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Akhtamova F. U.
1st year undergraduate foreign languages Samarkand State Institute
PHRASEOLOGICAL EXPRESSIONS IN THE MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND THEIR DERIVATIVE FEATURES
Annotation: this article discusses the linguistic features of phraseological units, their classification, the difficulties that arise in the translation of phraseological units, the methods of their translation from English.
Keywords: phraseological unit; phraseological unit; classification of phraseological units; translation difficulties; translation techniques.
The English language has a thousand years of history. During this time, it has accumulated a large number of expressions that people found successful, well-aimed and beautiful. And so a special layer of the language arose -phraseology, a set of set expressions that have an independent meaning. And the study of English is widespread in our country.
A good knowledge of the language, including English, is impossible without knowledge of its phraseology. Knowledge of phraseology greatly facilitates the reading of both non-fiction and fiction. The reasonable use of phraseological units makes speech more idiomatic.
With the help of phraseological expressions, which are not translated literally, but are perceived rethought, the aesthetic aspect of the language is enhanced. "With the help of idioms, as with the help of various shades of colors, the informational aspect of the language is complemented by a sensual-intuitive description of our world, our life."
For those who study English as a foreign language, this layer of the language is difficult to master, but after mastering phraseological units, we begin to speak like Englishmen, we understand them from a half- word, our speech readiness increases dramatically. We can briefly and very accurately express our thought, being sure of the correctness of its expression.
A phraseological unit or phraseological unit is a lexically indivisible unit of a language, a stable semantically related combination of words, integral in meaning, distinguished by figurativeness, expressiveness, stylistic and emotional coloring, fully or partially rethought. Phraseological units have an evaluative function, that is, they express the speaker's attitude to a particular object or phenomenon, give speech liveliness and expressiveness, and are a powerful tool for influencing the audience.
Phraseological units are characterized by figurativeness and motivation, they are mobile and allow for some variability. They are used in a figurative sense, but the meaning of the entire expression can be deduced from the
components included in them. When translating, sometimes it is enough to find a correspondence, which, although built on a different image, but the same in meaning.
It should be noted that phraseological units are considered the most difficult to translate lexical category, which is explained by a number of reasons. First, becoming components of a phraseological unit, words with a free meaning lose their semantics and acquire a new, related meaning. For this reason, for the translation of phraseological units, it is not enough just to choose a dictionary match for each component. Secondly, it may be difficult for a translator who is not familiar with the phraseology of the original language to recognize phraseological units in the target text, which will lead to a word-for-word or literal translation, and this, in turn, to a distortion of meaning and subsequent misperception of information by the target audience. It is also worth noting here that a translator who is poorly versed in the phraseology of the target language will also inevitably encounter difficulties. They will be associated with finding the equivalent of the original phraseological unit in the target language or the selection of an analogue. Thirdly, sometimes even if there is an equivalent phraseological unit in the target language, the translator needs to look for other ways of conveying meaning because this phraseological unit does not correspond to the context.
In addition, when translating a phraseological unit, the task of the translator is not only to correctly convey its meaning, but also to reflect the emotional and expressive characteristics, evaluative connotation, functional and stylistic features. Also, the cause of difficulties in translating a phraseological unit can be a high degree of its national specificity. In such cases, the task of the translator will be to adapt it to the culture and language of the target audience. Another difficulty is the external similarity of phraseological units in the source and target languages, which have different semantics, which can lead to false associations and incorrect translation.
Phraseologism is not identical to the word and is not completely equivalent to it. "It is a lexical unit of a more complex type, since the semantic meaning represented by a phraseological phrase is expressed not by one word, but by a combination of two or more words. " Phraseologism differs from the word in its structure: the word consists of morphemes, and any phraseological unit is, first of all, a combination of words united according to the grammar laws of a particular language (separate design phrasemes and whole word formation). The components of phraseological units are not free in their connections, the circle of their compatibility with other words is closed. Phraseologisms are characterized by lexical stability, basically retain a constant composition.
So, phraseology is a complex phenomenon that requires special attention of translators, since phraseological units are not simple phrases with free meanings of components, and when translating them, one may encounter a number of difficulties. Our analysis made it possible to make sure that in each
case the translation strategy varies and a number of factors can affect the translation decision. These include the features of the use of a phraseological unit in a particular context, its structure, semantics, emotional and expressive coloring. Depending on the situation and features of the phraseological unit, the translator can find an equivalent, analogue, use descriptive, lexical, contextual, antonymic translation, tracing, integral transformation. In order to perform a translation of high quality, the translator must be well acquainted with the above methods of translating phraseological units.
References:
1. Alekseeva I.S. Introduction to Translation Studies: - St. Petersburg: Philological Faculty of St. Petersburg State University; Moscow: Academy, 2014. - 352 p.
2. Fedorov A.I. Phraseological dictionary of the literary language: about 13,000 phraseological units / -M oskva: AST: Astrel, 2018. - 878 p.
3. Elzhurkaeva M. Ya. Problems of translation of phraseological units.. : Renome, 2013. - P. 106-109.
