CC BY
65«C@yL@qyiym-J©yrMaL»#3î27),2@19 / PSYCHOLOGICAL SCQ1MC1S
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psychological sciences
Musinov E.A., Ovsyannikova O. V.
Kuban State Agrarian University Russia, Krasnodar
PSYCHOLOGY OF BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Abstract:
The article discusses the psychological characteristics of human behavior during extreme situations. Practical recommendations for people's behavior in extreme conditions are given.
Keywords: extreme situation, behavioral psychology, risk, health, stress.
Special conditions in which a person may be, as a rule, cause him psychological and emotional tension. As a result, in some it is accompanied by the mobilization of internal life resources; for others, a decrease or even a breakdown in working capacity, deterioration of health, physiological and psychological stressful phenomena. It depends on the individual characteristics of the organism, working conditions and upbringing, awareness of the events and understanding of the degree of danger [1].
In all difficult situations, the moral hardening and mental state of a person play a decisive role. They determine readiness for conscious, confident and prudent actions in any critical moments. Natural disasters, major accidents and catastrophes, their tragic consequences cause people great emotional excitement, require high moral and psychological stamina, endurance and decisiveness, readiness to assist the injured, to save dying material values [2].
The heavy picture of destruction and devastation, the immediate threat to life adversely affect the human psyche. In some cases, they can disrupt the process of normal thinking, weaken or completely eliminate control over themselves, which leads to unjustified and unpredictable actions.
The danger and risk to health, the importance of the work performed - all this raises the importance of what is being done in one's own eyes and in the opinion of society as a whole.
Unprepared psychologically, not hardened people have a feeling of fear and a desire to escape from a dangerous place, others have a psychological shock, accompanied by muscle torpor. At this moment, the process of normal thinking is disturbed, the control of consciousness over feelings and will weakens or is completely lost. Nervous processes (agitation or inhibition) manifest themselves in different ways.
This condition is quite long - from several hours to several days. When eliminating the effects of earthquakes and accidents, it is sometimes necessary to observe people who are in a state of mental depression, can wander aimlessly through the ruins for a long time [3].
The unexpected occurrence of danger, ignorance of the nature and possible consequences of a natural disaster or accident, the rules of behavior in this situation, the lack of experience and skills in dealing with
the elements, weak moral and psychological preparation - all these are the reasons for such behavior of people.
Firstly, it must be borne in mind that a person who has suffered a severe mental trauma restores composure much faster if he is involved in any kind of physical work and not just one, but as a member of a group [4].
Secondly, in order to weaken the negative impact on a person, constant preparation for actions in emergency situations, the formation of mental stability, and the education of the will are needed. That is why the main content of psychological preparation is to develop and consolidate the necessary psychological qualities.
Thirdly, the preparation of teams — of all workers of enterprises, organizations and institutions — to increase resilience, to psychological stress, develop endurance, self-control, and unswerving aspirations to accomplish tasks, developing mutual assistance and interaction, is of particular importance [5].
We must remember that the level of psychological preparation of people is one of the most important factors. The slightest confusion and manifestation of fear, especially at the very beginning of an accident or catastrophe, at the time of the development of a natural disaster can lead to serious and sometimes irreparable consequences. First of all, this applies to officials who are obliged to immediately take measures that mobilize the team, while showing personal discipline and self-control [6].
Bibliography:
1. Development of technology for producing food protein food from sunflower seeds. Shirokoryadova O.V.: Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences: 05.18.06: has 12.05.2009 Kuban state technological university. Krasnodar, 2009.
2. Bychkov A. V. Substantiation of the possibility of using straw flour for the production of building blocks / Bychkov A. V., Shkhalakhov L. V., Efremova V. N., Ovsyannikova O. V. // In the collection: Scientific support of the agro-industrial complex Collection articles on the materials of the X All-Russian Conference of Young Scientists dedicated to the 120th anniversary of I. S. Kosenko. Ed. for issue A. G. Ko-shchaev. 2017. p. 1001-1002.
