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Section 2. Demography and ethnography
Mohamad Arifin, Sri Suwitri, Endang Larasati, Ida Hayu Dwimawanti Public administration doctoral program Faculty of social and politycal sciences Diponegoro university, semarang, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]
ROAD HANDLING POLICY IN IMPROVING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) IN PEMALANG DISTRICT
Abstract. Research Objectives describe how the Road Management Policy in Improving Community Development Index in Pemalang District. The problem is the still low HDI of Pemalang Regency seen from the health dimension (Life Expectancy) and the dimensions of Education (School Length Expectations and Average School Length) linked to the road handling policy in Pemalang District. Descriptive research type is qualitative approach. Data collected through interviews, observation, focus group discussions, and literature. Determinations of informants are with purposive technique. Head of Department of Public Works, Head of Bina Marga, Bappeda, Department of Education and Culture, Health Office, Trans Naker Service, and Social Affairs Office. Data analysis means of data condensation, data verification and conclusion drawing. Data validation uses source triangulation. From the research it seen: (1) Road Handling Policies in Pemalang District have been effective in handling road problems that exist in all districts, except village and sub-district roads that were handed over by villages because there were village funds (2) Policy for handling roads in Pemalang District was not effective relating to the area around the toll road project. Because they are, pull of interest, the MOU, and the conflict of authority between the Central Government and the District Government. (3) Field findings the handling policy the road is not the only cause of the low HDI in Pemalang Regency, because there are other factors seen from the dimensions of health, education, and economy, which is the cause of the low HDI. Research recommendations: In implementing the road handling policy especially for the area around the toll road area, it is necessary to embrace, community elements (NGOs) to pressure the central government and toll road of project builders. Where with formal authority cannot reached and subsequent researchers are advised to focus on different loci or do a comparison with the same focus.
Keywords: Road Policy, TOL Project, HDI (Community Development Index), NGO. and Pemalang District.
I. Introduction work in Pemalang District is currently a length of790.490 km,
Good transport links will bring an impact on increasing with a weight damage status of 116.040 km and the status of
of the economic activity region. The development, mainte- moderate damage is 34.030 km. The large number of damaged
nance and improvement of road infrastructure become a pri- road network in Pemalang District One of them is due to the
ority program along with the growing population and road construction of a toll road of development project where the
user vehicles. A lot of road network damage in Central Java road often passed by the Dump truck suffered severe damage.
province is currently on the Pantura line, especially in Tegal The accessibility and mobility of road network in Pema-
City, Pemalang District, and Pekalongan City, which is widely lang District still not able to overcome when the volume of
traversed by heavy vehicles coming from the West or from vehicles that passes through the area. Therefore, the more
the eastern direction of Central Java province. The road net- comprehensive road handling is in solving to be more effective
and efficient for the users and the user of the highway. Not only the mobility and accessibility problems that are still widely perceived by the community but also the rider safety factor at the time on the highway. The safety of the district community at the time of the road that related to the condition of the network and roads damaged and its acceleration during driving on the highway still suffered a lot of interference. The number of road users who have an accident in Pemalang District indicates interference caused by network condition and damaged road roads. The number of accidents in Pemalang District currently amounted to 382 events, with a death toll of134, and a weight injury of 27 inhabitants, and a minor wound as many as 382. (Pemalang District in numbers: Data processed 2016). There are still many problems in the field of road handling from the national level, the province, to the district/city level then the government issued in [5].
In [5] about the road mentioned, that road maintenance is an activity that encompasses the arrangement, coaching, development, and supervision of a road. According to this condition, classify as benefit, safety and safety, harmony, alignment and balance, fairness, transparency and accountability, usability and success, and togetherness and partnership. Furthermore, the rules used in road handling for district/city level are currently contained in the regulation of the Minister of Public Works number: 14/PRT/M/2010 about the standard of service of Minimal Public works and spatial arrangement. Article 5 paragraph 1 and 2 are explained that the implementation of district/city level handling should be based on performance indicators of minimum road Field Service standard. Law Number 38 in 2004 governing the road and regulation of the Minister of Public Works number: 14/PRT/M/2010 about standards of service Minimal field of public works and the arrangement of the current space has created and takes place in the midst of Community. However, the problems related to road handling at national, provincial, and Regency/city level are still a lot of happening. Congestion and accidents that occur make the road handling related to accessibility and road segments have not been effective and efficient in Pemalang District.
