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Ahmedova D.M.
Associate Professor candidate of Biological Fergana State University
PROMISING VARIETIES OF MULBERRY PLANT
Annotation: In this article, The Mulberry plant is studied the biological ecological characteristics of the varieties of Tajik seedless Mulberry, Sanish-41, Southern, Sanish-38, Sanish-33, Sanish-39. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of the varieties in the experiment were evaluated by determination. In our experiments in 2019-2020-2021, an observation was carried out on several Mulberry varieties at once, Tajikistan U/t was taken as control.The qualitative and quantitative indicators of the varieties in the experiment were influenced by environmental factors, and within the tested varieties, The Varieties Sanish-39 and Sanish-38 with all their indicators prevailed over the Tajik U/t variety. The Sanish-38 variety differedfrom other tested varieties in the abundance of Horn-Sheba and the dense arrangement of the leaf on its branches. The Sanish-39 variety averaged 132 s/, +6 more than control, and the Leaf yield reached 154 s/especially when the weather was favorable. This figure was +16 s/GA compared to the Tajik U/T variety.
Keywords: mulberry plant, quantity and quality indicators, varietal characteristics, environmental factors, productivity
INTRODUCTION
As you know, one of the most important areas of our republic is the silk industry, the high level of its quality, salinity, biological and technological indicators of silk fiber depends on the satiety of silkworm food, the yield and quality of the Leaf.
The decision of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on additional measures for the development of The Silkworm feed base in the cotton industry" aims to increase the base of the sawmills network in the Republic by expanding the plantations, applying water-saving irrigation technologies and promoting the effective implementation of agrotechnical measures, introducing innovative ideas, scientific developments and scientific achievements. [1]
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
Ch.I. Bekkamov, U.T. Daniyarov, N.K. Abdikayumova, N.O. Rajabov [2] notes that only about 5% of the total population of navdor Mulberry is the main source of silk in Uzbekistan [2]. 95% of mulberries are considered hybrids, which is explained by the fact that they are 2-3 times less fertile, lower leaf quality than varietal mulberries.
The quality of silkworm seed in bringing the cocoons grown in our republic to the world market, along with improving the agrotechnics of feeding, is required to establish the cultivation of a large number of varietal Mulberry seedlings in existing (nurseries) nurseries. Therefore, it was aimed at determining the impact of the environmental environment on the development of mulberry tree. For this, different varieties of Mulberry were evaluated by growing them in the same conditions.
For the experiment, varieties of Tajik seedless Mulberry, Surkh-Mulberry, Sanish-41, Southern, Sanish-38, Sanish-33, Sanish-39 mulberries were obtained. To do this, the quality indicators of the varieties in the experiment were determined: bulging of the bud, the formation of 5 leaves, the tip Bud is closed, the time of yellowing of the leaves, the time of leaf shedding, the vegetative period (day).
Determination of the quantitative indicators of the varieties in the experiment: the number of trees in the account (pieces), the amount of the branch with a leaf (kg), the amount of leaf in the pure state (kg), the Leaf weight of one tree (kg), the yield s/ga.
The experimental land area is 3,300 m2 and the soil is light-toned loam soil, irrigated, with an average soil fertility of.The experimental land area was 64 m from North to South, and 50 m from East to West, the plant varieties were found in 2 Yarus, in 4 measures, the scientist of England R.A. Arranged in the rendering method recommended by Fisher. Experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 in the conditions of loose soil of a light hue of the Fergana District of the Fergana region. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
In 2019, bulging of the buds of Mulberry varieties was observed on 27.0302.04. In combination with the dry warm arrival of April, temperatures are much lower in the 2-10 days of may, with much higher precipitation, and there was a sharp difference between evening and daytime temperatures. While the daytime was +15- + 250s hot, the night was 3-100s hot. Dry air dominated throughout the summer. Therefore, the number of irrigations of mulberries was 10. Fertilization was carried out 2 times, Feeding N-240 kg/ha, P-140 kg/ha, k-30 kg/ha.
