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36ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ СЛОВА "НУКУС
VOL.2 №2 2020
ISSN: 2686-9675
история / МАРТЫНОВ Д.Е., ОКОРКОБА А.Д./ 0K0R0K0VA99@BK.RU / УДК 9
ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ СЛОВА "НУКУС" THE ORIGIN OF THE TERM NUKUS
Begzad Erxanov, Minsizbay Seytimbetov
Faculty of history, Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh Yusup Utegenov@gmail.com
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье представлены различные теории, мифологические и научные, происхождения слова "Нукус". В мифах дается разъяснение, что данный термин происходит от слова «птица», ученые и исследователи связывают его происхождение с нукусским «урю». Легенды о Нукусе остаются лишь мифом. В представленной статье дается объяснение лишь некоторым легендам. Эти легенды, связанные с именем Нукуса, действительно могут подтвердить происхождение изучаемого термина от слова "птица". Птиц можно встретить в лесу и вдоль озер. Например, в юго-западной части Кегейли было много озер, таких как Кокшиел, Нагалай, Колтикко'л, Давитко'л, Казанкеткен, Аспантай, и они были рядом с горами Порлитав и Скворечник вплоть до 1960-х гг. Следует сказать, что мы можем встретить термины «джалаир», «томе», «баймак», «джайпар», «месит», которые входят в нукусский «урю», в узбекском, казакском и башкирском языках. Ученые и исследователи считают, что название города Нукус на самом деле произошло от имени Нукуса «Уриви».
Ключевые слова и фразы: Нугки, Наукас, Навкас, Никсан, Кара-Кахан, Кускана, Навкет
Для цитирования: Ерханов Б., Сейтимбе-тов М. Происхождение слова "Нукус". Современные востоковедческие исследования. 2020; 2(2): 147-150
ABSTRACT
The article gives you different views, legendary and scientific ideas about the word Nukus. In myths, the legendary Nukus term originated from the bird word means that the scientists and researchers link the Nukus term with the Nukus "Uriw". The legends about Nukus remain as a legend. Of course, it is not necessary to tell about all legends and their meanings in this little article. These legends that related to the name of Nukus may wake up pupils and audiences feeling of trust. And it is truth that birds can be meet in the forest and along the lakes. For example, there were lots of lake like Ko'kshiyel, Nag'alay, Koltiqko'l, Dawitko'l, Qazanketken, Aspantay in the south-west side of Kegeyli and these were near to Porlitaw and Birdhouse mountain in 1960 years. It should be said that we can meet "Jalayir, Tome, Bay-maq, Jaypar, Mesit" terms, which included in Nukus "uriw", in Uzbek, khazakh, Bashkort nations. Scientists and investigators think that the name of Nukus city actually originated from the name of Nukus "Uriwi".
Keywords and phrases: Nugkas, Nawkas, Nawkas, Nixan, Kara qakhan, Qusqana, Nawket.
For citation: Begzad Erxanov, Minsizbay Seytimbetov. The origin of the term Nukus. Modern oriental studies. 2020; 2(2): 147-150
MODERN ORIENTAL STUDIES
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВОСТОКОВЕДЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
VOL.2 №2 2020
ISSN: 2686-9675
INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ
INTRODUCTION
Due to our Independence, the science of history has moved to another stage of Independence. Everyone remember that together with the first president of Republic of Uzbekistan, IAKarimov in 1992 was the 60th anniversary of the capital of Nukus city and the 70th anniversary in 2002 was a great holiday for the people of Karakalpakstan. During this holiday lots of good studies, memories of good people, different stories and tales about the name, history of the capital city and another information that belong to Karakalpak nation were published in Republic printing.
RESEARCH
Everyone knows that there are lots of assumption about the word "Nukus", "Nukus uriw" and the name of Nukus city. "You can find a lot of interesting information in "Seven bird" story which published in Republic printing. Let's give an attention to this story, "The first grandpa of Karakalpak nation's Qara khan didn't forget to give special birds to his each son. Qara khan gave to Muyten-Iytelgi, Qon'irat- Lashin, Qitay-Qarshig'a, Qipshaq-eagle, Kaneges- Sunqar, Mangit-Tuygin. The leading bird was considered Light bird"[1.5-b].
