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Mamatkulov Ibrokhim Homidovish, Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, doctor of medical sciences, professor
E-mail: [email protected] Kosimov Odiljon Shodiyevish, Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, candidate of Medical Science E-mail: [email protected] Ignatov Peter Evgenyevich, President Company of «IGN», E-mail: [email protected] Fedorov Andrey Ivanovich, Director Company of «<NICI», E-mail: [email protected]
Protective and preventive efficiency of «Imnamak» in brucellosis
Abstract: Preclinical study of safety of application of domestic immunostimulating forage preparation "Imnamak" was carried out. Its immunologic, protective and preventive activity for neutralization of the first stage of epidemiological process was investigated. "Clearance test" with experimental anmials infected with brucellosis demonstrated protective efficiency of the preparation. Epidemiologic efficiency of «Imnamak» for neutralization of the source of the infection, i. e. "sanitation" of hyperendemic foci of brucellosis induced by Brucella melitensis was proved.
Keywords: brucellosis, "Imnamak", immunostimulation, protection, prevention.
Prevention of brucellosis includes a set ofveterinary-sanitation, economical and medical-sanitation measures, the ultimate aim is the elimination of infection among animals and termination of diseases among the population. Taking into consideration that brucellosis is zoonotic infection, on the basis for epidemic safety are prevention measures of infections among animals and hotbeds elimination of epizootic diseases when they occur [2; 8].
Our study investigated the protective efficacy of the drug "Imnamak", which is a balanced blend of natural active biological substances (immunofor, fodder salt and etc.), the effect of which is aimed at activation immune system of farm animals organism.
The drug "Imnamak" is used for small cattle (SC) in order to prevent brucellosis. It is recommended that one course per year in the parturition period. One dose of the drug "Imnamak" three grams a day (daily dose of the need for fodder salt small ruminants) within 30 days, two months before parturition company among the sheep. If brucellosis drug used for the first time since the pathogenesis features ofbrucellosis infection include immunological mechanisms that are targeted by the drug "Imnamak" [1; 3].
The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective activity of the drug "Imnamak" in the experiment and evaluation of its effectiveness in preventive hyperendemic hearth of brucellosis goat - sheep species.
Materials and methods
The experimental materials were white mice and guinea pigs, respectively 30 and 40 animals. We consider the comparative group of the control and experimental animals. In determination the effectiveness of the drug were used indicators "clearance-test", and white mice and experimental infection of guinea pigs.
To assess the effectiveness of preventive parturition during the campaign over two years was treated drug "Imnamak" 183 thousand heads SC in the "H". In the first year of treatment it was covered only public livestock, while in the second year — both public and agricultural livestock small cattle held by individual owners.
There was a retrospective epidemiological analysis and the analysis of own research results about epidemic situation of brucellosis for 1998-2002 years. Serological screening for brucellosis among the population was conducted by classical serological testing by Heddelson, Wright reactions and passive hemagglutination.
Statistical processing of the results was carried out on the computer IBM PC using the Excel program.
The results of research and its discussion. To study the protective activity of the drug "Imnamak" performed experimental infection of laboratory animals. In "clearance-test" as used experimental model of white mice treated by immunostimulant "Imnamak".
Protective and preventive efficiency of «Imnamak» in brucellosis
After 2 days after treatment, all animals were injected intraperi-toneally B.abortus virulent culture in a volume of 0.5 ml. (100 cells). After 24 hours the mice were sacrificed, the peritoneal cavity was washed with 5 ml of sterile with saline and 0.2 ml. was plated flush to
As seen from the table, the number of colonies of microorganisms when administered drug "Imnamak" is 21.0 ± 6.4; levamisole — 195.0 ± 41.0 in control group — 210.0 ± 38.0. It is found that "Imnamak" has a protective efficacy by reducing the number of colonies compared to control by 10 times, and with levamisole — 9.3 times.
To study the ability of "Imnamak" to protect the animals from the experimental infection of guinea pigs (Group 1) was added to the feed preparation "Imnamak". After 5 days of test and control
Thus, the drug «Imnamak» provides sufficient protective effect in experimental animals (P < 0.05).
Previously we have found that the drug «Imnamak» well tolerated by the animals, does not cause allergenic effects, has no pathological effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and liver, so can be applied to farm animals without limitation [4]. In this connection, further study of the efficacy, we conducted a field on farm animals (in the outbreak of brucellosis goat-sheep species), indirectly assessing the epidemiological situation of brucellosis infection (prophylactic efficacy «Imnamak»).
Zooanthroponotic nature of brucellosis infection causes considerable spread among the employees of livestock farms and meat processing plants. However, the recent brucellosis more (up to 80 %) became a registered among the non-professional contingent [5; 6; 7].
We know that for the vast majority of patients with brucellosis, as the source of infection in our country is sick sheep-goat (up to 70-75 %), especially in parturition period. It should be stressed that this is especially pronounced in the regions with a developed sheep-Karakul. One of these regions in our country is the area of "H".
During the past few years, the area "H" was one of dysfunctional brucellosis in Uzbekistan. In the country it was implemented a new system antibrucellar activities, strategic direction which was to neutralize the source of infection. In this case, such a source is a sick with brucellosis small cattle (SC). Scientists of Uzbekistan and Russia had developed a fundamentally new antibrucellar immunizing drug, which for convenience application has been entered in the lickstones. Fed in such way a drug ("Imnamak") protects the animal from infection and drastically reduces the intensity of the infection process. Such a reduction in the circulation of the pathogen avoids contamination of people in contact with animals. The complexity of this program, taking into account local conditions is minimized. In practice, it consisted in the distribution of the drug "Imnamak" the points of the animals in previous parturition period (1.5-2 months).
