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Даниева Майсара Джамаловна
Д.ф.ф.н., доцент кафедры языков ТЦППКПККО г. Карши, республика Узбекистан
СЕМАНТИКА КОМПОНЕНТОВ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЙ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ И УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются проблемы семантики английских и узбекских словосочетаний, компоненты которых могут иметь разное значение в зависимости от их расположения. Актуальность исследования выражается в глубоком интересе к изучению средств словосочетаний, которые широко используются для представления языкового богатства английского и узбекского языков, поэтому важно, чтобы их изучали не только лингвисты, но и широкий круг учащихся тоже. Основной целью настоящей статьи является сравнительный анализ особенностей словосочетаний в английском и узбекском языках и их проблем, связанных с различиями и сходствами в двух разных языках. Для тщательного изучения выбранной темы в этой статье были использованы многие методы лингвистического исследования, особенно метод прямого наблюдения и сравнительно-типологические методы. Результаты, полученные при исследовании данной проблемы, могут быть полезны для исследований, связанных с английской и узбекской грамматикой, могут быть использованы в качестве примеров в сравнительных исследованиях. В статье делается вывод о том, что слово нуждается в другом самостоятельном слове как компоненте словосочетания для полного и яркого выражения своего духовного потенциала. Для того чтобы это слово удовлетворяло его духовную потребность, оно должно быть ему и семантически, и грамматически соответствующим.
Ключевые слова
Словосочетание, компонент, синтаксическая структура, иерархическая группа, конструкция,
значение, синтаксис, семантическая связь.
Daniyeva Maysara Djamalovna
Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Chair of Languages TCRRPCKR
Karshi city, Republic of Uzbekistan
SEMANTICS OF COMPONENTS OF PHRASES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Abstract
The article discusses the problems of the semantics of English and Uzbek phrase components of which can have different meanings according to their arrangement. The actuality of the investigation is expressed by profound interest in learning the means of phrases which are widely used to perform linguistic richness of the English and Uzbek languages, that's why it is important to be studied not only by the linguists, but by the wide range of learners too. The main aim of the present article is comparative analysis of the specific features of phrases in English and Uzbek languages and their problems connected with the differences and similarities in two different languages. To investigate the chosen topic closely a lot of methods of linguistic investigation, especially Direct Observation method and Comparative-typological methods have been used in this article. Results gained by investigating the given problem can be helpful for investigations concerned with the English and Uzbek grammar, they may be used as examples in comparative researches. The article concludes that the word needs another independent word as the component of a phrase to fully and clearly express its spiritual potential. In order for this word to satisfy its spiritual need, it must be both semantically
АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО «НАУЧНАЯ АРТЕЛЬ»
and grammatically appropriate to it.
Keywords
Phrase, component, syntactic structure, hierarchical group, construction, meaning,
syntax, semantic relationship.
Introduction. Charles Meyer argues that English phrases can have different meanings depending on how they are grouped together, rather than how the components are arranged. Traditionally, in any discussion center related to syntax, four different levels of syntactic structure are defined according to which components appear:
sentences (largest) ^ clauses ^ phrases ^ words (smallest).
Literary review. The biggest component is sentence; the smallest is word. There are limitations to both the linear arrangement of the components of English phrases and their hierarchical groups. As an example of the difference between the linear and hierarchical nature of syntax, let us consider that a foreign language specialist representing the concept of structural uncertainty can have two different meanings depending on how the words in the phrases are grouped. The example proposed by Ch. Meyer is interpreted not only depending on how the words are arranged in this phrase, but also whether the word language is grouped by the word foreign or by the word specialist:
(а) foreign language - specialist
(б) foreign - language specialist
Because the words foreign and language are grouped together in a phrase (a), the phrase means "foreign language specialist", Conversely, in the phrase (b), grouping the words language and specialist means "foreign-born linguist". Grouping of this nature forms the basis of English syntax, and along with the limitations of the linear order of components, they allow linguists to describe the form and function of various types of constructions, from sentence to words in English [Meyer. 2002: 116].
In any sentence, if the sentence does not consist only of the main parts, it is possible to come across phrases. In this single example given:
- The cautious captain of a small ship had to go along a coast with which he was unfamiliar, so he tried to find a qualified pilot to guide him (www.irlanguage. com), the following phrases can be distinguished: The cautious captain, The captain, cautious captain, The cautious captain of a small ship, captain of a small ship, a small ship, captain of a ship, had to go along, go along a coast, which was unfamiliar, tried to find, a qualified pilot, to guide him, to find a pilot, to guide him, unfamiliar coast, a qualified pilot to guide etc.
