CC BY
11EARTH SCIENCES
RESERVED LANDSCAPES IN THE STRUCTURE OF TOURIST RESOURCES OF THE
INDUSTRIAL CITY
Karpenko T.
Assistant, Krivoy Rog State Pedagogical University, Krivoy Rog, Ukraine Post-graduate student, Uman National University of Horticulture, Uman, Ukraine
Lakomova O.
Candidate of geografical science, Krivoy Rog State Pedagogical University,
Krivoy Rog, Ukraine
Abstract
The article dealt with a place protected landscapes in the structure of tourism resources. Informed assessment opportunities within protected landscapes to tourism in the industrial area. The method of assessment of protected landscapes for tourism purposes. Research conducted by the example of Krivoy Rog.
Keywords: protected landscapes, objects of nature conservation, tourism, tourist resources.
World practice shows that protected areas have already taken their place in the tourism industry. Ecological routes are being developed and museums are being opened in protected areas. Particular importance has tourism of protected areas in those regions that are old and industrial, where the negative ecological state of the environment requires the involvement of all protected areas in tourism.
In the presence of many types of modern tourism, there is a problem of determining the place of protected landscapes in tourism. This problem is especially actual in the old industrial regions (one of which is Kryvyi Rih), where is a need for ecologically balanced natural tourist resources. Protected landscapes fully correspond to this category. No matter for what specific purpose tourists visit the protected object, one way or another, these are tourist resources.
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the protected landscapes of the old industrial city (on the example of Kryvyi Rih) as objects of tourism in the system of regional tourist resources. The tasks of the work are: cadastration of existing protected areas, their mapping, identification of potential areas of using in tourism, assessment of the attractiveness of protected landscapes for tourists.
Nowadays, science knows many concepts of the content of "tourism" [3]. They all have one thing in common - tourism is impossible without the traveler's spatial movements [7]. Therefore, the basic definition of "tourism" can be taken as follows: tourism - is the temporary movement of people from their place of residence to another country or area within their country in their spare time for pleasure and recreation, health, guest, cognitive or professional-business purposes, but without doing paid work in the place visited [3]. Visiting protected landscapes does not contradict this definition, on the contrary, they are one of the many possible tourist resources.
When we talk about visiting protected landscapes, we are talking primarily about eco-tourism. It means active movement in clean and wild corners of the landscape [1]. The objects of tourism in this case are protected areas - national parks, state and biosphere reserves, botanical gardens, zoos, reserves, natural monuments, dendrological parks, etc. The level of use of protected landscapes in tourism is different. The most interesting protected area is considered to be a nature reserve, but there are more opportunities to visit areas with less strict protection and free access to them. World experience shows that the main motive for participating in tours with visits to protected landscapes is the desire to enjoy the pristine nature. The social significance of this type of tourism is primarily in the economic, educational and recreational value [6,2]. The main form of ecological tourism is a variety of excursions.
In the old industrial city, protected landscapes are one of the types of tourist resources, and the smallest in number and area, as the development of industry determines the dominance not of the natural component, but industrial, historical, cultural and others. For Kryvyi Rih, the complete classification of tourist resources is as follows: monuments, memorials, mass graves, memorials, memorial and signboards, streets named after famous people, architectural structures and ensembles, historical sites, religious buildings, theaters , cinemas, exhibition galleries and halls, circus, ancient cemeteries, man-made (mining landscapes and working enterprises), natural (conditionally natural, natural-anthropogenic and protected).
Nowadays, the total area of protected objects (13) on the 01.01.2012 in the city of Kryvyi Rih is 372,145 hectares, of which national importance - 165.0 hectares, local importance - 207,145 hectares (10 objects) (table 1).
Table 1
Protected landscapes of Kryvyi Rih (within the city limits)
Name of the object (year of creation) Category Area (hectares) Location. Conformity
objects of national importance
North Red Beam (1983) Landscape reserve 28,0 The former RU named after Lenin, Kryvyi Rih City Council, UMiA
MODR Rocks (1975) Geological monument of nature 62,0 Central city district of Kryvyi Rih, Kryvyi Rih city council, UMiA
Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1992) Botanical Garden 75,0 Street Marshaka, 50. Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
objects of local significance
Vizirka (2001) Landscape reserve 121,1 On the northern outskirts of Ingulets. PJSC "Ingulets GOK"
Park named after Mer-shavzev (1972) Park-monument of landscape art 36,0 Central City District Department of UB-ZhP of the Kryvyi Rih City Executive Committee
Dendrological Park (1993) Botanical Garden tract 27,0 Zaliznychne village, Dzerzhinsk forestry, apt. №52. State Enterprise Kryvyi Rih State Forestry
Cultivated Pear Tree (1990) Botanical monument of nature 0,03 Street Khartsyzsk, 138. Ukrmekhanobr GOK JV PJSC Mariupol Metallurgical Plant named after Ilyich
Outputs of arcotic sandstones (1972) Geological monument of nature 4,0 The village of Southern GOK, the left bank of the river Ingulets. PJSC Southern GOK
Yields of amphibolites (1975) Geological monument of nature 5,0 The right bank of the Saksagan River near the Rodina mine. Rodina Mine, PJSC KZRK
Skelevat Exits (1972) Geological monument of nature 9,0 The left bank of the Ingulets River, 500 m from the quarry of the Southern GOK. PJSC Southern GOK
Shale Rocks (1972) Geological monument of nature 4,0 Behind the mine "North", the right bank of the old riverbed of the river Saksagan. PJSC "Arcelor-Mittal", mine management named after Kirov
Sandstone Rock (1972) Geological monument of nature 1,0 Left bank of the Ingulets River, near the substation of the Southern GOK. PJSC Southern GOK
Ancient pear on Karnavatka (2010) Botanical monument of nature 0,015 Street Schmidt. POG Kryvyi Rih Department of Internal Affairs UTOS. Private homestead
The protected landscapes in Kryvyi Rih are unevenly distributed. The highest concentration is observed in Ingulets (4), Central City and Saksagan (3 each). Two objects have been identified in Ternivskyi district and one in Dovhyntsivskyi. There are no protected landscapes in Pokrovskyi and Metalurhiynyi districts of the city (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. The scheme of location of objects of the operating system of PZF of Kryvyi Rih: 1 - objects of national value (asterisk); 2 - objects of local significance (circles). Municipal NFP facilities:
1. Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
2. Beam North Red.
3. The rocks of MODRA.
4. Outputs of amphibolites.
5. Cultivated pear tree.
6. Shale rocks.
7. Park named after Mershavzev.
8. Dendrological park.
9. Outputs of arcotic sandstones.
10. Sandstone rock.
11. Skelevat exits.
12. Vizirka.
13. Ancient pear on Karnavatka.
The main prerequisites for the development of tourism are motives of the tourist (what the visitor
wants to see, try in practice) and tourist resources - objects of visit [7]. Protected areas are also tourist resources. The main motives for visiting protected landscapes are - cognitive, recreational (recreation and health), sports, training, educational (environmental). It is the motivational attitude of the tourist and is a prerequisite for the assessment of protected areas as tourist attractions.
For qualitative assessment we have adopted the following method. Based on the most detailed content and object classifications of types of tourism, first identified a range of possible areas of use of protected landscapes in tourism according to their natural features. For protected landscapes of Kryvyi Rih the main directions of their use in tourism are the following: 1) cognitive; 2) scientific; 3) geological; 4) mineralogical; 5) ecological; 6) sports; 7) extreme; 8) historical and cultural; 9) industrial; 10) climbing. In order to assess the possibilities of use in tourism, not only the boundaries of the protected object itself were taken, but also the landscapes that are directly adjacent to it and which can be inspected at the same time.
Further, based on the nature of the NPF object, the existing experience of their use in tourism, the motivational approach to determining the directions of tourism, makes it possible to determine all potential uses of the protected area in tourism for each protected object. The selected direction is assigned one simple point. Next, calculate the amount of points that will correspond to the number of all possible areas of tourism in this protected area. The highest degree of attractiveness for tourism will have the protected landscape, which gains the maximum amount of points (table 2).
The proposed method allowed all the objects of the NPF of Kryvyi Rih to be ranked according to their potential for tourism and among them to allocate 3 groups of protected areas:
• NPF objects with high potential for tourism (8 points and more): 2 objects - all geological - "Modra Rocks" and "Shale Rocks";
• NFZ facilities with average potential for tourism (5-7 points): 8 objects - landscape reserves "Balka Pivnichna Chervona" and "Vizyrka", "Dovgyntsivsky Dendropak" and "Park named after Mershavzev, geological monuments - "Exits of arcotic sandstones", "Sandstone rock", "Exits of amphibolites", "Skelevat exits";
• NPF objects with low potential for tourism (4 points) - 3 objects: all botanical - "Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden", "Cultural Pear Tree", "Ancient Pear on Kar-navatka".
Table 2
Directions of use of NPPs of Kryvyi Rih in tourism (compiled by the author - Karpenko T.)
Name of the NPF object Evaluation of the object for tourism in points (1 point - 1 direction) Areas of use of the protected area as a tourist attraction
North Red Beam 6 Cognitive, scientific, geological, ecological, industrial, historical and cultural tourism
The rocks of MODR 8 Cognitive, scientific, geological, mineralogical, ecological, sports, extreme tourism, climbing
Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of NASU 4 Cognitive, scientific, ecological, recreational tourism
Vizirka 6 Cognitive, scientific, ecological, sports, extreme, industrial tourism
Park named after Mershavzev 6 Cognitive, historical and cultural, ecological, sports, industrial, recreational tourism
Dendrological park 5 Cognitive, scientific, ecological, sports, recreational tourism
Cultivated pear tree 4 Cognitive, scientific, ecological, historical and cultural tourism
Exits of arcotic sandstones 5 Cognitive, scientific, geological, mineralogical, ecological tourism
Outputs of amphibolites 5 Cognitive, scientific, geological, mineralogical, ecological tourism
Skelevat exits 6 Cognitive, scientific, geological, mineralogical, industrial, ecological tourism
Shale rocks 9 Cognitive, scientific, geological, mineralogical, ecological, sports, extreme, historical and cultural, industrial tourism
Sandstone rock 5 Cognitive, scientific, geological, mineralogical, ecological tourism
Ancient pear on Karnavatka 4 Cognitive, scientific, ecological, historical and cultural tourism
It is established that directions of the use of protected landscapes in tourism are: cognitive, scientific and ecological. The cognitive aspect when visiting protected landscapes is basic, as acquaintance with the tourist object is its knowledge [1,4]. The scientific aspect is also always present, as protected landscapes are the least disturbed natural complexes, so they have significant potential for purely scientific research. The ecological component during excursions to protected landscapes in principle is reduced to one thing - acquaintance with conditionally natural geocomponents, as opposed to the dominant anthropogenic landscapes around.
