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262ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
ROLE OF INVESTMENT IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Davronov I.O.
Davronov Istamkhuja Olimovich - Lecturer, TOURISM AND HOTEL BUSINESS DEPARTMENT, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: during the period of independent development, the promotion of the tourist potential of the city of Bukhara and the Bukhara region, as well as the entire tourism industry of Uzbekistan, the formation of a modern tourism infrastructure, and the creation of favorable conditions for tourists are constantly in the zone of increased state attention. Today, the number of tourism entities in the Bukhara region, engaged in the development of the tourism industry and related infrastructure, is growing at a steady pace. In our country, investments in the tourism sector come from the state, the private sector of the economy and from international financial institutions.
Keywords: tourism infrastructure, tourism potential, investment, tourism festivals, marketing, hospitality development, hotel business.
UDC339.976.4
Today, tourism contributes to the diversification of the economy by developing industries serving the tourism sector: construction, communications, trade, agriculture, consumer goods production, national crafts, etc. The existence of more than 7 thousand objects of tangible cultural heritage of different eras testifies to the possibilities of our country and civilizations, including the historical centers of Bukhara, Khiva, Samarkand and Shakhrisabz included in the UNESCO World Heritage List [1].
Moreover, Uzbekistan is taking active steps to create a favorable investment climate. At the heart of this are two fundamental factors: political stability and sound, balanced macroeconomic policies. The investment policy in Uzbekistan is aimed at solving strategic problems. An investment program has been adopted in the republic. Total foreign investment to date has exceeded $ 14 billion [1].
However, despite the significant measures that have been taken by the Government of our country in recent years to stabilize the tourism industry, the pace of tourism development in our country is not up to standard. In the tourism industry of our country, in particular in the Bukhara region, an effective system of market relations, an undeveloped infrastructure, a low level of service, an insurance system and a securities market are not yet well developed. According to this, according to the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 19, 2017 "On measures to accelerate the development of the tourism potential of the city of Bukhara and the Bukhara region for 2017-2019", it is envisaged "to conduct a broad advertising campaign and promote the Bukhara brand through festivals such as Silk and spices ","Kovun sayli","City Day","Sharq taomlari","Artisans of Bukhara", organization of info-tours for foreign tourist organizations and media representatives, as well as promotion of tourist tourism potential of on the popular foreign TV channels, accommodation at special websites on the World Wide Internet and popular social networks article on the history and attractions of the region [1].
A very profitable way to obtain funds by a commercial organization is to attract funds from individual and institutional investors. Thus, in order to attract additional financial resources, an organization must have a high level of investment attractiveness sufficient to convince investors to invest their money and material resources in it.
Today, for any host country, there is no single concept in foreign literature that allows us to evaluate the effect of foreign investment. However, the main positive trend of the influence of foreign capital on the national economy is noted, this is the promotion of the
country's economic growth, which is expressed in the revitalization of national capital, the strengthening of investment processes, as well as the formation of new trends in the development of the national economy.
This is expressed in: accelerating technological progress through the use of new technologies, transferring the experience of developed market relations in relations with the capital market of the importing country, as well as improving the structure of the national economy with its focus on modern and industrial sectors for more efficient use of all national labor and natural resources.
The analysis shows that investments in the hotel business differ from investments in the construction of retail and office real estate with relatively low profitability, but at the same time with high reliability and stability, which is important for small investors. Small hotels may be of interest to this group of investors.
A positive aspect of the impact of foreign investment on the national economy is the impact on increasing economic growth by increasing the level of investment activity. Foreign investments partially fill the investment gap amid limited investment resources in the country's economy, as well as increase the growth of investment activity, which leads to an increase in the economic potential of Uzbekistan.
With the optimization of all these conditions of the investment process, the paths and rates of development of any tourism enterprise are connected.
Currently, the government has decided to provide the tourism cluster with energy, transport and engineering infrastructure, including the construction of new and reconstruction of existing airports. At the same time, sources of financing for these measures were identified, and changes were made to the investment programs of natural monopolies.
References
1. Postanovlenie Prezidenta Respubliki Uzbekistan o merax po uskorennomu razvitiyu turistskogo potensiala goroda Buxari i Buxarskoy oblasti na 2017 — 2019 godi. 2. S. 2. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://www.lex.uz/docs/3577051/ (date of access: 12.05.2020).
2. Olimovich D.I. Tourism potential of Uzbekistan // Lucrarile Seminarului Geografic" Dimitrie Cantemir"? 2015. T. 40. C. 125-130.
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АНТИМОНОПОЛЬНОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ КАК ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ЗАЩИТЫ КОНКУРЕНЦИИ
Абалевич К.Ю.
Абалевич Кристина Юрьевна - магистрант,
направление: менеджмент, кафедра антимонопольного регулирования, Московский государственный областной университет, г. Москва
Аннотация: в статье анализируются проблемы государственного регулирования конкуренции на товарных рынках. Рассматриваются предпосылки появления механизма антимонопольного регулирования и базовые принципы его применения. Ключевые слова: экономика, государство, конкуренция, антимонопольное регулирование.
Конкуренция, как явление соперничества индивидуумов за достижение наилучших результатов, было всегда свойственно человеческому обществу. Соперничество возникает в результате неудовлетворенности индивидуума результатами своей деятельности, а также при сравнении собственных достижений с достижениями других индивидуумов. В рамках экономики конкуренция рассматривается как соперничество между субъектами рынка и регулируется особым правовым институтом - конкурентное право [1, с. 152].
Рынок, как динамическая система взаимоотношений между производителями и потребителями, нуждается в механизме - регуляторе взаимоотношений между производством и потреблением. При неограниченной конкуренции рынок способен к саморегулированию и вмешательство государства не требуется. Но в исключительных случаях рынок утрачивает эту способность, тем самым признавая свою несостоятельность. Распространенной причиной несостоятельности рынка является использование хозяйствующим субъектом доминирующего положения или власти над рынком. Власть над рынком - возможность установления завышенных (по сравнению со среднерыночными) цен на товары в течение длительного времени. Результатом такой деятельности является получение дополнительной прибыли хозяйствующим субъектом. При наличии власти у одного продавца формируется рынок монополии. Условия такого рынка являются полной противоположностью конкуренции: здесь отсутствует реальная состязательность между хозяйствующими субъектами, а вход на рынок ограничен непреодолимыми барьерами. Монопольное положение на рынке - естественное стремление любого хозяйствующего субъекта, поскольку оно позволяет получать значительную прибыль, воздействовать на условия обмена товарами и диктовать условия другим участникам рынка. Монопольное положение на рынке позволяет также экономить средства производителей на разработках для усовершенствования производственных процессов, что приводит к стагнации экономического роста на рынке. В целом, монополия оказывает негативный эффект для общества в целом, и для индивида в частности.
Поддержка и защита конкуренции является важнейшей функцией государства, которая осуществляется в рамках антимонопольной деятельности. Антимонопольное регулирование в условиях рыночной экономики используется в качестве инструмента
