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УДК 61
Japarov M.,
Teacher of medical chemistry department.
Rejepov G.,
Teacher of medical chemistry department.
Atayeva G.,
Candidate of biology sciences, teacher medical chemistry department.
Myrat Garryyev State Medical University of Turkmenistan.
Atayeva A.N.,
The main specialist of the Postgraduate Department of the Chemistry Institute of the Academy of
Sciences of Turkmenistan. Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA PLANTAGO MARITIMA, PLANTAGO OVATA
Annotation
Plantago coronopus - is a weedy medicinal plant. Plantago coronopus is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant of the Plantaginacee family 5-30 cm high, appressed-rough-hairy. The leaves are alternate, united in a root rosette, narrow-linear up to oblong-lanceolate, smooth edged, 8-20 cm long, 2-5 mm wide, or with pinnately disposed acute and thin teeth.
Key words:
medicinal plant, teeth, decoctions, infusions, saponins, alkaloids.
Джапаров М.,
Преподаватель кафедры медицинской химии.
Реджепов Г.,
Преподаватель кафедры медицинской химии.
Атаева Г.,
Кандидат биологических наук, преподаватель кафедры медицинской химии. Государственный медицинский университет Туркменистана имени Мырата Гаррыева.
Атаева А.Н.
Главный специалист отдела аспирантуры Института химии Академии наук Туркменистана.
Ашхабад, Туркменистан.
PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA PLANTAGO MARITIMA, PLANTAGO OVATA
Аннотация
Plantago coronopus - сорное лекарственное растение. Plantago coronopus - однолетнее или двулетнее травянистое растение семейства Плантагиновые высотой 5-30 см, прижато-шершаво-волосистое. Листья очередные, объединены в прикорневую розетку, узколинейные до продолговато-ланцетных, с гладкими краями, 8-20 см длиной, 2-5 мм шириной или с перисто расположенными острыми и тонкими зубцами.
Ключевые слова:
лекарственное растение, зубы, отвары, настои, сапонины, алкалоиды. Plantago coronopus - is a weedy medicinal plant. Plantago coronopus is an annual or biennial herbaceous
plant of the Plantaginacee family 5-30 cm high, appressed-rough-hairy. The leaves are alternate, united in a root rosette, narrow-linear up to oblong-lanceolate, smooth edged, 8-20 cm long, 2-5 mm wide, or with pinnately disposed acute and thin teeth. The inflorescences of one plant are of several (2-3) up to many tens (50-60), spikelike, on straight or curvisuberect more or less thick, densely downy peduncles. The front sepals are almost flat, slightly broad-oval, appressed-downy or almost glabrous, broad-white-membranous in the edge, ciliate, 2.25-3.0 mm long. The ovary is trilocular, with 3 ovules. The fruit is a pod, dehiscent in the lower part across along the cleft, mostly with 3 seeds; the seeds are oblong-ovate, up to 1.25-1.50 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, flat, slightly biconvex, non-cymbriform. Plantago coronopus grows at an altitude of 400-800 m above sea level, in clayey deserts, at the foothills of the mountains, in valleys of rivers, oases, on takyrs. It blooms and fruits in April-June. The plant is propagated from seeds.
Plantago lanceolata - is a weedy medicinal plant. Plantago lanceolata is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Plantaginaceae family 30-80 cm high. The rhizome is short and vertical. The leaves are alternate, radical, united at the base of the sprout, lanceolate, rarely almost ellipti-cal, tapered and acuminate at the tip, gradually-tapered to a stalk at the base, with 5-7 veins, glabrous or downy along the veins on the dorsal side, up to 30-35 cm long and up to 4-8 cm wide, the stalks are long up to 20 mm, equal to the blade of the leaf or shorter. First the inflorescence is narrow-conical but later on it is dense, cylindrical, 4-8 cm long, up to 1 cm wide, on a long, straight peduncle, with longitudinal grooves in the lower part, appressed-tomentose, but in the upper part it is under a densely-shaggy or wooly-shaggy in-florescence, up to 50-100 cm long. The bracts are broad-lan-ceolate, tapered and acuminate at the tip, 3.0-3.5 mm long and 2 mm wide. The calyx is 2.5-3.0 mm long, glabrous, of 4 sepals. The ovary is 1 mm long but the style is 2-3 mm long.
Application. In folk medicine decoctions prepared from Plantago lanceolata are taken in cases of gonorrhea, as a diuretic agent for cystitis, for gastric disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, headache, as a detoxication agent for bites of venomous snakes. Decoctions, infusions, extracts and juices prepared from leaves of the plant are effective against pulmonary tuberculosis, pleuritis, as a bacteriostatic agent, it is taken for catarrhal diseases, as a wound-healing, antispas-modic, expectorant agent, for enteritis, enterocolitis, ulcerous diseases of the stomach, diseases of the liver, malaria, bronchitis, whooping cough, bronchial asthma, acute respiratory disorders, anemia, hemorrhoids, scrofula. The powder of the plant is an effective remedy for to anthrax; a gargle against gingivitis.
Plantago ovata - is an oasis medicinal plant. Plantago ovata is an annual herbaceous plant of the Plantaginaceae family 5-15 cm high, stemless. The leaves are numerous, united in a root rosette, shorter than peduncles, up to 8 cm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide, narrow-linear, gradually tapered to the base but broadened into the sheath; the leaf blade is thickened, with long (up to 3-4 mm) shaggy, white hairs on both sides, entire in the edge or with very rare prickly excrescence-teeth. The inflorescences are numerous up to 20-30, ovate or oblong-ovate, 1.5-2.0 cm long and 1.0-1.2 cm wide. The front sepals are obovate-elliptical, 2.5-3.5 mm long, the corolla is glabrous, the tube is 2.5-3.0 mm long, the lobes of a bend are broad-ovate, tapered to the base, 3 mm long and 2.0-2.5 mm wide, acuminate at the tip. The pod is bilocular, broad-oval, 3 mm long and 2 mm wide, dehiscent across in the part that is lower than the middle.
Literature:
1. Wang H, Zhao C, Huang Y, Wang F, Li Y, Chung HY. Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Plantaginis Herba. Hong Kong Med J. 2015;22:29-35.
2. Samuelsen AB. The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;7 1:1-21.
3. Лекарственное растительное сырье. Фармакогнозия: Учебное пособие / Под ред. Г.П. Яковлева и К.Ф.Блиновой. СпецЛит Санкт-Петербург. 2004.
© Japarov M., Rejepov G., Atayeva G., Atayeva A.N., 2024
