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PEDAGOGICAL IDEAS OF AHMAD YASSAVI
Nigina Shakarova
Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature, faculty of theory and
practice of translation
ABSTRACT
The article examines the activities of Ahmad Yassawi, the essence of Sufi teachings, his pedagogical views and ideas. The above ideas are based on examples from the works of Yassawi.
Keywords: Sufism, Sufist, Tariqat, Pir, Murid, Yassawi.
It is well known that any reality that educates a person is a pedagogical element. Whether it is an object, a great teaching, the purpose of which is to educate, to call for goodness and virtue, to impart religious or secular knowledge, it is essentially pedagogical. One of the people who embodied such noble ideas and made a great contribution to the history of Oriental pedagogy was the mystic Khoja Ahmad Yassavi.
One of the most famous representatives of Sufism, Khoja Ahmad Yassavi, was born in the second half of the 11th century (circa 1166) in the city of Sayram near Yassi. His father, Sheikh Ibrahim, was an influential member of the Jawanmard sect. Shortly after Yassavi's birth, his mother, Aisha, the daughter of Musa Sheikh, died. At the age of 7, he also separated from his father. Yassavi's sister Gavhar Shahnoz takes care of him. After Yassavi moved to Yassi with his sister, his 1st teacher met Arslan Bob and studied with him ("At the age of seven, I was looking for Arslan Bob ..."). Yassavi mastered the secrets of inner science in Yassavi. At that time, in Bukhara, one of the centers of science and enlightenment in Movarounnahr, students from different parts of Turkestan gathered. Under the direction of Arslan Bob, Yassavi also went to Bukhara. He met Sheikh Yusuf Hamadani, the leading scholar and Sufi of the time, and became a murid. In Bukhara, he studied Arabic as well as Persian. Get acquainted with the mystical literature created in Persia. He was one of the disciples of Yusuf Hamadoni.
The great thinker Alisher Navoi, referring to the teachings of mysticism and famous Sufi scholars, said of Yassavi: The murid and the ashab are without purpose, and the king is endless on the threshold of his will and sincerity. This idea dates back to the time when Yassavi returned to Yassi and became famous as a murshi
Central Asia in the 11th century, was not only a religious doctrine, but also a direction of important social significance, combining specific educational and pedagogical ideas. In the teachings of Sufism, the traditions of teacher and discipleship
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are strictly adhered to, with an emphasis on the formation of the qualities of free thinking and humanity.
These aspects are also evident in the work of Ahmad Yassavi. They are a great contribution to our national pedagogy.
Ahmad Yassavi's works are aimed at inculcating mystical ideas in the hearts of the people. According to Abdurauf Fitrat, Yassavi's «path in literature is the path of our simple folk poets ... His wisdom is equal in weight, rhyme, style to the so-called poems of folk literature».
As mentioned above, Ahmad Yassavi's legacy includes a collection of poems entitled «Wisdom». This collection of poems is known in the literary world as «Devoni Hikmat». His pedagogical views are also reflected in the work «Rasoil» («Treatises»).
All the teachings of the Yassaviya sect are described in detail in Ahmad Yassavi's main work, Hikmat. In the book «Wisdom», which is a great example of Turkic-language poetry of the XII century, which had a great influence on the later Turkic literature, the purity, honesty, truthfulness, kindness, compassion z Progressive universal values such as living by the power of the hand, the skin of the forehead and honest labor, the perfection of Man inwardly and outwardly in the way of attaining the visionsof Allah are expressed. Ahmad Yassavi's are colorful in terms of subject matter. When one reads them sincerely and tries to understand them, the reader begins to discover a being called "Human", to self-examine. This "discovery" (self-awareness) is a gradual transient hoy of the reader - it takes him away from lusts, towards the essence. It inspires humanity. In the wisdom of Yassavi, the pursuit of knowledge, the call to knowledge, enlightenment leads, and in the verses it is said that the value of the learned is high:
Ey do'stlarim , oriflar xolis suhbat etorlar ,
Ul suhbatda ma'rifat durlarini sochorlar .
Haq - nohaq ( ni ) bayonini olim bilur ,
Halol - harom farqin omi qoydin bilur ?!
Olimlardin omilar ko'b foyda olur ,
Bu dunyoda yaxshi otin qo'llar , do'stlar .
From Yassavi's point of view, wisdom means «knowledge of the world», that is, the science of discovering the unseen and the divine mysteries. Ahmad Yassavi was able to make this discovery and strongly condemned any injustice and hypocrisy encountered along the way. In particular, in his work «Rasoil» there are the following sentences: such rebellious and secret sheikhs appear that the alar shaytan alayhil-l-lana is the master, all the people are tied to them (without strings) and alar deceively hunt murids. Such disobedient sheikhs and their disciples take money from them, and their
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hearts are not free from disbelief and misguidance. The elders will be kind to the disbelievers and the oppressors, and they will ignore those who do not greet them with gifts, and the value of the Shari'ah laws will not be worthless for them. The above ideas apply not only to the sheikhs of their time, but also to the education of teachers of any period and the formation of a teacher's personality. It is also clear from some of his sages that Yassavi, like some sheikhs, was not at all interested in the accumulation of wealth - the world, and lived in poverty and misery. Wealth is greedy and greedy people who are greedy for the world, wealth and gain, Yassavi criticizes: Beshak biling bu dunyo barcha xalqdan o'taro , Ishonmag ' il molingga , bir kun qo'ldan ketoro , Oto , ono , qarindosh qayon ketdi , fikr qil , To'rt oyoqlik cho ' bin ot bir kun sango yetoro .
Indeed, lust is one of the spiritual aspects of man that causes the onset of any defect. It is an important social and pedagogical task to bring him up from a young age, to form him as a virtue, not a vice. The goal of Eastern education is not only knowledge but also the upbringing of a morally mature person. The wisdom of Ahmad Yassavi serves exactly this purpose. Ahmad Yassavi ignorance in life due to illiteracy, irreligion, disrespect for parents and teachers, spiritual poverty, evil, arrogance, ignorance is the lowest person, ignorance, depravity, where there is no enlightenment, the country is in crisis. The poet appreciates enlightened people in every line, speaks of them with respect:
Haqiqatning daryosidin guhar olg'on , Ma'rifatning maydonida javlon qilg'on . Kuyub - pishib ich bag'rini o'tqa solg'on . Ondog ' oshiq alif qaddin duto qilsun .
When we look at the wisdom of Ahmad Yassavi, we see that on their basis the idea of forming all human qualities, promoting enlightenment and glorifying intelligent people, and most importantly, educating a perfect man was put forward. The education of the perfect man remains the primary goal of pedagogy of any period.
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