled students are under supervision of the highly-qualified orthopedists and get the complex of rehabilitation procedures (massage, adaptive physical training in the special groups, visiting swimming pool, classes with educational psychologist in psychological release room and relaxation classes in sensory room).
Social and psychological support of the disabled students is presented in the group of actions connected with their education, development and social security. The choice of actions is determined by the preliminary obtained data that need analysis as well as social and psychological interpretation.
Questionnaire survey and testing the students who study according to the programme “Profession and Health” are carried out within the frames of this work. Due to this system, collection, keeping and provision of information about the level of the students’ development as personalities and about the quality of the educational process in general is carried out. Social and psychological survey is especially organized systematic monitoring of intellectual, personal and social development of the students, which takes into consideration educational environment of the educational institution and gives opportunity to the staff of the centre and the teaching stuff to analyze the impact of the traditional and innovative educational psychological as well as pedagogical technologies on the quality of education and personal changes of the students, make decisions and give social assistance. On the basis of the information, obtained from the questionnaires we get data about the type of disability, the list of measures and technical equipment, recommended by FSI “The Main Bureau of Medical and Social Examination Service” and indicated in the individual rehabilitation programme (IRP) of a disabled person, the level of material security of a family, needs and wishes of a student.
The total amount of data we have nowadays let us identify different reasons of the difficulties: in studying, in communication with group mates, parents and friends. The basis of the correction of the psychological state of the students of this category is individual and group classes with the psychologist:tests,consultationsandpsychological trainings. The practicing psychologists have the complex of various techniques and methods that allow them to identify all the necessary criteria of mental condition and further development of the students, which might be taken into consideration in the process of studying. By such systematic visits to the psychologist it is possible to improve general medical condition of a student.
Social and psychological support is not only a sum of varied techniques and methods of correctional work with the students, but integrated technology, a special culture of support and assistance to a student to solve the problems of development, study, upbringing and socialization. The centre is financed at the expenses of the extra budgetary funds of the institute.
We try to attract monetary resources from grants and sponsors. Our constant sponsor is JSCo “Krasnoyarsknefteproduct”, general director Sergey Ivanovich Skibuk. 500 thousand rubles were obtained with the assistance of the Ministry of Social Policy of the Krasnoyarsk Krai represented by the minister Galina Egorovna Pashinova, to buy the sensory room. The equipment of the sensory room helps the students who study according to the programme “Profession and Health” to improve their physical and emotional state. Mild, balanced influence on the sense organs, vestibular system and central nervous system helps to relax and distress, give the feeling of peace and rest. Special colour range, enchanting light and liquid music help to give the feeling of harmony and comfort.
Our constant sponsor - CJSC “Vankotneft” (general director Igor Stanislavovich Protsenko). Spending money from our sponsor - 553 000 rubles the massage equipment, the specialized furniture for classrooms and the split system have been bought.
Besides, nowadays the monetary funds are spent to buy physiotherapeutical and training equipment (the total sum 832 000 rubles).
At the expenses of the grant funding conferences and national seminars with international participation are conducted. In November 2011 with financial support from the Krai State Independent Organisation “Krasnoyarsk Krai Scientific and Technological Activities Supporting Fund” (managing
director - Andrei Anatolievich Iptishev), the national training seminar “Regulatory Support of Vocational Education of Disabled Persons” took place. Summarizing the results of the conference the collection of scientific papers “Problems and Prospects of the Integrated and Inclusive Education of Disabled Persons” (329 p.) was issued. Representatives of the social protection organs not only take part in our events, but publish their scientific researches in the collections of scientific papers, issued by the centre. Valentina Gerasimovna Sukhih - the author of the scientific research “On Creation of the Supporting System of the Families with Disabled Children” is deputy head of the department of the Ministry of Social Policy.
With the support from the Ministry of the Social Policy of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and according to the decree of the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Krai №572-n dated 20.11.2010 “On Approval of the Long-Term Purpose-Oriented Programme “Accessible Environment for Disabled Persons” for 2011-2013”, the students of FSBEI HVE “KSTEI” were presented laptops.
Preparation of the documents, necessary for obtaining the laptops is performed with the support of the main specialist of the Ministry of Social Policy of the Krasnoyarsk Krai Nina Nikolaevna Polozkova. With her support TY video with our students, who were given the laptops - A.A. Bukin and E.E. Sidaruk is being made.
Thus, for the recent years we got the following partners: Ministry of Social Policy of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, Social Protection Administration of the Administration of Krasnoyarsk City, territorial social protection authorities of Krasnoyarsk and the Krai. The agreement “On Social Cooperation” was signed with KSBI SS “Complex Social Service Centre” (director - Larisa Nikolaevna Gadjieva). At the present time we are the partners of one of the
non-governmental organization - Krasnoyarsk Regional Non-Governmental Organization of Disabled Persons “Aum”, we take part in realization of the project “Special Fashion” (nonstandard help to the people with non-standard figures), where the participants of the project are the students of our university, including disabled students (Ekateriva Viktorovna Picheva, Kristiva Valerievna Kovaleva, Yevgeny Yevgenievich Sidaruk).
