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GENETIC ANALYSIS OF ADMIXTURE BETWEEN BAYASH ROMA FROM NORTHWESTERN CROATIA AND THE GENERAL CROATIAN POPULATION
Novokmet Natalija1, Galov Ana2, Marjanovic Damir3,4, Skaro Vedrana3, Projic Petar3, Lauc Gordan3,5, Primorac Dragan6,7,8, Rudan Pavao1,9
^Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
2Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
3Genos Ltd, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
4lnstitute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 5Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 6Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia 7Eberly College of Science, Penn State University, University Park, USA 8University of New Haven, New Haven, USA
9Anthropological Center of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
The Roma are a minority group that do not share a common homeland, speak different languages and consist of individuals of various religions. Population-genetic studies of Roma as a transnational isolate have mostly sought to compare their genetic affinities with proposed parental populations. The aim of this study is to assess the genetic structure of the Bayash Roma population from northwestern Croatia, and of the general Croatian population, and to investigate the extent of admixture between them. Population differentiation and structure were analyzed using a set of genetic microsatellite data from two original studies (100 Bayash Roma from northwestern Croatia and 195 individuals from the general Croatian population). Results demonstrated that two population clusters best explain the genetic structure. Most individuals of the Bayash Roma population were assigned to a single genetic cluster and most individuals of the general Croatian population were assigned to another. Admixture analysis revealed that the percentage of non-Croatian individuals in the general Croatian population is approximately twice higher than the percentage of non-Romani individuals in the Romani population. Higher percentages of admixed and non-Croatian individuals found in the general Croatian population and lower percentages of admixed and non-Roma individuals found in the Bayash Roma population are in line with the presence of ethnomimicry in Roma.
Key words: population substructure; admixture; Bayash Roma, ethnomimicry
Contact information: Novokmet Natalija, e-mail: [email protected].
POSSIBLY THE FIRST CASE OF AGENESIS OF SECOND AND THIRD MOLARS IN HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS FROM KENDIRCI HELLENISTIC PERIOD GRAVES, TURKEY
Ozer Ismaill, Sagir Mehmet1, Ozer Ba^ak Koca1, Gungor Kahraman2, Ozbulut Zehra3, Guleg Erksin1
Ankara University, Faculty of Languages, History and Geography, Department of Anthropology, Ankara, Turkey 2Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
3Yu%uncu Yil University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Anthropology, Van, Turkey
Human dental studies spanning the period from the Paleolithic to the present revealed an extremely high variation in the occurrence of agenesis in different populations. The aim of the present study is to study agenesis in the ancient population of Kendirci, Izmir, Turkey. The site is located on the western coast of the country - the Aegean region - and dates to the Hellenistic Period. Nineteen graves with 11 adult skeletons (7 males and 4 females)were excavated. Images of mandibles were obtained using a Planmeca ProMax(®)
Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Series 23 ANTHROPOLOGIYA — 3/2014
19th Congress of the European Anthropological Association Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia, 25th - 29th August, 2014
3D Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland). Results revealed skeletal lesions including joint and infectious diseases, and mild and severe lesions of jaws and teeth. Possibly the first case of the agenesis of eight molars (congenitally missing four second molars and four third molars) was recorded in an adult male. Congenitally missing teeth other than the third molars are rarely observed in ancient human skeletal remains. Our results contribute an additional information on this rare trait in western Anatolians during the Hellenistic Period.
Key words: human skeletal remains, agenesis, Hellenistic Period, Anatolia
Contact information: Ozer Ismail, e-mail: [email protected].
AN ANALYSIS OF PATRILATERAL KIN INVESTMENT BIASES
IN TWO PATRILOCAL KIPCHAK TURK POPULATIONS FROM KIRGIZSTAN
AND BASHKORTOSTAN
Pashos Alexander1, Kinjabaeva Gulnazira2, Ismailbekova Aksana1, Yuliya Absalyamova3, Niemitz Carsten4
Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale, Germany 2Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia
3Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
4Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
Kinship network structures are an important part of the human family and of nepotistic helping behavior. Matrilineal kinship links are universally stronger than patrilineal ones, at least in urban or modernized societies. In Sociobiology, the higher kin caregiving by matrilateral relatives, especially by the maternal grandmother and maternal aunts, is explained by the kin selection theory in combination with the paternity certainty hypothesis. A mother always knows that her child is genetically related to her, whereas in the male family line there is uncertainty of genetic relatedness and therefore more reluctance in child-care. Nevertheless, in some traditional societies (e.g., rural mainland Greece), patrilateral kin caregiving seems to be stronger than matrilateral one. This cannot be explained by the paternity certainty hypothesis; however, it might be a result of son-biased child investment. We focus on two Kipchak Turk populations, which are both patrilocal and assumed to still have a more or less traditional patriarchal family structure, in order to test the universality of kin caregiving structures and its evolutionary interpretation. In Kirgizstan, we found very strong patrilateral and patrilineal kin caregiving ties, in keeping with the patrilineal structure of the society. In Bashkortostan, by contrast, both matri- and patrilateral tendencies existed side by side. Overall, Bashkirs appear to be at an intermediate modernization level, characterized by stronger matrilineal family ties and matrilineal child-care.
Key words: asymmetric kin caregiving, kin selection, paternity certainty, matrilineal investment, patri-lateral bias, Kirgizstan, Bashkortostan
Contact information: Pashos Alexander, e-mail: [email protected].
19 Конгресс Европейской Антропологической Ассоциации МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова, Москва, 25-29 августа, 2014
Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ — 3/2014