In relation to the Human Development Index of the Regency/City in the lowest central Java province is Brebes District with an index of 63.18. Then the next HDI District/city is the district Pemalang with an index of 63.7. In addition, the lowest third of its IPM is Banjarnegara District with an index of 64.73. The low Human Development Index (HDI) in the district of Central Java province Pemalang suspected by researchers caused three basic dimensions used to measure the HDI. They are as follows: the health represented by the life expectancy figure at birth, Education that is represented by the school's old hope numbers (Expected Years Schooling) and the average old school (Mean Years Schooling), and a
decent standard of living that represented the expenditure or purchasing power of society is still low. Currently the achievement of life expectancy figures, Expected Years Schooling, Mean Years Schooling, overall the regency of Pemalang achievement is still below the average cannot go beyond the achievement of Central Java province. Where the life expectancy rate (AHH) in district Pemalang amounted 72.77 while in Central Java Province the life expectancy figure (AHH) has reached 73.96.
Then the old school hope figure (EYS: Expected Years Schooling) in district Pemalang amounted to 11.86 while the achievement in Central Java Province has reached 12.38. Average Old School (MYS: Mean Years Schooling) residents in Pemalang District also still very low of only 6.04 while the average achievement in Central Java Province has reached 7.03. The low achievement of life expectancy (AHH) after birth, the school's old Hope figure (EYS: Expected Years Schooling) The average old school (MYS: Mean Years Schooling) in Pemalang District, also followed by the low standard of living decent (decent Standard of living) in Pemalang Regency compared to Banjarnegara District, Brebes, and Central Java Province. Of the three IPM assessment indicators based on the above data can be noted that the two indicators of HDI assessment in Pemalang District, namely the people's purchasing power size index and the old school average are the lowest two indicators, when compared With two other districts namely the district of Banjarnegara and Brebes at present. So the research on the improvement of Human development index that focus related to road handling policy in District Pemalang important. The purpose of this research is to describe how the road handling policy in improving the Human Development Index (HDI) in Pemalang District.
Previous research that relevant and supported the research was. 1) (Boarnet [2]), the results of this research showed that there are two explanations to help equalize the perception that develops in the community namely some of the economic developments observed Near the highway may not be true -due to the road. Then some economic development near the highway may influenced by shifting the economic activity of other regions, one explanation indicates the need for Analysis and funding of highways. 2) (Sudha Singh [8]), the results of this study suggested that the addition of driver warning systems to electronic cars that operate automatically when the car is on the highway because in the future In front of the car use experiments. The road infrastructure with wireless technology will occur and become something commercial for the automotive manufacturer to improve the safety and safety of the driver on the highway. 3) (David [4]), the results of the study explained that Japan is in a period of rapid transition, deregulation, and privatisation of freeway also in A considerable debt repayment program of more than 40 trillion yen in
less than 40 years. The rest of this article is about the history of highway development, especially the toll road of sector category in Japan.
4) (Christian & Newton [3]), the results of this study contained the development of three cost prediction models to determine the cost of Accurate road maintenance, conclusion of the results of this research eviewed in terms of management need to increase maintenance funds by 25% accompanied by a comprehensive maintenance management system. If the Ministry of Transportation meets the current and future of this necessity, it will be adequate maintenance of the existing road network. Compared to some previous research the novelty of the research is a road handling policy in relation to the improvement of Human Development Index (HDI) that has never researched before. The basic theory used in this study was public policy theory from (Anderson [1]) in (Randy R. Wrihatnolo [6]) and Human Development Index (HDI) (uNDP: 1990).