In an experiment conducted in 2019, Tajikistan seedless Mulberry is a zoned variety in our republic and has been adopted as a standard. Other varieties are evaluated in terms of quality and quantity in relation to this variety. Leaf shedding for all varieties was observed on 1.11 day due to the fact that autumn frost-30c.
According to the results of the experiment, budding of the Tajik U/t variety was observed on 27.03, with a growing season of 218 days. The experimental count placed all mulberry bushes in 4 measures for a total of 131. Together with the leaf branches, it weighed 793 kg. For the 5 samples in each repeat
when separated from the branch by a leaf band of the resulting trees, the Leaf salivation was 0.42 (42 %). Including 5 specimens in repeat 1 with the leaf branch of the tree 33 kg, 14 kg when cleaned from the branch with the Leaf Band, 14:33= 0.42 i.e. 0.42 x 100 =42 %, leaf salve 42 %. The Leaf yield in one account is 2.54 kg, 127 s per hectare from the Tajik U/t variety. the harvest was obtained (Table 1].
The growing season of the Surkh Mulberry variety is 218 days, from 141 trees on the account, 854 kg was obtained with a leaf varietal, the Leaf Salm was 40% pure (with a leaf band), The unig amount was 341.6 kg, from one account tree 2.54 kg was harvested. From the Surkh Mulberry variety, 121 centners were harvested per hectare.
The growing season of the Surkh Mulberry variety is 218 days, from 141 trees on the account, 854 kg was obtained with a leaf branch, the Leaf Salm was 40% pure (with a leaf band), The unig amount was 341.6 kg, from one account tree 2.54 kg was harvested. From the Surkh Mulberry variety, 121 centners were harvested per hectare.
From 140 species of the Sanish-41 variety, 737 kg were obtained with a leaf stem. Leaf cuttings 38%, 2 kg of leaf harvest in pure form was obtained from one Bush. 100 ts/ha from each hectare account. Compared to the standard-27 centners low yield was obtained. Table data shows that among all varieties conducted in the experiment, The Varieties Sanish-38 and Sanish 39 dominated the standard Tajik U/T variety in terms of yield, Sanish-38 +3 s/, and Sanish-39 +6 s/.
In 2020, compared to 2019, the yield from tested varieties in the experiment was higher. Due to the wetness in the spring months, the quality of the leaves was high and the Mulberry became a good feed for silkworms. The quantitative indicator of the varieties tested in the experiment in 2020 was much higher than in 2019. The standard variety in the experiment was harvested from the Tajik U/t variety by 138 s/Ha. As of 2019, this number is +11 s., From the Surx Mulberry variety to 130 s/ha, compared to the previous year +9 s. a high score was obtained. In particular, in 2020, a harvest of 154 s/Ha was obtained from the highest-yielding variety Sanish-39. From the Sanish-38 variety, a yield of 142 s/ha, compared to
2019, +12 s was obtained. The Leaf salivation of the varieties tested in the experiment also turned out to be much higher. The Tajik u / t had 42% leaf salmag in 2019, compared to 43% in 2020 , 41% in 2019 in the Sanish-38 variety, 44% in
2020, and +3% higher in the Sanish-39 variety than in 2020. The amount of pure-holed leaf (without a branch with a leaf band) from a single tree was also higher in 2020 than in 2019. For example, in 2020 compared to 2019, a higher yield was obtained from the Tajik U/t variety +0.22 kg, from the Surkh tut variety +0.18 kg, from the Sanish 41 variety +0.16 kg, from the Sanish-33 variety +0.4 kg. As can be seen from the results of the experiment conducted in 2021, Tajikistan accounted for 115 s/Ha from the U/T variety, and 112 s/Ha from the Surkhtut variety . From
the Sanish-39 Variety, a leaf yield of 154 s/Ha was obtained in 2020, while in 2021 this number was 129 s/Ha.
