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ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 5 (52), 2023
УДК 346.242
Сурешкумар Дхаршини, студент международного медицинского института Курского государственного медицинского университета, Курск, Россия
Email: [email protected]
Сания Максудбег Мирза, студент международного медицинского института Курского государственного медицинского университета, Курск, Россия
Email: dr. smirza 17 @gmail. com
РОЛЬ МОНОПОЛИЙ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ СТРАНЫ
Аннотация: в статье рассматривается влияние уровня монополизации рынков на устойчивость экономического развития и, прежде всего, на развитие инфляционных процессов в условиях воспроизводственного подхода в мировой экономике. Цель статьи - показать ключевую роль монополизма в генезисе инфляции и ее негативное влияние на устойчивость экономического развития. В статье используется репродуктивный подход к анализу экономических явлений и процессов.
Sureshkumar Dharshini, student of the International Medical Institute, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
Email: dharshinisuresh220702@gmail .com
Sania Maksudbeg Mirza, student of the International Medical Institute, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
Email: [email protected]
THE ROLE OF MONOPOLIES IN AN ECONOMY OF RUSSIA
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 5 (52), 2023
Abstract: the article discusses the impact of the level of monopolization of markets on the sustainability of economic development and, above all, on the development of inflationary processes in terms of the reproduction approach in the global economy. The purpose of the article is to show the key role of monopolism in the genesis of inflation and its negative impact on the sustainability of economic development. The article uses a reproductive approach to the analysis of economic phenomena and processes.
Key words: monopoly, Russia
The high degree of monopolization of the Russian economy is a well-known fact not only in scientific circles, but also widely discussed in the press. Much has been said and written about its causes and consequences. However, let's try to look at this fact from a new angle - from the point of view of its impact on the possibility of Russia's entry into the global economy and, most importantly - effective existence in this tough environment.
According to the study income inequality caused by Finance (financial development, financial liberalization, and banking crises) is associated with greater income redistribution than inequality caused by other factors . One of the negative results of globalization is the dominance of developed countries and their largest companies to the detriment of the national interests of the less developed, as exemplified by Russia. Thus, monopolistic tendencies, which are typical for Russia, are amplified by the influence of global corporations.
One of the problems that has always been in the focus of attention of the Russian authorities is inflation, the regulation of which for many years has been one of the priorities of economic, primarily monetary policy . It is for the declared fight against inflation that there is a permanent restriction of the money supply by the Bank of Russia, while in most developed countries, governments and central banks provide systematic support to their economies in the form of financial injections and the provision of state guarantees [1].
Another thing is that the boundary between these factors is not always clear,
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 5 (52), 2023 since the close relationship of the areas under consideration sometimes means that these factors describe the same event, but from different points of view.
Traditionally, the monopolization of markets is seen as a factor that deviates the price from the value and contributes to the monopolist obtaining super profits. That's fair. But, on the other hand, under monopoly conditions, the producer does not receive sufficient incentives to reduce the cost of its products. If new technologies are introduced in the context of free competition to reduce the cost of production, each of the competing producers-sellers seeks to introduce these innovations first in order to either gain additional profit for some time due to the difference between the average market price and the reduced costs, or reduce the price and thus increase sales of their products. Thus, the monopolization of markets is not only the reason for the separation of prices from the value of goods, but also the cause of the real rise in the cost of social production.
The nature of distribution inflation is rooted in social conflict over the distribution of social product between different social groups and strata of society [2]. This basic source is a necessary but insufficient condition for the existence of inflation. Inflation from its potential form is transformed into real only under certain conditions, in the presence of a whole set of factors operating in the economic sphere. One of these factors is the monopoly in the markets.
In the area of exchange, the role of monopolies in the development of inflation is obvious and consists in the ability to set an inflated price for their products compared to the price of a competitive market. In the context of the reduction of effective consumer demand, the first reaction of a competitive company will be a decrease in prices, and the monopolist is likely to reduce production with the preservation or even increase in previous prices for its products [3]. This reaction is objectively due to the macroeconomic mechanism of the monopolist's behavior in the market of goods. An important role in the unwinding of the inflation flywheel at the exchange stage is played by the broad development of intermediary structures.
As for the inflationary influence of monopolies at the stage of consumption of the created social product, there is no such direct connection as at the other three stages.
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 5 (52), 2023 However, monopolies in the goods markets are indirectly linked to monopolies in the factor markets, especially in the labor market [4]. The dictatorship of employers in the labor markets means low wages, which significantly reduces the possibility of economic development in terms ofboth consumer demand and investment. On the other hand, low incomes mean that the main source of investment financing - household savings in the form of Bank deposits and securities - is not fully operational showed in their study that in Russia there is a tendency to increase the amount of money remaining outside the sphere of consumption or investment. There is a shortage of means of payment in enterprises, which leads to a rise in the cost of credit and to an overall increase in costs. Thus, we have seen that the monopolization of markets can really have a significant impact on prices at all four stages of the reproduction process. However, the monopolization of the Russian market cannot be reduced to the problem of regulating natural monopolies, being by its nature more extensive and more profound [5].
Throughout the thirty years of reforms, except for certain years, the index of producer prices of industrial products grew at a faster pace compared to the consumer price index, while prices in the more monopolized industries have grown much faster than in a less monopolized.
The data presented indicate that it is pointless to fight inflation in Russia with monetary methods. Of course, the fact that Russian inflation is primarily supply-side inflation has long been recognized by most economists, and in itself is not direct evidence that the main cause of inflation in the Russian economy is the high degree of its monopolization. However, the data presented illustrate at least not the last role of monopoly in the development of inflation processes, at least in the Russian economy. Further justification of this role and its quantification require further theoretical and empirical, including statistical, research and analysis [6].
References
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ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 5 (52), 2023 Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy 13, 667-687 (2018)
2. V. Fanelli, A.K. Ryden, Pricing a swing contract in a gas sale company, Economics, Management, and Financial Markets 13, 40-55 (2018)
3. M. Novy , The impact of globalization on the price elasticity of demand. Globalization and Its Socio-Economic Consequences, 538-545, Zilina, Slovakia, (2015)
4. V. Soltes, S. Stofko ,. The impact of population movement on security in the age of globalization. Globalization and Its Socio-Economic Consequences, 773-778, Zilina, Slovakia, (2015)
5. M. Tokarova, Selected problems of competitiveness measuring in conditions of globalization. Globalization and Its Socio-Economic Consequences, 800-809, Zilina, Slovakia , (2015).
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