II. Research method
This research approach uses a qualitative approach. The type of research is a descriptive study of the writing that contains the description of an object as a certain time, to describe in detail a series of data obtained through observations and interviews that have conducted (Riris Ning Pambudi 2014:41). Data collected through Interviews, observations, FGD and libraries. Determination of informant is with purposive technique. Head of Dinas PU, Kabid Bina Marga, Agency for Regional Development abbreviated as Bappeda, Office of Education and Culture, Office of Health, Office of Trans Naker, and Social Institutions abbreviated as Dinsos. Data validation is using triangulation source. Data analysis is done by means of data condensation, data verification, and data conclusive (Sugiyono [9]). The observed phenomenon is road-handling policy in Pemalang District seen from aspects of road and road network and IPM and road handling policy in the improvement of IPM in Pemalang District seen from the dimensions of health, education and Economic.
III. Result and discussion
The policy definition posed by (Anderson [1]) (in (Randy R. Wrihatnolo [6]) defined the policy as: "A relative stable, purposive course of action followed by an actor or set of actor in dealing with A problem or matter of concern." (The policy is the direction of action that has the intent set by an actor or a number of actors in addressing a problem or issue).
Based on the concept of such policy can then the manager needs to have an understanding of the evaluation policy not only focuses on the evaluation of policy implementation only, but the policy evaluation includes evaluation of policy formulation, evaluation Policy implementation, and environmental evaluation policy. Because these are three sections determine the success of a policy.
Human development, according to UNDP, defined as a process aimed at expanding the choices for people. In this concept, the population (human) as the ultimate End (the final) and the development effort itself as the primary means (principal means) in order to achieve that goal.
The paradigm of human development sees that the efforts of increasing human quality have intrinsic value, in a sense, as a goal on itself. The perspective differs from human resource development, which places humans as the source or input of development and sees human quality as means to generate income. As a holistic development paradigm, human development looked at the designed development program, supposed characterized "of, for and by people". The purpose of these features is as follows: First, about the population (of people), namely the empowerment of people sought through investment in the areas of health education, and other basic social services. Second, for people, the empowerment of people sought through the creation of employment opportunities and the expansion of the opportunity to strive (by expanding the economic activity of the region); Third, by the population (by people), namely the empowerment of the population that can improve the dignity and respect through participation in decision making in all areas.
In this case, it means a decision-making in the development process. The Human Development Index (HDI) introduced by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 1990 and published periodically in the annual report HDR (Human Development Report). IPM is an important indicator to measure success in building the quality of human life that can explain how people can access development outcomes in obtaining income, health, and education. The Human Development Index (HDI) formed by a composite indicator of education, health and Purchasing Power Parity. With three indicators that used as its parameters is expected to be one of the instruments how the policy of development in Pemalang District is able to guarantee at least three of the most basic choices are options for long-lived, Choice to have knowledge and the choice to live worthy. That is why the demand for improving IPM not only intended in order to fulfill the basic rights of residents but also in order to build a solid foundation of Pemalang District.
Regency development of Pemalang as contained in Local Regulation Number 12 in 2016 about the plan of medium-term development of District Pemalang Year 2016 is a development that adheres to the concept that requires improvement of quality Live the population both physically, mentally and spiritually. In fact, it explicitly mentioned that the development focused on the physical and mental development of human resources that contain the meaning of increasing the basic capacity of residents who will then enlarge the opportunity to
participate in sustainable development processes. Along with the economic growth, the increase in the physical and mental quality of residents carried out by the District government Pemalang through development in the field of education and health, which its development program designed to expand the range of services Education and basic health.
In the economic sector, the implemented equity estimated to have a big influence on the absorption of work force. The creation of occupational and health opportunities is taken by macroeconomics through high and sustained economic
Although the number of IPM of Pemalang District continues to increase every year but the achievement of IPM is not optimal. Compared with the District/City in Central Java Province, IPM of Pemalang District is at the position to 34 from 35 District/City. This kind of condition makes it a concern for the Government to pay more attention to the human development process itself. Moreover, in the presence regulation of Pemalang District Number 12 in 2016 about Medium Term Development Plan of Pemalang District during the period 2016-2021. Surely, the reference of local regulations makes local governments should be prioritizing development, good infrastructure development, facilities and infrastructures, even in the field of education, health and income/purchasing power as Composite indicators that make up the human development index. Meanwhile, the potential of Pemalang District to support the improvement of Human Development Index (HDI) is also possible given that the regency of Pemalang has quite abundant natural resources such as agriculture, plantation, fisheries, industry, services and Trade. The results of the economic activities should be able to contribute a substantial value to the economy of the area and community welfare in Pemalang District.