So "kiyeli" bird country" (related to Nukus toponymy) was called "Kaknus" in Arabic world" ("Haqqus" in Karakalpaks poets' works). This is a divine creature that does not burn, and does not die when it sinks to water. So Finiks is an eternity bird. From studying well , we know that this Finiks word was taken from North languages. Especially, its consonant looks like to Karakalpak language. So, Finiks in our language "paniy qus" and means eternity, forever bird. "Paniy" is a religious conception, and it is called "Faniy" in Arabic language. Ansolutely, this word is taken from Turkish
languages. And the "Bird" word has been keeping its name still in Karakalpak language. This bird has another name in Karakalpak language. It is Light bird.
This Light bird was created from light. Light bird — people's protector. It is said that while Humo bird means happiness and wealth, Light bird means wealth, eternity and all beings. Also it is said that from the ancient time Nukus city was a bird market. Today's Bird room-Qizketken was always bird location. Apart from this, last century bird carved plate was found from "Ku'yik" Fortress. Some experts say that this bird is "Humo bird". Maybe this bird is not Humo bird, but it may be Light bird. The author suppose that firstly the words Nuwkas, Nawkas and Nixan originated from Light bird. Apart from this, there is given Aral sea and its map in one article which was printed in 1863. We read Light bird on the place of Nukus in the map. But, the author did not give enough information where this article printed. We can't assume that it is original or fake variant. We must take into account that each author can give their own opinion, idea and solution. In addition to this, author mentioned that some "Uriw" lived in this place, there were a lot of lakes and because of the bird which mentioned above lived in this place the name of Nukus was originated from "Nuw Bird" (Lots of Bird) name. This always remains as a legend. Of course, it is not necessary to tell all of these legends and their meaning. These legends that related to the name of Nukus may wake up pupils and audiences feeling of trust. And it is truth that birds can be meet in the forest and along the lakes. For example, there were lots of lake like Ko'kshiyel, Nag'alay, Koltiqko'l, Dawitko'l, Qazanketken, Aspan-tay in the south-west side of Kegeyli and these were near to Porlitaw and Birdhouse mountain in 1960 years. One of these mountain still called Birdhouse because of living lots of birds there.
КОНФУЦИАНСКАЯ МЫСЛЬ В КОЛОНИАЛЬНОЙ VOL.2 №2 2020
КОРЕЕ В 1910-1945 ГГ. ISSN: 2686-9675
ИСТОРИЯ / МАРТЫНОВ Д.Е., ОКОРКОБА А.Д./ 0K0R0K0VA99@BK.RU / УДК 9
As we say, while from these stories the name of Nukus city originated from the word Bird, some scientist believe that it depend on "Nukus Ruw". But from this assumption we know the ideas are different. In some scientific work during the latter 250-300 years in the location of Nukus city there was a military fortress. In studies of Uzbekistan heroine, archeologist G'ayratdin Xojaniyazov "in 1740-1741 years in Nukus fortress it is known that Russian ambassadors under D.Gladyshev were leaving the city of Or. Historian of Khiva Yusup Bayanyi writes in his work "Horezmshah Shejire" that the Karakalpak Sultan Gaipkhon Eshimovtin's son Abdurakhman lived in Nukus fortress in 1778. Coming to 1885 Zorliq khan lived in this fortress. By 1873, the Russian kingdom had invaded Khiva and became its strategic location in the Nukus pond. The castle features several European-style buildings and barracks for soldiers"[2.14-b]. He said that Nukus city is a city that has been restored to the ancient fortress. In the past Nukus was called Nuskas, Nawkas, Nixan, Nawket, Shora, Shor-asha. Nukus city is related to its ancient Shorsha and Birdhouse and it has more than 2500 thousand - year- history. Shorsha fortress is continued to be known as a "Er Shora" fortress which was belonged to Shora brave. In order to give some evidence or to prove his point, the scientist made an archeolog-ical scheme on "Er shora" fortress.
In fact, "Er Shora" is one of the bravery poem of Karakalpaks. Er Shora is known as a historical person, and he fought for the freedom of his country. He is called Chura Narikovich or "Qara Shora" in historical works or in Russians poems. Er Shora came out from Nukus "Uriw" Tama Tiyresinen". Our this opinion clearly stated in the poems as:
That Er Shora said that his "Uriw" was Tama and born from Narik.