3. Efremova V. N. Research work of students in the educational process of the university / Efremova V. N., Ovsyannikova O. V. // In the collection: Practice-
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oriented learning: experience and current trends Collection of articles based on materials methodical conference. 2017. p. 144-145.
4 Efremova V. N. Multi-tiered plow / V. N. Efremova // Rural mechanizer. 2014. № 1. P. 7.
5. Gorb, G.G. Errors and reliability of the operator / Gorb G.G., Efremova V.N.// In the collection: scientific support of the agro-industrial complex. Collection of articles on the materials of the XI All-Russian Con-
ference of Young Scientists dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the Kuban State Agrarian University and the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Krasnodar Territory. Responsible for the release of A. G. Koschayev. 2017. p. 347-348.
6. Efremova, V.N. Dependence of fuel consumption during soil flashing from its granulometric composition / V.N. Efremova // In the collection: Scientific support of the agro-industrial complex 2012. p. 345346.
Акбарова Светлана Александровна
Студент магистратуры факультет психологии Российский государственный социальный университет
ПОСТАНОВКА ЦЕЛЕЙ ПО МЕТОДИКЕ SMART И КАК ОНА ВЛИЯЕТ НА МОТИВАЦИЮ
СОТРУДНИКОВ
Akbarova Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Master's degree student Faculty of psychology Russian State Social University
SETTING GOALS ACCORDING TO SMART TECHNIQUE AND HOW IT AFFECTS THE
MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYEES
Аннотация
В статье раскрывается вопрос о том, как правильно ставить цели сотрудникам (в первую очередь по методике SMART) и как это влияет на их мотивацию. SMART-цели - это самый распространенный способ постановки целей, своего рода стандарт. Согласно этому стандарту каждая поставленная цель перед подчиненными должна отвечать определенным критериям. Их насчитывается 5: конкретный, измеримый, достижимый, реальный, определенный во времени.
Цели SMART может использовать любой руководитель для своих подчиненных.
Abstract
The article deals with the question of how to set goals for employees (primarily by the method of SMART) and how it affects their motivation. SMART goals are the most common way of setting goals, a kind of standard. According to this standard, each goal set for subordinates must meet certain criteria. There are 5 of them: concrete, measurable, achievable, real, determined in time.
SMART goals can be used by any Manager for their subordinates.
Ключевые слова: Цель, целеполагание, задача, мотивация, сотрудник, руководитель, методика, срок, результат, оценка.
Keywords: Goal, goal setting, task, motivation, employee, Manager, methodology, term, result, evaluation.
Повышение мотивации персонала является одним из самых важных направлений развития компаний. Чем выше мотивация у сотрудников, тем эффективнее они работают и тем больше прибыли приносят организации.
Система мотивации разноплановая. Но есть универсальные инструменты, которые пригодятся любому руководителю.
Данная тема очень актуальна, ведь это один из начальных принципов, все начинается с поставленной руководителем цели перед сотрудниками и их понимании целей для дальнейшего выполнения.
Цель статьи: разобраться действительно ли цели по методике SMART могут повысить мотивацию сотрудников и постараться описать понятно и подробно о самой методике.
Один из способов мотивации сотрудников в компании является правильная постановка целей.
Постановка целей имеет важное значение для эффективной работы, как бизнеса, так и отдельного сотрудника.
Целеполагание - это определение и установка целей, в какой-либо деятельности.
Цель - это фиксация результата, который должен быть, достигнут за определенный период времени. Правильно поставленная цель задает критерии для ее идентификации.
Четкие, понятные, конкретные цели от руководителя повышают активность сотрудника. Сейчас во многих компаниях популярно ставить цели по SMART. Если цель написана по данному принципу, то уровень мотивации персонала значительно повышается.
Необходимо ставить цели сотрудникам максимально четко и понятно. Чем конкретнее сформулирована задача, тем конкретнее будут результаты.