Human development includes a very broad dimension. Efforts to make the measurement of human development achievement that has done in a region should be able to provide an overview of the impact of human development for the population and can give an overview of the percentage achievement to the ideal target. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a single composite indicator that, despite not being able to measure all dimensions of human devel-
growth pathways. This is because with the growth of employment opportunities and striving will allow for a real increase in population revenue. In the end, it will reduce the number of people living below the poverty line. It is the main bridge in improving the empowerment principle.
From the results of the research known that, the Human Development Index in Pemalang District until 2016 showed a significant increase in realization. In the period 2011-2016 there was an increase of 4, 51points with HDI in 2016 which was obtained by 64.17 as in the following table.
opment, but measures the three-dimensional foundation of human development that assessed to reflect basic capability status (basic capabilities) of the population. These three basic capabilities are long, healthy life aimed at measuring living, knowledgeable, and skilled opportunities, as well as access to the resources needed to achieve a decent standard of living.
Given that the IPM is intended to measure the impact of the underlying effort, it uses an impact indicator as the underlying component of counting result, i.e. the life expectancy of birth, the achievement of the education measured With the number of old school expectations and the average length of school, as well as consumption expenditure. The value of the IPM of a country or region indicates how far the country or region has reached the specified target, which is 85 years of life expectancy, primary education for all levels of society (without exception), and the level of expenditure and Achieving decent living standards. The closer the HDI value of the region to the 100 number, the closer the road has reached to achieve that goal.
In addition, IPM is a sensitive measuring instrument to be able to give an overview of the changes occurring, especially in the purchasing power components that heavily influenced by income levels, employment opportunities and inflation. Declining employment opportunities in the context of human development is a bridge that connects between economic growth and efforts to increase the basic capacity of residents. The impact of the crisis on human development is the decline in purchasing power and this means the delay in efforts to increase physical capacity and intellectual capacity of the population.
Table 1. - Development of Human Development Index
Indicators 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Life Expectancy (Th) 72.37 72.48 72.59 72.64 72.77 72.87
School Old Hope Numbers (Th) 10.45 10.64 11.05 11.26 11.86 11.87
Average Old School (Th) 5.19 5.51 5.72 5.87 6.04 6.05
Customized per capita expenditure (Rp.000) 6.488 6.725 6.863 6.911 7.177 7.447
IPM 59.66 60.78 61.81 62.35 63.70 64.17
Source: Central Statistical Agency of Pemalang District
Figure 1. Human Development Index Measurement Diagram
The Human Development Index (HDI) consists of three types of indices:
a. Health index
b. Education index
The education index consists of two types of indexes
Table 2.- Maximum and Minimum limits of IPM components
1) Old Hope Index of school
2) Old Average school index c. Expense index
To compute the indexes of each IPM components are used the maximum and minimum limits as follows:
IPM Components Unit Maximum Minimum
Life Expectancy at Birth Years 20 85
Old School Expectations Years 0 18
Average Old School Years 0 15
Per Capita Expenditure Rupiah 1.007.436 26.572.352
Source: Central Statistical Agency of Pemalang District
The Human Development Index (HDI) in Pemalang Dis- regions, the number of district IPM Pemalang of 64.17 slightly
trict lower compared to the average of central and national higher than the Brebes regency of 63.98. Java. Meanwhile, when compared to regional and surrounding
Table 3.- Regional Level of IPM Comparison, Central Java and National
District/ City 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Growth 2012-2016
Batang District 63.09 63.60 64.07 65.46 66.38 5.21
Pekalongan District 65.33 66.26 66.98 67.40 67.71 3.64
Pemalang District 60.78 61.81 62.35 63.70 64.17 5.58
Tegal District 62.67 63.50 64.10 65.04 65.84 5.06
Brebes District 60.92 61.87 62.55 63.18 63.98 5.02
Pekalongan City 69.95 70.82 71.53 72.69 73.32 4.82
Tegal City 70.68 71.44 72.20 72.96 73.55 4.06
Central Java 67.21 68.02 68.78 69.49 69.98 4.12
National 67.70 68.31 68.90 69.55 70.18 3.66
Source: Central Statistical Agency of Pemalang District
For the past five years (2012-2016), the IPM of Pemalang District grew 5.58 percent. This growth was highest in Central
90,00 80,00 70,00 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00
- Life expectancy
Life expectancy (AHH) is the approximate average of many years that someone has been able to reach from birth. AHH reflects the health of a society. It calculated in a way indirectly with the program package Micro Computer Program for Demographic Analysis (MCPDA) or Mortpack.