Main part. (Methodology, results). In modern Uzbek textbooks, similar definitions can be found for phrases: "A compound is usually a syntactic unit formed on the basis of the introduction of two independent lexemes into a grammatical and semantic relationship. In this case, grammatically, the first part is subordinate, the second part is dominant, the subordinate part is represented by a word, and the dominant part is represented by a lexeme (such a lexeme may have a definite form, but is not grammatically formed at the word level). For example, clear water, fast talking, sweeping the yard " [Tursunov, Mukhtorov, Rakhmatullaev. 1992: 58].
A syntactic unit that expresses the names of objects and events in an objective being that are grammatically and semantically interconnected is a phrase. For example, wide street, sweet melon and so on. Phrase is formed by the expansion of certain parts of speech. That is why any phrase is considered to be one of the possibilities of the word expansion model, which is a language unit, to emerge at the speech stage. It is the possibility of connecting an independent word as a lexical-grammatical unit of the language system. In the speech process, the word expansion model is manifested through countless real phrases, filled with clear lexical units.
Conclusion and further perspectives of the investigation. Any phrase in the direct observation phase occurs on the basis of a connection model characterized by the categorical feature of the expanding part. It also indicates which word group the expansive part belongs to and what categorical character it has, and with what words it can be expanded. For example, the combination of wait for me in the meaning of expectation was formed from the expansion of the word wait (expectation). The lexical-grammatical meaning of the word wait (expectation) expanding requires that it expand at the expense of the object and that the expanding object come in the future tense. The phrase always consists mainly of two parts: the dominant and the subordinate part. The expanding part is the leader and the expanding part is the subordinate. The subordinate clause comes in the grammatical form required by the leading clause [Mahmudov, Nurmonov. 1995: 18].
There is a need to express concepts more clearly and precisely in speech. This gives preference to a phrase that represents a relatively clear concept over a word that expresses a relatively vague concept. Compare: read - read fast. In the next speech, the action of "reading the letters" is more accurate than the conjunction in the word "reading". Because it was helped by a word fast (quick). Apparently, both the word and the phrase represent a concept. The concept of the word is vague and therefore broader (for example, in the verb to read, the action can be both fast and slow), and in the phrase the two concepts are expressed in a clear and definite action ("quickly hitting the letters and understanding the meaning"). This means that the word needs another independent word to fully and clearly express its spiritual potential. In order for this word to satisfy its spiritual need, it must be both semantically and grammatically appropriate to it [Sayfullayeva et al. 2010: 286]. Used Literature:
1. Daniyeva M.Dj. Monograph: Cognitive peculiarities of Substantive Phrases in English. - Riga: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing; SIA OmniScriptum Publishing., 2018. - 65 p.
2. Mahmudov N., Nurmonov A. O'zbek tilining adabiy grammatikasi. - T., 1995. - 49 b.
3. Meyer Ch.F. Introducing English Linguistics. Cambridge, 2002. 263 P.
4. Sayfullayeva R. et al. Hozirgi o'zbek adabiy tili. - T., 2010. - 391 b.
5. Tursunov U., Muhtorov A., Rahmatullaev Sh. Hozirgi o'zbek adabiy tili. - T., 1992. - 400 b.
© flaHMeBa M.fl., 2022
Саидохунова Субхидамбону Ташпулатовна,
Магистр, Университет иоРеор1е, США г. Карши, Республика Узбекистан Научный руководитель: Даниева Майсара Джамаловна
ОБРАЗЫ ПАДЧЕРИЦЫ И МАЧЕХИ В СКАЗКЕ «ДВЕНАДЦАТЬ МЕСЯЦЕВ»
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается одна из актуальных проблем всех времён, проблема добра и зла, так как любое произведение литературы в своей основе содержит эти два понятия. Тема добра и зла прослеживается в виде падчерицы и мачехи в сказке С. Маршака «Двенадцать месяцев», она актуальна во все времена потому, что писатели обращаются к ней и по сей день. Цель данной статьи -определить добро и зло - понятия вечные, и пока существует человек на земле, будут существовать