Our work with the social protection administration of administration of the Central District of Krasnoyarsk city, in particular, with the Centre of Social Aid to Family and Children on professional orientation “Parus” is well-organised. Every month disabled young people visit our psychological release room and sensory room. Our frequent visitors are senior students of the special high schools (with hearing difficulties and visual disorders).
The social protection administration of administration of the Sverdlovsky District of Krasnoyarsk city gave financial assistance to the student Yevgeny Yevgenievich Sidaruk (to buy clothes and footwear).
Our centre cooperates with the state institution of Krasnoyarsk Regional Department of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation to provide the students with hearing difficulties with the technical equipment.
Andrey Andreevich Bukin got a TV set with teletext to watch programmes with closed subtitles and postaural hearing aid (digital, multichannel).
We are trying to provide the student Ivan Igorevich Zemskov, who has hearing difficulties with the technical rehabilitation equipment.
The type of study and rehabilitation of the disabled students, which was developed in KSTEI survived the test of time. Scientific and educational project “Profession and Health” is implemented for 16 years.
In the decade of the disabled persons we have a traditional event - “Memorandum of Health”. During this event different types of work, propagandizing healthy lifestyle are demonstrated. During the week our constant guests are representatives of the social welfare bodies of Leninsky, Kirovsky and Sovetsky districts of Krasnoyarsk. Following the results of the Interdepartmental Round-Table Conference “Formation of Healthy Lifestyle of Sight-Disabled Persons: Problems and Prospects”, information, based on the professional experience is collected and prepared for publication in the collection of scientific papers of KSBEI Centre of Sociocultural Rehabilitation of Sight-Disabled Persons. The research article was published in the collection of scientific papers “Higher Education for Sight-Disabled Persons: Problems and Prospects”.
Taking active part in the events of the Exhibition and Business Centre “Sibir” named after Karen Muradian, we are the partners of the authorities. Participation of the specialists from the centre in the Vth city assembly “Krasnoyarsk. Future Technologies”, was awarded the certificates. In April 2012 the Siberian Federal District Territorial Training Centre of Higher and Vocational Education for Disabled People (DTTC) submitted the materials devoted to realization of the scientific and educational project “Profession and Health”. Taking part in different events we attract attention of Mass Media and enlarge the number of our partnerships. The Regional nongovernmental organizations (the chairman of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Organisation of Disabled Persons All Russia Association of the Blind Vladimir Vasilievich Sipkin) and educational institutions of the secondary and primary vocational education demonstrate special interest in our project. We hope to continue our cooperation with these organisations concerning inclusive education of disabled persons (musculoskeletal system, hard of hearing, partially sighted). We
closely cooperate with KSBEI “Vocational school № 41” (headmaster - Dmitry Dmitrievich Failer) and Krasnoyarsk Special Boarding School for children with disabilities of type I-II (headmistress - Ludmila Vladimirovna Mayorova).
For 15 years of implementation of the project 90 % of the graduates work within their specialties in different institutions, enterprises and organizations of the city and the krai.
Our work, devoted to training of the specialists with disabilities was awarded the federal and regional certificates.
Problems: limited material and technical resources (elevator, stairlifts, hand rails, special furniture for classrooms, etc.), preferential entrance for the students with musculoskeletal system disorders, limited choice of specialties, lack of the specially stained stuff and fluctuation of personnel because of low salaries.
Prospects: The problems of the future education of the hard-of-hearing and partially-sighted students and introduction of the distance learning are considered.
Organization of the events for the teachers and specialists, regarding generalization, extension and implementation of the experience of the institutions who teach disabled students.
Organization of the advanced training system for the managers and the stuff of the nongovernmental organisations of disabled persons.
Specialists of the TEI with the support of the rectorate of the institute and our partners do their best to create comfortable conditions for study of the disabled students in the higher educational institution.
The main problems of a disabled person are: lack of communication with the outer world, with their peers and move restrictions. Therefore, the state and society must create special conditions for life and special educational system for the disabled persons, that they could satisfy their needs and not to feel distorted. Only under this condition increasing the level of vocational education of a disabled person will become the factor of successful employment, social inclusion, financial independence and psychological comfort.
Социокультурная реабилитация лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья: практический аспект (на примере Торгово-экономического института ФГАОУ ВПО СФУ)
М.Д. Кудрявцев, Л.А. Коношенко, В.Г. Гончарова, Т.Н. Мяделец
Сибирский федеральный университет Красноярский государственный торгово-экономический институт Россия 660075, Красноярск, ул. Л. Прушинской, 2
Люди с ограниченными возможностями здоровья нуждаются в соответствующей структуре образования. Следовательно, получение инклюзивного профессионального образования инвалидом является фактором его успешной социальной адаптации. Более того, создание условий для получения максимально доступного инвалидам образования должно отвечать их специфическим потребностям. В результате особого подхода к системе реабилитации лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в Торгово-экономическом институте Сибирского федерального университета удалось добиться высокой эффективности в предоставлении социальной инклюзии инвалидам. Например, созданный в университете вариант обучения и оздоровления молодежи с ограниченными физическими возможностями здоровья заключается исключительно в дифференцированном подходе и психолого-педагогическом сопровождении инвалидов по всем направлениям работы.
Ключевые слова: обучение студентов, реабилитация и социализация студентов, инклюзивное образование, студенты с ограниченными возможностями здоровья.