"Among our people, "Alpamis" poem is admitted to be from Qonirat's, "Qoblan" is Kipshak's, "Edige" is Mang'it's, "Maspatsha" is Keneges's and "Er Shora" is Nukus's. So it is worth to boast about Er Shora who originated from Nukus "Uriw" " [3.8]. There is a Shorsha cemetery in the fortress which was built by Er Shora and this entered as a holy place in G'ayratdin Xojaniyazov and Ong'arbay Yusupov's "The holy places in Karakapaks", 1994 book.
The term Nukus is one of the oldest cities in its development, from the earliest to the 4th-3rd century BC. The only way to show the early stages of the history of the settlement is archaeological data. "As evidence of our speech we should say that Archaeological organism of Shorsha castle, located to the southeast of Nukus city. Scientific studies of this archeological object's possibilities were very difficult. Because of the fact that there is a cemetery around it, the investigations are limited and it has destroyed the traces of ancient buildings. As a result of studying aerofotogenesis of the tower, there found a fortification wall in the area, its width is 60-50 meters and the area of the area is 0.25-0.35 hectares"[4.6-b]. It was not only a border guard in the southeast of the ancient Khorezm region, but it also investigated the water through Amiwdarya. The Toktaw castle which is located in Nukus nowadays is one of such fortress. As a result of excavations it was found that it was a border guard and protected by a small army. There is little information about the people who lived in Nukus in the middle ages. According to the date collected by ethnographers from the people around Shorsha, the remains of walls and towers were preserved nearby. Ethnographers assume that they are the remains of fortress which Karakalpak's "Nukus uriwi" lived there in the middle ages. Writer Uzaq-bay Pirjanov wrote one of his work that the name
MODERN ORIENTAL STUDIES
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВОСТОКОВЕДЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
VOL.2 №2 2020
ISSN: 2686-9675
INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ
of Nukus originated from Persian's nine number and means nine "uriw", nine "tiyre". "In some written sources and works of T.Qanatov - the word Nu-kus is not originated from 9 but it is originated from 10 "uriw", they are "Altimshaq, Go'bdir, Jamanliq, Bozaq, Tama, Baymaq, Bayuwli, Jaqayim, Jaypar, Mesit" and we understand that as a result of joining some groups to each other those "uriwlar" spread, also in some cases they separated from each others. In the end of his opinion he said that the name of Nukus originated from Nukus "uriwi" who has been living in this place from ancient time" [5.9-b]. It is clear that Kanatov's this opinion is the same as Khojaniyazov. It should be said that we can meet "Jalayir, Tome, Baymaq, Jaypar, Mesit" terms, which included in Nukus "uriw", in Uzbek, khazakh, Bashkort nations.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, scientists and investigators think that the name of Nukus city actually originated from the name of Nukus "Uriwi". And it is still one of the problems that needs to be investigated.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
1.
2.
4.
Amaniyaz Juzimbetov. "My praising Nukus" 2012 year.
Kenesbay Qunnazarov.The history of construction Nukus city. 2003 year.
X.Esbergenov, S. Nurjanov, G. Xojaniyazov, V.Yagodin," The capital of Karakalpakstan is Nukus: Ancient and sacred city" 2002 year.
G.Xojaniyazov, O.Yusupov " The sacred places in Karakalpakstan" 1994 year.
INFORMATION ABOUT AUTHORS
2-year student Begzad Erxanov Faculty of history
Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh
230112, Nukus, C.Abdirov str., 1
Uzbekistan
Принята к публикации: 10.04.2020 Submission Date: 2020.04.10
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Amaniyaz Juzimbetov. No'kisim maqtan-ishim. No'kis. 2012.
2. Kenesbay Qunnazarov. "No'kis qalasinin' quriliw tariyxi" Qaraqalpaqstan.2003.
3. X.Esbergenov, S. Nurjanov, G'.Xojaniyazov, V.Yagodin, "Qoraqalpog'istan" Respublikasi poytaxti Nukus: Qadimgi va navqiron sha-har". 2002.
4. G'.Xojaniyazov, O.Yusupov "Qaraqalpaq-standag'i muqaddes orinlari" No'kis, 1994.
