CC BY
3
coercion, of guardianship, illegal seizure, division, land processing agreements, sacrifices, defilements (this is a kind of treatise on propriety, which deserves attention excessive respect for female modesty and the desire to avoid anything that can offend her, even by reason) about hunting, about mortgages, about pr incest against the person, about the will, etc.
For many centuries this scientific work served as a practical guide for the servants of the Islamic Themis and for people interested in law as a science. In our region this book was used until the 1920s.
"Hidoya" was repeatedly published in Arabic, translated into Persian, English, French and other languages. From English the book was translated into Russian and printed in abbreviated form, on the initiative of N. I. Grodekova, in 1893, under the title "Hidoya. Comments on Muslim law. " Published under the editorship of Grodekova "Hidoya" shows the uniqueness and significance of the legal heritage of Burkhonuddin al-Marginoni, which has become an integral part of the culture of the Uzbek people.
Used sources:
1. И. A. Каримов «Высокая духовность - непобедимая сила». Т. «Маънавият», 2008
2. И. А. Каримов «По пути духовного возрождения». Т., "Узбекистан ", 1998
УДК - 657.37
Mamedova M.S.
Master's degree, first course graduate student, Department of Economics
Dagestan State University Russian Federation, Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala REQUIREMENTS TO ACCOUNTING (FINANCIAL) REPORTING IN
MODERN CONDITIONS
Annotation: Modern economic realities determine the purpose of the financial statements as a means of communication between economic subjects in the language of accounting. Constantly evolving economic environment, leading to changes in the nature and direction of information needs and requests users of financial statements, require periodic review of principles and requirements to the information contained therein. This work reveals the role and importance of financial reporting for internal and external users, and also defines the basic principles and requirements that must be met by financial statements in the current conditions.
Key words: Financial statements, users of financial statements, information needs, principles offinancial reporting, requirements for financial reporting.
In modern market conditions the role of accounting statements is expressed in providing communications between an economic entity engaged in financial and economic activities and interested users who need information about the property and financial situation and the results of the operations of the enterprise. The importance of the quality and content of reporting for its users is determined
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by the fact that its data act as an alternative solution for various kinds of solutions. Accelerating rates of economic development also lead to changes in the nature of the interrelations between economic entities and, accordingly, their needs for the information provided, which requires the improvement of the system of requirements for financial reporting.
Accounting reporting as a final document contains a set of integrated financial indicators, designed to meet the interests common to its various users. Therefore, the ability to fully satisfy the information requests of its users of any category can not act as a requirement for the reporting of the organization. Despite this, the very purpose of reporting determines the vector of development in the direction of maximizing the information richness of its content.
In any economic environment financial statements must meet generally accepted principles and requirements laid down in the legal acts on accounting of the Russian Federation, which meet the international requirements for financial reporting.
Accounting statements should, first of all, comply with the principles of the "transparency concept", adopted in IAS (the international accounting standards).1 Transparency of reporting is achieved by the reliability of its data, which is especially important at the present time, when economic and financial relations of economic entities are built on contractual basis.
The reliability of the reporting should ensure its neutrality, excluding the possibility of unilateral satisfaction of the interests of the participants in the relationship. The possibility of influencing the assessments and decisions of the users of reporting through the selection or presentation of information should be excluded.2
Accounting reporting is an information base for making different decisions by its users. A competent and economically sound decision depends not only on the level of knowledge, qualification and professionalism of the person who accepts it: in many respects it is determined by the sufficiency of the available data. Given this circumstance, the requirement of completeness is also singled out.
However, the requirements for completeness and reliability of information in financial statements may contradict the requirement of its timeliness. Despite this, disregard of any of these requirements is unacceptable. Timeliness of information ensures its relevance, since belated reporting can lead to untimely adoption of managerial decisions, which will be expressed in the "temporary lag" manifestations of the economic effect of the decision. This, in turn, will reduce its effectiveness.
Accounting reporting should be comparable, which provides an opportunity to analyze changes in the financial position of the economic entity and the results of its operation.