AHH developing countries are lower than AHH developed countries because AHH influenced by high infant mortality rates. AHH Pemalang grows on average 0.13% per year, under the average growth ofJateng (0.29%) and national (0.26%). AHH of Pemalang District grew fastest number 7 between District and City in Central Java.
- Educational dimension
a. Average length of school (RLS)
The average length of school (RLS) defined as the number of years spent by residents in formal education. The calculated population coverage of RLS is the population aged 25
Java for the past 5 years, even over the national (3.66) and Central Java (4.12%).
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years and over. The RLS is calculated for ages 25 and above assuming at the age of 25 years of education is over. The calculation of RLS at 25 years old also follows the international standard used by UNDP. The length of education that has been lived by the population from year to year is longer. RLS is an indicator of the educational output, while the HLS is a process indicator.
b. Old school expectations (HLS) The school's old Hope Number (HLS) defined, as the length of the school (in years) that expected perceived by a child at a certain age in the future. HLS used to determine the condition of educational system development at various levels.
HLS calculated at the age of 7 years as it follows the government's policy of compulsory learning program. To accommodate people who not covered in (Statistik Lanjut Usia [7]), HLS corrected with students attending Religious School known as Pesantren. The data source of Religious School
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Figure 2. IPM of District/City in Central Java in 2016
known as Pesantren is from the Directorate of Islamic Education. Harapan Lama School closely related to school participa-
tion. Many of today's schools will be members of future school expectations for new children in school age.
Figure 3. Average IPM Growths per year, 2010-2015
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 4. AHH Trend of Pemalang District in 2010-2016
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
i Kab. Pemalang i Jawa Tengah
Figure 5. Average Old School and Growth 2010-2016
1217 12,38 12,45 11,89 12,17 11,86 11,87
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^■Kab. Pemalang ^HJawa Tengah
й Kab. Pemalang. » Jawa Tengah.
Figure 6. Old School Expectation and Growth 2010-2016
- Economic Dimension
The average year per capita expenditure obtained from (Statistik Lanjut Usia, [7]) module, calculated from provincial level to district/city level. The average per capita expenditure made constant/real with a base year of 2012 = 100. PPP Growth 2010-2016:
• Pemalang District = 18.98%
• Central Java = 12.91%
PPP Achievement for 2010-2016 is still in Central Java, but the rate of growth is higher than Central Java. Per capita production adjusted to increase. However, the growth rate decreases, occurring in Pemalang and Central Java. (Slope is more ramps).
- Road handlers policy on human development index of improvement in Pemalang district
Road handling policy especially damaged road in the area of villages, districts and districts so far handled through a scale of priorities and phasing because it is adjusted to the existing budget or financial. Road handling is broken for areas that
connect places such as hospitals, schools and centers - Economic activities (markets/shops) are preferred to support the activities.
