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46Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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SHO'RLANGAN TUPROQLAR SHAROITIDA KARTOSHKANI INTENSIV
YETISHTIRISH SAMARADORLIGI
Jumayeva S.R.1, Jumayeva Z.R.1, Najmiddinov M.M.2.
1TIQXMMI MTU Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish institute
mustaqil tadqiqotchisi.
2TIQXMMI MTU Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish instituti talabasi.
ANNOTATSIYA
Dunyo aholisi o'sish suratida davom etmoqda, bu o'sish esa tabiiyki, oziq-ovqatga bo 'lgan talabni yanada kuchaytiradi. Dunyo bo 'yicha qaraydigan bo 'lsak, oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari bilan to 'la ta 'minlangan mamlakatlar sanoqlidir. Mahsulot yetishtirish uchun asosiy sarflaydiganimiz, cheklangan suv resurslaridan oqilona foydalanish va uni muhofaza qilish hamda bu boradagi muammolarga ilmiy-texnikaviy jihatdan yondashgan holda hal etish talab etiladi. Biz tadqiqot subyektimiz sifatida kartoshkani tanlaganimiz ham aynan mana shu muammolarni bartaraf etishga qaratilgan say- harakatlar namunasidir.
Kalit so'zlar: oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi, o'tsimon o'simlik, tuganak, yorug'sevar, kartoshka pushtasi, namsevar, klaster, qurg'oqchilik.
The world's population continues in the image of growth, while this growth is naturally driven by further kuchaytiradi demand for food. If we look at the world, then countries that are full of food products are few. The main expenditure for the cultivation of products requires rational use and protection of limited water resources, as well as a solution with a scientific and technical approach to the problems in this area. The fact that we have chosen potatoes as our research paper is also an example of say - efforts aimed at eliminating these problems.
Keywords: food safety, herbaceous plant, extinction, light-loving, potato haze, humus-loving, cluster, drought.
O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2019-yil 23-oktabrdagi "O'zbekiston Respublikasi qishloq xo'jaligini rivojlantirishning 2020 - 2030-yillarga mo'ljallangan strategiyasini tasdiqlash to'g'risida"gi PF-5853-son farmoniga binoan:
1. O'zbekiston Respublikasi qishloq xo'jaligini rivojlantirishning 2020 - 2030-yillarga mo'ljallangan strategiyasi doirasida 2021-yilda:
- oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi bo'yicha davlat siyosatini ishlab chiqish va joriy etish yo'nalishida bir qator tabirlar ilgari surildi.
ABSTRACT
KIRISH
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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a) shakllangan dehqonchilik ko'nikmalari, tuproq-iqlim sharoiti, suv ta'minotidan kelib chiqib, respublikaning barcha tumanlarining hududlari muayyan turdagi mahsulotlar yetishtirishga bosqichma-bosqich ixtisoslashtiriladi. Bunda:
qishloq xo'jaligi ekinlarini joylashtirishda asosiy e'tibor uning hosildorligi, eksportbopligi, yaxlit maydonlarda yetishtirilishiga qaratiladi;
kooperatsiya va klaster tizimi asosida mahsulot yetishtirish, uni qayta ishlash, saqlash va ichki hamda tashqi bozorlarga sotish tizimi yo'lga qo'yiladi.[1]
Prezidentimiz Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyevning bu borada olib borayotgan tashabbuslari aynan qishloq va suv xo'jaligini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan. Ayniqsa, 2019 yil 09 oktyabrda PQ- 4486-sonli "Suv resurlarini boshqarish tizimini yanada takomillashtirish chora-tadbirlari to^risidagi" qarori buning yaqqol isbotidir. Ushbu qarorga muvofiq 2020-2030 yillarda suv xojligini rivojlantirish konsepsiyasini oz vaqtida va sifatli ishlab chiqish galdagi vazifa etib belgilandi [2]. Sabzavotlar ichida kartoshka eng mazali va kraxmalga boy mahsulot sanaladi.
tuganak mevali ko'p-yillik o'tsimon o'simlik, asosiy oziq-ovqat mahsulotlaridan biri bo'lgan bir-yillik oziq-ovqat, texnika va xashaki ekin. Vatani — Janubiy Amerika. 150 ga yaqin yovvoyi va madaniy turlari aksariyat Janubiy va Markaziy Amerikada o'sadi. Kartoshkani Amerikaning tub joy aholisi bundan taxminan 14 ming-yil ilgari ekib kelgan. Yevropaga 1565-yil keltirilgan. Rossiyada 18-asr boshlarida ekila boshlagan. O'zbekistonga esa 19-asrning 70-yillaridan bu yerga ko'chib kelgan ruslar va tatarlar olib kelishgan. Jahon bo'yicha kartoshka ekilgan umumiy maydoni 17,9 million ga, hosildorlik 16,3 t/ga, yalpi hosil 294,3 million t (1999). O'zbekistonda ekin maydoni 52 ming ga, hosildorlik 12,7 t/ga, yalpi hosil 729,8 ming t (2000). Xitoy (3 millionga), Polsha (1,2 millionga)da ko'p ekiladi.[3] Hozirgi vaqtda yurtimizda kartoshka yetishtirishga alohida e'tibor berilyapti va kelgusida kartoshka importidan butunlay voz kechiladi. Kartoshkachilikda dunyoda yetakchi bo'lgan Vengriya davlati bilan hamkorlikda kartoshkaning yangi navlarini In vitro usulida yetishtirish maqsadida, Toshkent viloyati hududida AKIS Agroxizmatlar markazi faoliyat olib boradi.