Also, the Leaf salinity (the percentage of leaf output) declined compared to that of2020. Including the Leaf Salm of the standard Tajik U/t Variety has declined by 5% compared to 2020, the Leaf Salm of the Surkhtut variety by 6 %, The Leaf Salm of the Sanish-41 variety by 4 % , the Leaf Salm of the Sanish-39 variety by
Changes in the yield of mulberry tree by year
№ Varieties The amount of a branch with a Leaf (kg) Leaf % The amouDt of Leaves in pure form (kg) Leaf weight from a single tree Productivity
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021 Medi al a +5t i (Ctrl} ^ | St
1 Tojikis ton u/t 793 842 792 42 43 38 333 362 301 2.54 2,76 2,30 127 138 115 127
I Sun-tut 854 874 878 40 42 36 341 367 316 2.42 2,60 2,24 121 130 112 121 -6
3 Sanish-41. 737 755 700 38 40 36 280 302 252 2,00 2.16 1.80 100 108 90 99 -28
4 Janubiy 855 SS6 854 41 42 37 350 372 316 2,49 2.64 2,24 124 110 112 122 -5
5 Sanish-3S SSI 898 900 41 44 38 361 395 342 2,31 2.84 2,46 130 142 123 132 +5
6 Sanish-33 697 636 730 41 41 37 286 286 210 2,31 2,31 2.18 116 116 109 111 -16
7 Sanish-39 816 881 813 40 43 39 326 379 317 2,66 3,08 2.58 113 154 129 139 +12
4 %, and the Leaf Salm of the Sanish-33 variety by 4%. It has had its effect on the yield of each tree at the expense of the decrease in leaf Salm. For example, in 2020, an average of 2.76 kg of pure-holed (without a branch with a leaf band) Leaf was obtained from One Tree of the Tajik U/t variety, in 2021, 2.30 kg of leaves were obtained, that is, the yield decreased by 0.46 kg. Just as well -0.36 from the Surkh Mulberry variety, 0.50 kg from each bush tree from the Sanish-39 Variety, the yield decreased.
When the results of the Mulberry varieties tested in the experiment were compared in terms of options, the indicators of other varieties compared to the Tajik U/t variety zoned in our Republic were as follows. An average leaf yield of 121 S/Ha was obtained from the surkhtut variety in 3 years, a leaf yield of -6 s/ha compared to the controlled one. The Sanish-41 variety received an average yield of -33 s/less in 3 years compared to the standard. The Leaf yield from the southern variety was 115 s/ha, compared to the standard -11 s/Ha. Among the tested varieties, The Varieties Sanish 39 and Sanish-38 with all their indicators dominated the Tajik U/t variety. The Sanish-39 variety differed from other varieties in its relatively large leaf size and length of branches, high leaf salinity and frost resistance. The Sanish-38 variety differs from other tested varieties in the abundance of Horn-shabbha and the dense arrangement of the leaf on its branches.
The Sanish-39 Variety has reached 132 C for 3 years +6 more than control, especially when the weather is favorable, the Leaf yield reached 154 C. This figure was +16 s/GA compared to the Tajik U/T variety. When we compared the Sanish -38 variety with the controlled variety, we were sure that several indicators of this
variety are high. From the Sanish-38 Variety, an average yield of 132 s/Ha was obtained in 3 years. This is more than +5 s/in relation to the controlled variety. Conclusion
As can be seen from many years of data, the Sanish-39 Variety has shown that in terms of bioecological characteristics of all mulberry tree varieties tested in the experiment, the Sanish-39 variety is superior to all mulberry tree varieties tested in terms of biological characteristics and yield. On the basis of the results of the experiment, it is recommended to breed the Sanish-38 variety in the districts of the Rocky, Yozyovon, Sixariq, Kokand group, with a relatively dry climate in our region, and the Fergana, Quva, Sfokh, Rishton districts with a high humidity of climatic conditions.
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