The issue of health facilities is often not due to the availability of the facility, but rather because of economic problems. Cost limitation is the primary consideration of the patient's family to send patients to adequate maternity services. Meanwhile, the participation of the patient in the health insurance borne by the Government can not fully guarantee the participant for access, because, for example the card lost and do not know that the health insurance program can bear the costs Labor. As revealed from the following interview results:
"... They have Public Helath Insurance abbreviated as Jamkesmas card, but because their parents do not primpen the cards are lost, when the UK 9 months their legs swollen, I refer to Hospital but have no cost. They have Jamkesmas card, but because their parents do not primpen the cards are lost, when the UK 9 months their legs swollen, I refer to the Hospital but have no cost. ..." B3
Figure 7. Percapita Expenditure and Growth 2010-2016
The main cause of maternal death is actually preventable through early recognition and access to quality service. The current maternal and neonatal health services and programmes are focused on improving accessibility as well as quality of service related to the various risk factors that are the main cause of maternal mortality [(Depkes, 2001), in the AKI report, Bappeda of Pekalongan District, 2017]. From the above data, known related to AHH is not the only one because of the road access factor but the economic and cultural factors of the myth about not good give birth on Sunday, which is what the cause is. Health problems, others are environmental problems are still a major problem in the field of health. This seen from the many health facilities in households that still categorized unworthy.
Poverty factor is the main problem for households in providing decent health facilities. In terms of health infrastructure also still perceived very less especially the hospital in the region of the southern and eastern Pemalang. They are not to mention plus the lack of implementation of health supervision for pregnant women and poor nutrition. The disease factor of Meskin is small but its existence cannot ignored in improving the degree of public health. They are not o mention the public awareness of healthy living behavior.
The low of Human Development Index in Pemalang District not separated from various problems related to each other. The Issues other than health are as well as educational areas. Education facilities and infrastructure are still a problem in increasing the average of old school and old school expectations. Meanwhile, the effort to pursue the lack of education for people who are over 40 years old also still lacking. Then the economic is field. In the economic field also shows the low level of community consumption. Low consumption of
society influenced also by the lower level of public income. Low income can be due to the low ownership of production factors such as capital. Meanwhile, the inflation rate tends to raise which causes community consumption capability to decline. The High inflation also triggered by some distribution infrastructure unwell and a long chain of trade in goods.
Therefore, the road handling policy that considered during this period is less effective especially in the toll road of project area is not the only cause of low HDI in Pemalang district, considering there are other factors that are the cause. They are such as cultural, behavioral, environmental, motivation, social and economic values, supported by the research from (Boarnet [2]), Highways and Economic Productivity: Interpreting Recent Evidence: The University of California Transportation Center University of California Berkele. Which stated that the economic developments observed near the highway are likely not right actually caused by highways, then some economic development the road is likely influenced by shifting the economic activity of other regions; one explanation shows the need for reforms in the analysis and funding of highways?
IV. Conclusion and suggestion
Based on the results of the research and discussion could express the following conclusions:
Policy on road handling in Pemalang District seen from (Network Road) namely the accessibility aspect, mobility, and safety and from the aspect of roads. That are the road Condo-tel and speed can be said to be good for areas other than those affected road projects Toll road, where there are reports about the roads in the district area will be immediately handled gradually and scale priorities. The Considering existing of financial condition. The road handlers in the toll road of project area
are not yet good. This is because for the area around toll road projects there are obstacles of MOU made between toll road project builders with the central government so that the toll road handling policy carried out by the government of Pema-lang District less response Even as if ignored.
In this case, through demo action by the community to fulfill their demands considered more effective, because of the actions undertaken by society during this by closing the road so that activity cannot run new then the demands of the community fulfilled by the road builders told a central government. Success of road handler's policy in Pemalang District of the research results also shows quite successful. Through public complaints, routine reports of officers every three months, and the optimization of the general auxiliary Unit of the Department of Public Works the general office problems that exist from the village, subdistrict and district levels can be resolved well. Moreover, for the village road now handled by the village itself through the village fund or village fund allocation. PU also conducts service programs by providing consultation assistance in the calculation and construction of roads in the village. The problem is still happening obstacles in handling the road around the toll road projects because there is a pull of the interests, MOU, law and authority.
Human Development Index in Pemalang District during the period until the last report 2017 known that: Human Development Index (HDI) in Pemalang District is lower than the average of Central Java and National, but the growth of 5.58 during 2012-2016 is the highest in Central Java (4.12) and even above the national (3.66). The life expectancy figure (AHH) of Pemalang grows on average 0.13% per year, under the average growth ofJateng (0.29%) and national (0.26%). AHH of Pemalang District grew fastest number 7 between District and City in Central Java. The average length of the school (RLS) of Pemalang District is 6.05 years lower than Central Java for 7.15 years. Old School of Pemalang District is 11.87 lower than the Java Province of 12.45.