Hozirgi kunda O'zbekistonda kartoshkaning 130 navi yetishtiriladi.
Bugungi kunda yurtimizda yetishtirilayotgan kartoshka mahsuloti Belarus Respublikasi, Qozog'iston, Qirg'iziston, Rossiya, Turkmaniston kabi mamlakatlarga eksport qilinmoqda.
MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR
Kartoshka Solanum tuberosum (lotincha)— Solanaceae oilasiga mansub
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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Kartoshka - insoniyatning bug'doydan keyingi ikkinchi nomi. Tomatdoshlar oilasiga mansub tuganak mevali ko'p yillik o'tsimon o'simlik. Kartoshka tuganagida kraxmal (20% ga yaqin), oqsil, qand va boshqa moddalar bor. Ulardan spirt, kraxmal va glyukoza olinadi. Kartoshka namsevar (ayniqsa, gullash va tuganak davrida), yorug'sevar, bir qadar sovuqqa chidamli o'simlik.
Biz ilmiy tadqiqot ishimizda tumani Rabotiqalmoq MFY sida joylashgan "Madaniyat Ismat Muhammad" fermer xo'jaligi yerlarida 0.3 sotix maydonda arizona kartoshka navini 2022 yilning 10 martida ekdik. Tuproq namligi 70-75 % ni tashkil qilib, havo harorati 27-28 Co. Ekin maydonimizga madaniy texnik xizmat ko'rsatdik. Ag'darilgan maydonimizni 7 ta qatorga bo'ldik.
Birinchi qatorga boshidan oxirigacha ip tortdik. Va ipning ostiga bittadan kartoshkani nishlarini yuqoriga qaratib qo'yib chiqdik.Ustiga bir ketmondan tuproq to'shab chiqdik. 2- qatorni ham xuddi shunday qilib faqat nishlarini 2 yonga qaratib, 3-qatordagilarni pastga qaratib, 4-5-6- qator kartoshkani turli xil tashab ustiga somon to'shab ekdik. Buning uchun 15 kg somon kerak bo'ldi. 7- qatordagi kartoshkamizni ekishdan avval kartoshka tagiga 6 kg shluxa to'shadik. Kartoshkamizni ekkanimizdan keyin har 10 kunda kuzatib turdik. Kartoshka, sholg'om, turp, savziga o'xshagan sabzavotlarni yetishtirishda hosilning yaxshi o'sib rivojlanishi uchun tuproqni yumshatib turilishi maqsadga muvofiq, savzi, sholg'om, kartoshkaga o'xshagan sabzavotlar tuproq ostida kattalashadigan mahsulot sanaladi, shuning uchun tuproq yumshoq bo'lishi lozim. Yana bir ajoyib tavsiyaga duch keldim kartoshka jo'yagini to'ldirib sug'orilmasligi maqsadga muvofiq ekan. Sababi jo'yak tubiga sug'orilsa pushta tuprog'ini qotmasligiga olib keladi bu esa kartoshkamizni yaxshi rivojlanib, hosilning kattalashishiga asos bo'ladi.
Ushbu navning afzalliklari sifatida aytadigan bo'lsak, arizona navlarini baholashda bog'bonlar bir nechta afzalliklarni aniqladilar:
• ajoyib taqdimot;
• yaxshi saqlash;
• qurg'oqchilikka chidamli;
• uzoq masofalarga tashish paytida o'z taqdimotini yo'qotmaydi;
• oltin nematod va kartoshka kerevitiga qarshilik.
Arizona kartoshkasining kamchiliklari orasida oddiy qoraqo'tirlarga sezgirlik, barglarning kech kuyishi kiradi.
Arizona kartoshka tupi, preparat bilan ishlov berilib, -5 C gacha bo'lgan sovuqlarga bardosh beradi, butalar kuchliroq va kuchli bo'lib o'sadi va ildizlar tezroq pishadi.[3]
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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XULOSA
Tadqiqotimizning asosiy maqsadi shundaki, biz suv tejamkorligiga erishish orqali kam suv sarflab ko'p va mo'l hosil olish va uni xalq xo'jaligida qo'llash. Biz tajribamizda suvni kartoshka pushtasi ustiga somon to'shash orqali sug'orish suvlarini tejashga erishdik. Ya'ni aytmoqchimanki 5 ta variantimizda olib borgan tadqiqotimizda somon to' shalgan variantimizda namlik yuqori darajada saqlandi. Natijada ushbu variantimiz hosildorlik yuqori bo'ldi.
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