Accounting reporting should be understandable to its user. This is achieved,
1 IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements". [Electronic resource]: Access mode: http://consultant.ru
2 Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ "On Accounting". [Electronic resource]: Access mode: http ://consultant.ru
among other things, by establishing uniform requirements for the composition and procedure for the formation of a system of reporting indicators. In connection with the integration of economic relations between domestic and foreign enterprises, access to the world market, and attraction of foreign investments, the principle of comprehensibility of financial statements requires harmonization of accounting and reporting rules with IAS.
These qualitative characteristics do not exhaust the list of generally accepted reporting requirements. In modern conditions, it seems advisable to distinguish two more characteristics of financial statements: its verifiability and the degree of analyticity.
The verifiability of information contained in the financial statements makes it possible to form a guarantee of its reliability. Observance of this principle is facilitated by the audit institute, which provides an independent assessment of the reliability of the reporting and compliance with the procedure for the formation of its indicators established by the current legislation rules. At the present time, an initiative audit, which contributes to the establishment of trust and strong relationships among organizations, is becoming increasingly widespread.
The changes made to the system of reporting indicators for recent periods were directed to the aggregation of articles, which led to a decrease in the analytical nature of the financial statements. On the one hand, this ensures the brevity and clarity of reporting, not allowing it to be overloaded with excessively separate articles. On the other hand, such changes may lead to difficulties in the implementation of a full analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise and the results of operations based on the financial statements.3
Qualitatively carried out analysis of accounting statements will allow management personnel to identify in a timely manner "bottlenecks" that worsen the financial situation of the enterprise and develop a set of measures aimed at eliminating existing shortcomings and threats, minimizing their consequences, and identifying reserves for the company's economic growth. To external users of the reporting, its analysis will be the economic justification for the decisions taken to establish economic and financial interaction with a particular organization.
Despite the constant changes taking place in the economic environment that may affect the perception of the required content of the accounts, the requirements for it, the traditional requirements and accounting principles generally accepted and recognized internationally, act as a kind of canons in the accounting and reporting system. They remain relevant at any time: in relation to them, only the breadth of the possibilities for compliance with them changes.
Bibliography list:
1. IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements". [Electronic resource]: Access mode: http: //consultant.ru
2. Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ "On
3 Mamedova M.S. Financial reporting in the 21st century - what should it be? / International scientific competition of young accountants, analysts and auditors. - Moscow, 2017.
Accounting". [Electronic resource]: Access mode: http: //consultant .ru 3. Mamedova M.S. Financial reporting in the 21st century - what should it be? / International scientific competition of young accountants, analysts and auditors. -Moscow, 2017.
УДК 356.41
Mirzaabdullayeva G.M. The teacher of the department« Management» Namangan Engineering Construction Institute
Uzbekistan, Namangan tity ESSENCE AND TYPES OF COMPETITION
Abstract: This article discusses the nature and types of competition. The concept of competitiveness is explained by examples.
Keywords: capital, economy, investment activity, market, inflation
Мирзаабдуллаева Г.М. преподаватель кафедра « Менеджмент» Наманганский инженерно-строительный институт
Узбекистан, г. Наманган СУЩНОСТЬ И ВИДЫ КОНКУРЕНЦИИ
Аннотация: В этой статье обсуждается характер и типы конкуренции. Понятие конкурентоспособности объясняется примерами.
Ключевые слова: капитал, экономика, инвестиционная деятельность, рынок, инфляция
The most important characteristic of the market is competition as a form of mutual competition between market actors and a mechanism for regulating social production.
The concept of competition in translation from Latin means a collision, competition. In translation into the economic language, competition is a struggle between market participants for obtaining the maximum effect, for a profitable transaction, i.e. it is a rivalry between people, firms, organizations, territories, interested in achieving the same goal.
Competition (Latin concurrere - compete) - rivalry between market participants for the best conditions of production, purchase and sale of goods. Such an inevitable clash is generated by objective conditions: complete economic isolation of each market entity, its complete dependence on the economic conjuncture and confrontation with other bidders for the greatest revenue.
Competition - a public form of collision of market economy entities in the process of realizing their individual economic interests.
The term "competition" entered the economic theory from the spoken language from the Latin word "concurrentia", meaning "collision", "competition". In the economy, competition is defined as follows.
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