PPP Achievement of Pemalang District during 2010-2016 is still under Central Java but PPP Growth of Pemalang District in 2010-2016, which is 18.98% higher than CentralJava of 12.91%. In an effort to improve the achievement of the field of health, the strategies and programs that taken are environmental development, health services improvement, health behaviour enhancement, disease management due to hereditary factors. The effort to improve the achievement of the field of education, the strategy and the programs taken are improving facilities, infrastructure education, and operational assistance organizing. In an effort to improve the achievement of the economic field, the strategies and programmes that taken are increase in capital/investment, improvement in labor quality, control of goods price, and development of consumer behaviour.
Policy on road handling in Human Development Index improvement is in Pemalang District. Road handling policy conducted by district government Pemalang is always pay attention to complaints, reports, and survey results of the police officers do not have an error in determining the policy. Then after careful study, it will taken a priority scale and done gradually according to the financial condition. In relation to the efforts of improving Human Development Index then the government has its own strategy in the field of health, education, and economics so that what is done in the handling of roads will be in sync with the strategy taken. All of them geared to help improve of the Human Development Index in Pemalang District.
Suggestions
1. For government
As input in the policy in handling the road, the advice submitted is reports and complaints from the community remain in contact, either through mosque, come directly, or through public hearing, remembering their information is important in order to achieve the road handling policy objectives. The addition of a WEB plan to the Community report of the coming year is very good and innovative, but it needs the maximum socialization movement considering the unfriendly society in terms of the Web and many are do not understand about technology. In addition, the signal to the area of the region that is rather remote also needs noticed. Therefore, it is necessary to examine first the plan of implementation of the Web. For UPU strategic task in accelerating the implementation of the road handler's policy, so it is important to be in the legal basis so that UPU can carry out tasks according to their regulatory. NGOs need embraced directed and not deviated from the purpose of the establishment so that it can be a long hand of the government if the formal not reached.
2. For education and cultural institution
In order to improve the EYS and MYS, Institution has an important role to support this government policy. Where the provision of scholarships and BOS that have rolled out must subjected to fixed objectives.
3. For health agency
From the results of AKI reports, it is necessary to socialize pregnant women and their families to pay more attention to the pregnancy condition by increasing knowledge about pregnancy complications, childbirth, and period. Making the right decision when a family member is pregnant and or giving birth with complications or problems to immediately lead to health care and referred to a hospital that is able to deal with complications or problems by health workers Skilled. In addition, the socialization of old culture that is not relevant to society needs to be encouraged to press AKI. Another expected impact is that AHH becomes even better.
Human Development Index enhancement efforts can be made through: 1) improving infrastructure, infrastructure in the form of health, education and economic facilities can at least impact the improvement of community welfare. Its existence needs expanded mainly focus on the poor to improve the degree of health, level of education and economic ability independently; 2) Encouraging the growth of business climate that is conducive to increase investment/ Investing or capital investment can significantly promote the acceleration of development widely that can increase the production of goods and services, and the absorption of manpower so as to increase public income. Its existence needs supported through ease in licensing services and adequate infrastructure availability; 3) Cost incentives to improve the quality and quality of manpower, cost incentives can be made through government investment in Education and special
skills in accordance with the needs of the work market and employment opportunities through the improvement of educational facilities and infrastructure; 4) Increase local production capability of goods that could potentially cause inflation, especially Agricultural products. Inflation is generally due to the increasing demand of goods on the one hand while on the other hand the quantity of goods available very small. Especially for agricultural products the level of distribution can actually be made possible through the arrangement of production patterns and crop patterns and; 5) socialization of increased consumption behaviour in the region of Pemalang District.
The consumption of communities in the district of Pema-lang in addition can increase the income of production sectors thus encouraging the growth of greater investment for the development of the regional economy.
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