Based on small cattle (sheep) physiological needs was calculated in table salt (3-5 grams per day) and the dose of the active
the Petri dish with the meat-peptone agar. Counting of colonies was performed after 48 hours of incubation at 37 °C. The experimental results show (P < 0.05) on the activation of the organism's defense mechanisms. The results are shown in Table. 1.
groups (2nd) were challenged with virulent culture B.melitensis 16M at 10 ID100. After 30 days they were opened and parenchymal organs were subjected to bacteriological examination.
The results of the study of protective efficacy "Imnamak" in experimental brucellosis infection of guinea pigs are shown in Table. 2. The experiment found that the use of an immunostimulant "Imnamak" can dramatically reduce (P < 0.05) infection (20 times) of guinea pigs with brucellosis, i. e. the drug has a strong protective effect.
drug, which the sheep ate consumed during the period. In the first year of studies in the area of "H" has been processed by small cattle of the public sector, and in the second — the whole small cattle's of both, the private and public sectors.
Just in previous parturition period campaign has been processed in the first year about 70 thousand small cattle, and the second — 113 thousand small cattle.
The analysis of the epidemic situation has been found that if in the period 1998-2002 the number of cases of people with newly diagnosed brucellosis ranged 17-24 patients per year, in the first year of implementation of the program, this figure fell to 9 cases.
An interesting and somewhat unexpected result was a sharp decline in the number of sick people admitted with recurrent chronic forms of brucellosis. Apparently, superinfection plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic brucellosis in hyperendemic foci. By reducing the amount ofcirculating pathogen causing a superinfection is reduced and the number of exacerbations of chronic disease.
Another interesting indicator of the dynamics of the epidemic process in brucellosis was the causative agent of brucellosis-infected people, which is set based on the results of serological screening population area "H". If, before the event the number of people reacting positively to tests for brucellosis, was 32.4 % in the first year of the partial implementation of activities, this figure fell to 8.2 %, with the implementation of measures in full this figure was only 1 %. This indicator is most reliably indicates a decline in the epidemic of tension in the region.
Serological screening analysis received in the bacteriological Center of State sanitary-epidemiological surveillance laboratory, allowed to set the amount of change in geometric mean antiorganism titers antibrucellar that is a dynamic characteristic of Brucella infection among patients registered in the "H". For example, in the first year it was a significant decrease in the number ofpatients with high titers in the Wright reaction and passive hemagglutination, indicating to reducing the intensity of infection in patients.
The results indicate a strong damping of the epidemic process in the "H" and the high efficiency of the activities.
Table 1. - Results of the "clearance-test" on mice
Group Drug Dose Number of animals in the group Number of colonies in % (M ± m)
1 Imnamak 0.1 mg. 10 21.0 ± 6.4
2 Levamisole 0.5 mg. 10 195.0 ± 41.0*
3 Control - 10 210.0 ± 38.0*
Note: * — indicators of the significance of differences of the drug levamisole and control to the drug "Imnamak".
Table 2. - The protective effect in guinea pigs infected with the B. melitensis 16M
Group Preparation Number of animals Number of animals infected % ^ ± m)
1. Imnamak 20 1 5.0 ± 4.5*
2. Control 20 20 100
Note: * — indicators of the significance of differences of the drug «Imnamak» to the control group.
At the same time the part of the veterinary and administrative services area has been a significant economic impact in the livestock sector. For example, as a result of events in the 20-25 % increased safety of young animals increased their weight gain and fatness, and wool clip in the public sector (where, there were activities) increased by 50 % (from 0.8 to 1.2 kg. per head).
Based on the preliminary results it can make number of conclusions:
1. Preparation "Imnamak" has immunostimulatory effects and gives a pronounced protective effect in experimental animals (P < 0.05).
2. The proposed method is simple in execution in practice, and well suited to the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
3. The effectiveness of this method is very high; it can be used in the most disadvantaged regions of the country.
4. The recommended method of epidemiological and environmentally safe, it can be used without any restrictions.
5. Implementation of this method further entails obtaining a positive economic impact for the owners of farm animals.
6. It is appropriate to recognize the application of this method in the form of a comprehensive "Program" in all brucellosis outbreaks with a maximum coverage of events of all livestock small ruminants. It is hoped that this approach will allow for a few (2-3) years, to reduce the incidence of brucellosis in the country to the individual sporadic cases.
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Mamatkulov Ibrokhim Homidovish, Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, doctor of medical sciences, professor
E-mail: [email protected]
Ahmedova Mubarahon Dgalilovna, Tashkent Medical Academy, doctor of medical sciences, professor
Kosimov Odiljon Shodiyevish, Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, candidate of Medical Science
E-mail: [email protected]
Immunological effectiveness of "Immun-5" in various forms brucellosis
Abstract: Cellular immunity was studied in patients with acute, subacute, primary and secondary chronic forms of brucellosis was studied before and after therapy including domestic preparation "Immune-5" and in healthy persons (as a control group). Effect was not observed in the treatment of acute and subacute brucellosis, but positive immunologic and clinical dynamics was observed in patients with chronic forms of brucellosis.
Keywords: brucellosis, immun-5, T and B lymphocytes, treatment, prevention.
Object of the study to assess the effectiveness of domestic im- hepatitis of various etiologies, gynecological diseases and chronic mune stimulator in various forms of brucellosis. A natural prod- diseases of the urogenital tract. Prophylactic courses of immuno-5 uct "immun-5" was chosen (production of research and practice are recommended twice a year in spring and autumn. In brucel-firm «Bibinor». The drug is a balanced mixture of natural active losis the preparation is applierd for the first time [1], we suppose biological substances, activating immune system. A capsule daily that the pathogenic features of brucellosis are corresponded above-for 30 days ius recommended for patients with gastritis, colitis, mentioned parameters of the properties "immun-5".