Other areas of involvement of protected landscapes in tourism have limited potential. For example, geological and mineralogical tourism is possible only on geological monuments or where there is an outcrop of rocks (for example, as part of the landscape reserve "North Red Beam"). For sports, tourism and extreme (as an option, mountain jumps) protected landscapes can be used only those that are represented by a complex of necessary geocomponents - woody vegetation, river, steep gravelly or rocky slopes. Of particular importance for climbing are protected landscapes, where there are high and steep cliffs in the structure. Reserved landscapes of the garden and park type (Botanical Garden, Dendropark in Dovgyntsevo, park named after
Mershavzev) are more in line with human recreational needs.
Historical and cultural tourism in protected landscapes is quite interesting. Its purpose is to get acquainted with the oldest historical objects of both natural (in Kryvyi Rih - 2 ancient pears) and artificial origin. To illustrate the latter, we name the following objects:
- in the reserve "Balka Pivnichna Chervona" -the remains of the supporting bulls of the railway bridge of 1894, an old iron ore quarry with a dump;
- in the park named after Mershavzev - created 2 museums - archaeological and mineralogical in the open air, on the edge of the park - 5, early twentieth century. flooded lakes, iron ore quarries;
- within the geological monument "Shale Rocks" there are 2 known quarries with dumps, a tunnel breaking shale from the middle of the XIX century.
The most unexpected and interesting is the realization of the goals of industrial tourism through protected landscapes. As paradoxical as it may sound, some protected areas are enclosed in industrial landscapes, bordering on them directly, so it is impossible not to show or tell about industrial processes. The use of tourist resources should be approached comprehensively. For example, in Kryvyi Rih 5 protected landscapes have the following opportunities:
- "North Red Beam" - a concomitant overview of the failures of the mine. Lenin, dumps of the May Day quarry of PJSC Northern GOK, ancient techno-genic objects (described above);
- "Vizyrka" - a reserve, which is generally created on the basis of 3 flooded iron ore quarries and a number of dumps;
- "Park named after Mershavzev - here you can see large blocks of iron rocks, which are mined in all quarries of Kryvbas, ancient iron ore mining, dumps;
- "Skelevatsky Exits" - a unique place where you can see the artificial canyon of the Ingulets River together with the towering Left and Right Bank dumps of PJSC Pivdenny GOK;
- "Shale rocks" - here, as mentioned above, preserved ancient mining of aspid shale, near the existing quarry of Kirov SHU PJSC ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih.
The analysis of the possibilities of involving protected landscapes in tourism allowed to substantiate the following statement - the use of NPF objects in tourism should be comprehensive and implement not only the traditional ecological motive, but also a number of other goals. This allows the development of 10 types of tourism on the basis of protected landscapes: cognitive, scientific, geological, mineralogical, ecological; sports, extreme, historical and cultural, industrial, climbing. The new interpretation of the place of protected land-
scapes in tourism is of particular importance for industrial regions, where the objects of the NPF play not only a cognitive but also a recreational function. It also emphasizes the fact that industrial regions have a large and comprehensive potential for tourism development.
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ON SUBJECT TO DETERMINE FIRE HAZARD GROUPS OF COAL SEAMS
Tarasov V.
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Mining
Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
Antoshchenko M.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Mining Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
Rudniev Ye.
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering
Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
Levadnyi O.
Student in the Master's Programme in Chemical Engineering and Environment of
Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
К ВОПРОСУ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ГРУПП ПОЖАРНОЙ ОПАСНОСТИ УГОЛЬНЫХ
ШАХТОПЛАСТОВ
Тарасов В.Ю.
доцент кафедры горного дела, кандидат технических наук, доцент Восточноукраинский национальный университет имени Владимира Даля
Антощенко Н.И.
профессор кафедры горного дела, доктор технических наук, профессор Восточноукраинский национальный университет имени Владимира Даля
Руднев Е.С.
доцент кафедры электрической инженерии, кандидат технических наук, доцент Восточноукраинский национальный университет имени Владимира Даля
Левадный О.А.
магистрант кафедры химической инженерии и экологии Восточноукраинский национальный университет имени Владимира Даля
Abstract
The article includes an analysis of regulatory documents, which regulate the safety of mining operations. The methodological approach to establish the fire hazard in coal mines has been suggested; it allows establishing both, coal ignitability and probable location of spontaneous combustion areas in the mine field, at the stage of design,
